increasing small farm technology and sustainable resource management
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Conference onNew Directions for Smallholder Agriculture
Rudy Rabbinge
Increasing small farm technology and sustainable resource management24 January 2011
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1. Trends in agriculture
2. Farming systems in various regions
3. Science and technologies for small farmers
4. Conclusions and recommendations
Contents
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Contents
1. Trends in agriculture
2. Farming systems in various regions
3. Science and technologies for small farmers
4. Conclusions and recommendations
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Megatrend (1): Productivity rise
• Land productivity x 5 - 6
• Labor productivity x 200 - 300
• Energy and other inputsx 2 - 4
800
1800
9000600
350
120
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
KG/HA
MAN-HOUR
1400 1910 2000
Grain production in NL between 1400 and 2000
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Megatrend (2): From craft to industry
• From adaptive (adapting to environment) to maximum control (fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation)
• Introduction of non-terrestrial agriculture• Greenhouse and substrate production• High level of value-added !!
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Megatrend (3): Chain management
• From spade to plate• Reverse chain: consumer (or retail) driven• Quality, food safety, convenience foods, etc.• Logistic efficiency (on time delivery), unit cost of
production• Value-added on numerous stages of the chain
cumulative
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Megatrend (4): Multiple objectives
• Environmentally friendly - no pollution- no waste
• Animal friendly• Landscape
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Policy
Science
Industry society
New solution
s
Excellent research and unique facilitiesSynergistic expertise of research
groups Collaboration between research groups
An active, innovative industryA committed society
Networks with scientistsAcknowledgment of mutual
interests
Supporting policiesA facilitating government
Megatrend (5): An interactive knowledge model
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Contents
1. Trends in agriculture
2. Farming systems in various regions
3. Science and technologies for small farmers
4. Conclusions and recommendations
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Production systems
Diversified – mixed systems Complex – many crops and animals together Poor economies of scale Little use of technologies and input Technology not geared to mixed systems Low productivity and efficiency not competitive
Reduced risk to environmental stress Ensures (subsistence) livelihood Spiral of poverty ?
Land extensive Little use inputs
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Farming systems in Africa
Source: Dixon et al, 2001
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Irrig
ated
Mai
ze m
ixed
Tree
crop
base
d
Comm
ercial
Spars
e/ar
id
Fores
t base
d
Cerea
l/roo
t cro
p ba
sed
Root c
rop
base
d
Highla
nd p
erenn
ial
Agro/
pasto
ral
Agricultural value added (worldbank)
Underweight children (CIESIN)
• Irrigated system
• Maize mixed system
• Tree-crop system
• Cereal-root crop mixed system
Priority Farming systems
Source: IAC-report Realizing the promise and potential of African Agriculture
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Irrigated systemMaize mixed systemTree crop based systemCereal root crop mixed system
Hunger Hotspot (CIESIN)
Source: IAC-report Realizing the promise and potential of African Agriculture
Priority Farming systems
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Production potential of SSA
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Limiting conditions
• Small sized farmers
- Lack of credit
- Land tenure and property rights
- Access to markets
- Access to market information
- Education and extension
- No dedicated technologies
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Contents
1. Trends in agriculture
2. Farming systems in various regions
3. Science and technologies for small farmers
4. Conclusions and recommendations
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Features
• Long term – endurance• Complex mixed production systems• Knowledge intensive (on the shelf inappropriate)• Small volume• High cost• “Infant crop” - support• Local/regional markets• Niche markets for export
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Science and technologies for smallholders
• An urgent need for technologies tailored for smallholders
• More attention for orphan crops• More attention for low cost technologies• More attention for farming systems approach• Precision agriculture• Leap frogging technologies to high productive systems• Ecological literacy at all levels
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Science and technology for small farmers
• Capacity building• Agricultural colleges• Vocational education• In service training• Corporate responsibilities
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Role of private sector and public sector
• Private sector
- More investment in primary production
- Lead the supply chains and focus on smallholders
- Strengthen the capacity building• Public sector
- Investment in knowledge infrastructure
- Strengthen cooperatives and competitive power
- Develop appropriate land use and voluntary guidelines
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Contents
1. Trends in agriculture
2. Farming systems in various regions
3. Science and technologies for small farmers
4. Conclusions and recommendations
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Recommendations
• Increase investments in agriculture and agricultural research
• Create functioning institutions• Create and retain a new generation of scientists• Initiatives of IFAD very welcome• Strengthen entrepreneurship at all levels• Promote best ecological means and ecological literacy
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Thank you for your attention