increased pain after total knee arthroplasty (tka) in ... · this powerpoint template requires...
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Introduction
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly effective procedure for
patients who suffer from late stage knee arthritis. TKA surgery
leads to significant pain reduction. Despite this positive outcome
quadriceps femoris strength after TKA often fails to recover. Active
extension lag is a function of quadriceps weakness and differs
from flexion contracture.
Patients demonstrate full passive range of motion in their knee but
exhibit lack of active extension range of motion. Currently there
are no studies that exists evaluating outcome of post TKA
patients that have Active Extension Lag, therefore, the purpose of
this study was to assess the effect of Active Extension Lag on
levels of pain and rate of readmission to therapy in patients after
discharge from Physical Therapy after TKA.
Surgical procedure
All surgeries underwent standard medial para-patellar approach. Bone
cuts were made perpendicular to the mechanical axis with the help of an
intramedullary alignment system. The proximal tibia was also cut
perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia with the help of
extramedullary guides. All knees were closed in a standardized manner.
Tourniquet was not used.
All patients underwent the same post-operative pathway. Patients were
discharged to home after demonstrating adequate pain control, and
functional ability. All study patients were discharged to outpatient therapy
within a week of surgery.
Methods
Institutional board Review approval was obtained for the
retrospective review of 168, consecutive patients who underwent
primary total knee arthroplasty at our institution between the years
of 2013 and 2015. Inclusion criteria comprised of patients who
were between the age of 50 and 85 years of age and underwent a
unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty with a minimum of 12
months follow-up.
Patients who had a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis (n=6),
chronic pain syndromes (n=3), history of opiate or illicit drug abuse
(n=3), underwent revision TKA and/or bilateral TKA (n=3), or
recently (within one year) underwent total hip arthroplasty were
excluded from analysis (n=3). These patients were excluded to
mitigate cofounding variables that would influence results.
A total of 18 patients were excluded, leaving 150 for analysis (112
women and 38 men) with a mean age of 63 years (range=50 to 85
years) and a mean follow-up of 32.7 months (18 to 47 months).
All patients received evidence based protocol for Physical Therapy
at our Institution with use of Multimodal approach which included
use of Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, static and dynamic
splints, extension assist bracing for ambulation and Astym soft
tissue mobilization therapy in addition to standard Physical
therapy.
Statistical analysis:
Q lag was defined as a mean loss of 15 degrees or more of active knee
extension from patient specific extension baseline. All patient data were
assessed via patient charts prior to surgery and at presentation to
physical therapy. Baseline active extension was calculated as the mean
of patient recorded active extension at each clinic vist and prior to
surgery. All data points were assessed for normality via visual inspection
of Normal Q-Q plot and of their histograms16. The harmonic mean was
used due to its robustness to significant outliers. An independent sample
t-test was conducted to compare means of dependent variables. The
levene’s test was conducted post-hoc to assess homogeniety of variance
in which a p –value >0.05 was required to accept the null hypothesis
that there was no difference in variance between the two groups. In
assessing the means, a two tailed p-value <0.05 was considered the
threshold for statistical significance. All analysis were conducted using
SPSS version 24 (IBM corporation, Armonk, New York)
.
Anil Bhave PT, Tanner McGinnis B.S, Kimberly Doll, DPT, Grace Neurohr, DPT
Rubin Institute of Advanced Orthopedics Rehabilitation Dept., Sinai Hospital ,
Baltimore, MD 21215
Increased pain after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in patients who present with Active Extension Lag.