INCORPORATING NETWORK ANALYST INCORPORATING NETWORK ANALYST TO DETERMINE EVACUATION ROUTE TO DETERMINE EVACUATION ROUTE FOR TSUNAMIFOR TSUNAMI

Ratna sari dewiRatna sari dewiThe National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping

Asian Geospasial Forum, 17-19 October 2011 –Mulia Senayan Hotel – Jakarta, IndonesiaAsian Geospasial Forum, 17-19 October 2011 –Mulia Senayan Hotel – Jakarta, Indonesia

OUTLINESOUTLINES

• ObjectiveObjective• BackgroundBackground• MethodMethod

• Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions• ConclusionsConclusions

• To develop a methodology to choose the most To develop a methodology to choose the most effective evacuation routes using GIS tools in a effective evacuation routes using GIS tools in a tsunami-prone areatsunami-prone area

Network AnalystNetwork Analyst

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

• Tsunami is very destructive, cause a huge number of Tsunami is very destructive, cause a huge number of fatalities, damages, and cause considerable economic fatalities, damages, and cause considerable economic and business losses.and business losses.

• The destruction due to tsunami impact is various The destruction due to tsunami impact is various depending on the source, the distance from the depending on the source, the distance from the epicenter and also the intensity of the trigger factors epicenter and also the intensity of the trigger factors which cause tsunami.which cause tsunami.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_E-QOnTGFX_o/RyC4LWX3x9I/AAAAAAAACC4/pBwbjAXEERk/s320/tsunami.jpg

BACKGROUND (1)BACKGROUND (1)

BACKGROUND (2)BACKGROUND (2)

Oil company refinaryOil company refinary

Sea PortSea Port

Oil company refinaryOil company refinary

Shipping PortShipping Port

Power PlantPower PlantAgricultural AreaAgricultural Area

FactoriesFactories

Residential AreasResidential Areas

why need evacuation plan?

• Tsunami mitigation plan Tsunami mitigation plan evacuation plays a crucial evacuation plays a crucial measure for saving human live.measure for saving human live.

• To determine the best evacuation route from a given To determine the best evacuation route from a given point we have to identify the fastest path from that point we have to identify the fastest path from that point to the assembly point.point to the assembly point.

• This fastest path is not always the shortest path.This fastest path is not always the shortest path.

BACKGROUND (3)BACKGROUND (3)

METHODS (1)... FlowchartMETHODS (1)... Flowchart

No Activities Data Requirement Source

1. Building Inventory and Asessment including Capacity estimation

Building use map QuickBird image, Field observation

2. Population estimation Population data BPS & Fieldwork

3. Establishing of road network datasets

Road network map Topographic map, QuickBird Image, Fieldwork

4. Generating evacuation model• Service area & Additional

shelters• Routes

Center of population, shelter buildings, Network

Analysis

Research Activities

METHODS (2) …. Research activitiesMETHODS (2) …. Research activities

METHODS (3)… Network DatasetsMETHODS (3)… Network Datasets

• Evacuation route is created by using Network Analyst.

• Criteria for developing network Datasets:– Travel ImpedanceTravel Impedance : represents the cost of travelling

distance, time, fuel consumption, cost, etc– RestrictionRestriction : the network datasets have rules about how

objects travel through them set directions called one-way or two-way streets

– Evacuation Time Evacuation Time : can identify challenges to efficient evacuation which allows mitigation measures to be pre-planned.

METHODS (4)… Network DatasetsMETHODS (4)… Network Datasets

Walking condition Average walking speed

A person pushing a perambulator 1.070 m/s

A person with a child 1.020 m/s

A independent walking elderly person 0.948 m/s

A group of walking elderly people 0.751 m/s

Evacuee walking speedEvacuee walking speed

Knoblauch (1996) stated that walking rates are influenced by a variety of factor including the width of the roads, road density, the number of pedestrians in a group, etc. For this research

due to the time constraint in conducting the research, the speed of walking in a particular road was only influenced by the walking speed of evacuees and the width of the roads.

Knoblauch (1996) stated that walking rates are influenced by a variety of factor including the width of the roads, road density, the number of pedestrians in a group, etc. For this research

due to the time constraint in conducting the research, the speed of walking in a particular road was only influenced by the walking speed of evacuees and the width of the roads.

10 minutes was taken as time needed for people to react 22 minutes for people to go to shelter buildings. Regarding evacuation process,

22 minute-evacuation time was split into 17 minutes travelling on the network to shelter building and 5 minutes climbing up to the upper floor

Time allocated for tsunami evacuationSource : Charnkol and Tanaboriboon (2006), Post et. al. (2009), Widyaningrum (2009)

METHODS (5)… Evacuation TimeMETHODS (5)… Evacuation Time

RESULTS (1)RESULTS (1)

Building use MAPBuilding use MAP

Purpose:Purpose:To assess the appropriate of buildings as evacuation shelter

Several criteria to assess the buildings were the number of floors, design, construction, alternate function and the location of the buildings.

RESULTS (2)RESULTS (2)

Name, location, Coordinate Function, floor, distance from shoreline Image

SMA Al-Irsyad, Sidanegara, 281476, 9146883 School, 3 floors, Shore distance : 1.328 m

STIKES, Sidanegara, 281494.4, 9146957 School, 3 floors , Shore distance : 1.366 m

Building Estimation for ShelterBuilding Estimation for Shelter

RESULTS (3)RESULTS (3)

Population EstimationPopulation Estimation

DayDay NightNight

RESULTS (3)RESULTS (3)

Road NetworkRoad Network

Topographic MapTopographic Map Improved DataImproved Data

RESULTS (4).. Shelter buildingsRESULTS (4).. Shelter buildings

What factor should be considered ??What factor should be considered ??

EVACUATION ROUTESEVACUATION ROUTES

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• The realistic model is determined by the detailed input data.

• Different scenarios of population over the day will result in different allocation of ESB.

• GIS software (ArcGIS including Network Analyst) is proved to be powerful in conducting evacuation model.

Thank you for your attention

• The tsunami warning should be issued within 5 minutes after the earthquake to the authorities, media, and communities at regional level.

• Meanwhile at national level, tsunami warning should be disseminated 10 minutes after the earthquake.

• Then, the system is waiting for the confirmation of the sea level monitoring from tide gauge or buoy station. When tsunami occurrence is confirmed by sea level monitoring, then the tsunami warning dissemination will be confirmed as well. On the contrary, if the sea level does not confirmed, the cancellation of the tsunami warning should be issued.