increasing intelligence

THE GIFTED BRAIN

Icreasing intelligence: Changing brain activityNorbert JauovecAnja Pahor

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What is it about:Our brain the window to the natural environment.The Intelligence construct.Neurobiological underpinnings of intelligence.Can intelligence be trained?http://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si/

Each of us lives within the universethe prisonof his own brain.. (Mountcastle 1975, p. 131).

Our mind, soul and consciousness are the brain at work the cocktail of brain soup and spark.http://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si/

Cellular structure

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External morphology

sulcuslongitudinalfissurelateral fissuregyriGray matterWhite matterhttp://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Trends: The Human ConnectomeFrancis Crick and Edward Jones (1993, Nature, p. 110) expressed their disappointment:It is intolerable that we do not have [a connectional map] for the human brain. Without it there is little hope of understanding how our brains work except in the crudest way.

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69 narrow abilities I numerical reasoningconcept formationanalysis-Synthesisblock rotationspatial relationspicture recognitionvisual matchingdecision spedcross outrapid picture namingretrieval fluencyvisual auditory learningvisual auditory learningdelayedmemory for namesmemory for names delayedsound blendingincomplete wordssound patternsauditory attentionnmemory for sentencesmemory for wordsnumber reversedauditory WMverbal comperhensionpicture vocabularygeneral informationacademic knowledgeoral comperhensionstory recallCarrolls three-stratum theoryG III

II


MIQ (Multiple Intelligences) Gardner


Sternbergs triarchic theory defines successful intelligence in terms of ones ability to succeed according to what one values in life, within ones socio-cultural context.

Sternbergs triarchic theory: Analytical, Creative, Practical


Neurobiological underpinnings of IntelligenceBehaviorBrain

Structure:Microscopic cellular MacroscopicVolume: total; gray/white matterCortical thicknessCortical convolutionCallosal thicknessFunctional differences


Cellular structure and IQ

Terence Hines (2014; Intelligence): Neuromythology of Einsteins brainEinsteins brain had more glial cells (left pariethal cortex) than normal brainsHigher density of neurons (right prefronal cortex) CONCLUSIONIn spite of claims to the contrary, when examined carefully, studies of both the cellular structure of Einsteins brain and its external morphology have demonstrated nothing that distinguishes it from brains of more intellectually average individuals or reflects his particular intellectual abilities (Hines, 2014, p.24).

DyslexiaSchizophreniahttp://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Morphology: Brain volume and IQ

TBV = total brain volume GM = gray matter volume WM = white matter volumeLuders, et al., (2009)http://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Morphology: Cortical thickness and IQ(Narr et al., (2007)


Shaw et al., (2006) change in the thickness of the cerebral cortex, rather than cortical thickness itself, is most closely related to level of intelligence.

MNI coordinates x = 10, y = 44, z = 48 Right superior frontal gyrus

Right and Left Superior Medial Prefrontal Cortex Left medial temporal gyrus


Morphology: Cortical Convolution and IQLuders, et al., (2009)


Morphology: Callosal thickness and IQLuders, et al., (2009)


Functional differences: Many findings Few theoriesNeural Efficiency: Stating that brighter individuals display lower (more efficient) brain activation while performing cognitive tasks.The expected inverse brainIQ relationship could be only observed under certain conditions:Sex as a moderator variable.Interactions with task complexity and task difficulty.Neural efficiency for frontal but not for parietal brain areas.


Functional differences: Many findings Few theoriesParieto-frontal integration (P-FIT) model of intelligence (Jung and Haier, 2007):

Temporal/occipital lobes early processing of sensory information parietal cortex: abstraction/elaboration. frontal regions hypothesis testingfidelity of underlying white matter rapid error-free transmission of dataProblems:Small convergence among brain areasDifferent test batteries different brain areas. Results of the functional (16 studies) and structural (12 studies) meta-analyses did not show any overlap with the P-FIT.Basten et al., 2015http://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Can intelligence be trained?

TMStDCStACStRNSBehavioral trainingNeurofeedbackNutritionBrain stimulationhttp://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Neurofeedback & Nutrition

Neurofeedback improved: episodic retrieving (Keizer et al., 2010); mental rotation (Zoefel, et al., 2011); music performance, creativity and ballroom dancing (Gruzelier, 2009; 2013); intelligence in mentally retarded (Surmeli and Ertem; 2010); theta neurofeedback training accelerates memory consolidation (Reiner, et al. 2014).A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study showed for the Ceretrophin (combination of: Huperzine A, Vinpocetine, Acetyl-l-carnitine, Alpha-lipoic acid, R. Rosea) group after 4 weeks of treatment a significant 2 point increase on RAPM (Stough et al., 2011).Chewing gum showed enhancement of memory perform-ance (Scholey, 2004), mathematical skils (Johnston; 2012), intelligence (Smith, 2009).http://increasingintelligence.blogspot.si

Working memory training Jaeggi et al, 2008The training consisted of n-back tasks which were trained on 8-19 sessions


Working Memory training training tasks Jauovec & Jauovec (2012)

Working Memory training Gf test Jauovec & Jauovec (2012)

FISH : WATER :: BIRD : ?1=AIR 2=BRANCH 3=SHORE 4=WAVE

Pre/posttest tasks


Results Behavioral & EEG TaskPretestPosttestMSDMSDdf(13)MS11.213.3312.923.63t=3.02; p

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