increasing critical thinking power verbs with. recall level (knowledge/comprehension)
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Increasing Critical Thinking
POWER VERBSwith
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Recall Level
(Knowledge/Comprehension)
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identify - name
All the information I know
What the question asks
What matches
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list - itemize or give in order
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
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define - give the meaning
word
Definition (in own words)
characteristics
examples non-examples
Frayer Model
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describe - tell everything you know; give details and examples
or
looks sounds feels smells tastes
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summarize - tell the main points or ideas
details andexamples
big ideas
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explain - tell all about
What I think Why I think that Example
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discuss - tell about in detail What I think Why I think that Example
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Application Level
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trace - give events or steps in order
1. ______2. ______3 ______4 ______5 ______
or
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predict - forecast; tell what will come next
Evidence(details or examples)
What will come next
Why it will come next
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interpret – tell about the meaning or significance
What is important
Reasons why it is important
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Analysis Level
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analyze -break apart
Generalization or Conclusion
Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3
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support - give examples, details, or reasons
I. General StatementA. Example/detail/reasonB. Example/detail/reasonC. Example/detail/reason
II. General StatementA. Example/detail/reasonB. Example/detail/reason
C. Example/detail/reason
III. General StatementA. Example/detail/reasonB. Example/detail/reasonC. Example/detail/reason
or
General Statement
Example/detail/reason
Concept
Example/detail/reason
Example/detail/reason
1 2
3 4
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infer – read between the lines; make an educated guess
Evidence(details or examples)
What it means
Why it means that
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Synthesis Level
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formulate -make up; create
All the information I know
How it could be put together in a new way
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Evaluation Level
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criticize - give good and bad points
Good Points Bad Points
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compare -tell about similarities and differences
Venn Diagram similarities
item 2
item 2item 1
item 1 differences with regard to. . .
or
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evaluate -judge; rate
Good Points Bad Points Overall Rating
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justify - prove; give evidence or facts
Generalization or Conclusion
Facts
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How to Use Power Verbs
Included are charts for 18 “power verbs.” You may want to select only those that are most appropriate to your grade level and
content area. If you would like to add other verbs or edit these, contact Jeanette Hodges for the PowerPoint slides.
Each power verb has a simple definition, a visual cue, and at least one graphic organizer that would fit. Our at-risk populations need to have simplistic language that they can understand; otherwise, they may know the content but not understand what the question
is asking.
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•Recent brain research tells us that we learn by visual cues. As you introduce the power verb charts to the class, you may want to discuss the visual cue and how it relates to the verb.
•All of our students --- gifted as well as special needs --- need to be explicitly taught how to organize their thinking. They also need to understand that there is no “magic” way to organize their thinking for all types of questions. For instance, the popular three or four-column method works for some questions and for some students. Each power verb chart includes at least one graphic organizer, but students need to understand that there are others. The best district-wide method is ROAR. (Read the entire question. Organize your thinking. Answer the question. Review your answer.)
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•You may want to introduce the power verbs just a few at a time or perhaps even one a week. Larry Bell says that some schools have had great success by having a “power verb of the week.” The verb is mentioned in the morning announcements, teachers use the verb in class, and students may even be stopped in the hall or the cafeteria to define and give an example of the word of the week.
•Teachers and students need to be aware of the level of cognition (i.e., Bloom’s Taxonomy). The power verbs in this packet are listed in order, according to level. However, these levels are fluid rather than rigid. In other words, the same verb may be used on more than one level of thinking (e.g., compare, explain, infer). It just depends on the way the verb is used.
•As you post the verbs in your classroom, you may want to cluster the verbs around the most common level of thinking for that verb. (The levels and the verbs are presented in order in the packet.) If so, you may want to color-code the poster for each level to fit a traffic light. Recall would be on red paper; application would be on yellow paper; analysis would be on green paper; synthesis and evaluation would be on blue paper to indicate that “the sky is the limit!” Color-coding is just one other visual cue that may help some students, especially our at-risk populations.