Independent Learning

Progress Checker

Learning Activities:

1.Read the lesson materials before attending the lessons.2.Attended the lessons3.Fully participated and engaged in lessons.4.Used deep processing strategies.5.Practised retrieval and application of info6.Self-assessed level of understanding and made notes or read additional material to clarify understanding or extend learning.Each Week:

1.YES or NO if learning activity completed or not.2.0 – 5 to show how much you feel you have learnt for that week. 3.Maintain your file as evidence of the learning activities, including notes, answers to set questions, independent learning tasks and any additional reading

Take Charge of Your Learning

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

4

By using this sheet every week!

Plate Tectonics

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Name and label the major relief features of the Earth on a world map and cross-sections through the Earth’s surface

2.Name the different types of plate boundary that exist on a map of the major relief features of the Earth and indicate the direction of plate movement.

Major Relief Features of the Earth

Ocean Basins•Mid-oceanic ridges•Ocean trenches•Rift valleys•Volcanic island chains•Mountain belts (volcanic island arcs)

Continents•Mountain belts (non-volcanic)•Mountain belts (continental volcanic arcs)

Plate Boundaries•Constructive

•Destructive

•Conservative

Major Relief Features of the Earth

Major Relief Features of the Earth

Cross-section 1

Cross-section 3

Cross-section 2

A B A

A

B

B

MOROceanic trench

Continental volcanic

arc

Constructive plate boundary

Destructive plate boundary

Cross-section 1Cross-section 1

A B

Oceanic trench

Island arc volcano

Destructive plate boundary

Cross-section 2

Cross-section 2

A

B

Cross-section 3

Cross-section 3

A

B

Destructive plate boundary

Mountain belt (non-volcanic)

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Define the characteristics of the upper layers of Earth involved in plate tectonics.

2.Explain the importance of the asthenosphere in plate tectonic theory.

3.Outline the theory of plate tectonics.

Plate Tectonic Theory

Constructive plate margins

Destructive plate margins

Conservative plate margins

Plate Tectonic Theory

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Describe the relationship between seismicity, volcanicity and plate boundaries.

2.Explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the next two lessons you should be able to...

1.Describe the location of the Earth’s major tectonic features.2.Explain the formation of the Earth’s major tectonic features.

Ocean Basins•Mid-oceanic ridges•Ocean trenches•Rift valleys•Volcanic island chains•Mountain belts (volcanic island arcs)•Earthquakes

Continents•Mountain belts (non-volcanic)•Mountain belts (continental volcanic arcs)•Earthquakes

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the next two lessons you should be able to...

1.Describe the location of the Earth’s major tectonic features.2.Explain the formation of the Earth’s major tectonic features.

1 2 3 4 5

MegMattyCameronGeorge

ShannonJackJoshDaniel

EllisJordonJamesDanny

LiamJakeCaleb

MelissaDamianEddie

1. Constructive Plate Margin2. Destructive Plate Margin (continental-

oceanic)3. Destructive Plate Margin (oceanic-oceanic)4. Conservative Plate Margin5. Intraplate (hot spots)

Groups:

Plate Tectonic Theory

Shallow focus earthquakes 0 – 70km

Intermediate focus earthquakes 70 – 300km

Deep focus earthquakes 300 – 700km

Benioff ZoneInclined zone where earthquakes occur

Constructive Plate Margin

Destructive Plate Margin

Shallow focus earthquakes 0 – 70km

Constructive Plate Margins

Transform fault

Mid-Oceanic ridge

Rift valleyBasaltic, shield volcano

Strong, solid, brittle layer

Weak, mobile, semi-molten layer (<1% molten)

•Low angled (< 10°)

•Non-explosive (effusive)

Volcanic tremor (rising magma)

1

2

3

Tectonic tremor (transform fault)Tectonic tremor (normal faults)

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Constructive Plate Margins

Peridotite BasalticPartial melting

Peridotite (Ultra-basic)

Basic magma

Intermediate magma

Acidic magma

- Basaltic

- Andesitic

- Rhyolitic

Basalt

DoleriteGabbro

Constructive Plate Margins

Destructive Plate Margins

Mt Pinatubo, Philippines Andesitic, cone-shaped volcano, explosive

Benioff Zone

Oceanic Trench

Partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust

Volcanic Island ArcSubduction

of denser oceanic crust

Deep focus earthquakes

Shallow focus earthquakes

Destructive Plate Margins

Conservative Plate Margins

6 cm/year 2 cm/year

San Andreas Fault

Hot Spots

Plate Tectonic Theory1. Evidence for Earth’s internal heat energy:

• volcanoes

• hot springs

• deep mines

2. Causes for Earth’s internal heat energy:

• radioactive decay in the mantle & crust

• iron crystallisation in core

• residual heat from Earth formation

3. How is heat transferred from Earth interior?:

• conduction

• convection

4. What is the theory of plate tectonics?:

• The upper part of the mantle and overlying crust form the rigid lithosphere.• The lithosphere is split up into 7 large and many smaller sections known as lithospheric plates.

• These plates are underlain by a semi-mobile zone in the upper mantle known as the asthenosphere.

• Convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move over the asthenosphere, either moving apart, together or against each other.

Earth’s Major Features and Plate Tectonics

Destructive Plate Margin

Constructive Plate Margin

MOR

Basaltic Magma

Decompression Melting

Oceanic Crust

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Subd

ucting

Sla

b

Hyd

ration

Mel

ting

Asthenosphere

Lithosphere

Andesitic Magma

Continental Crust

Continental Volcano Oceanic Trench

Ben

ioff Z

one

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time.2.Plan a response to an exam essay question.

1 2 3 4 5

AbigailDan WNathan

HannahAyazKieran

LukeAmandaDan H

VickiJackBob

GraceSamDavid

A. Magnetic InclinationB. Apparent Polar Wandering CurvesC. Magnetic Anomalies in the Oceanic

Crust

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time.2.Plan a response to an exam essay question.

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson you should be able to...

1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time.2.Plan a response to an exam essay question.

Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time. (25 marks)

Monday 1st October

Put these 8 images in order

to explain palaeomagnetis

m.

• Iron minerals in basalt e.g. magnetite

• Rotate & align with magnetic field

• Remain in this position after magma cools – remnant magnetism

• Magnetic reversals

• New magnetite minerals magma iron aligns in different direction

Palaeomagnetism

• Liquid basalt

• Basalt cools below Curie point (< 570° C for magnetite)

• Earth’s magnetic field

• Magnetic anomalies at constructive plate margins

• Apparent polar wandering curves• Magnetic inclination gives latitude of erupted basalt

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Magnetic Anomalies at MOR

Magnetic Anomalies at MOR

Calculate the rate the oceanic crust is moving away from the MOR. Your answer should be in mm/year.

60km

Earth’s magnetic field

Orientation of magnetic iron minerals in lavas formed at different latitudes

Earth’s Magnetic Field

Latitude Magnetic Angle

0° 0°

30° 50°

60° 70°

90° 90°

Magnetic Anomalies

Earth’s Magnetic Field & Plate Tectonics

Sediment

Basaltic pillow lavas & dolerite dykes

Gabbro

Eruption Type

Composition(Acid/Basic)

Viscosity (High/Low)

Temperature

Main Products

Plate Location

 Effusive 

         

 Explosive 

         

Heat flow(mW/m²)

50 60 70 120

180

70 40 20 40 50 60 75 295

100

70 60

Km 0 10 18 20 23 30 40 45 50 60 70 85 90 93 95 100

• Mid-oceanic ridges

• Oceanic trench

• Oceanic lithosphere

• Continental lithosphere

• Subducting plate

• Benioff zone

• Oceanic crust

• Continental crust

• Asthenosphere

• Moho

• Partial melting (twice)

• Basaltic magma

• Andesitic magma

• Gabbro

• Dolerite dykes

• Basaltic pillow lavas

• Sediment

• Shield volcano

• Cone-shaped volcano

• Slab pull/ridge push

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Depth (km) Geotherm (°C) Melting point of Peridotite (°C)

0 15 1200

50 1250 1350

200 1450 1600

500 1900 2100

1000 2500 3000

2000 3250 3600

3000 4000 3850

4000 4250 4050

5000 4250 4200

6000 4250 4500

Temperature Variation within Earth’s Interior

Temperature Variation within Earth’s Interior

Depth (km)

Temperature (°C)

Inner Core

(solid)

Outer Core

(liquid)

Asthenosphere (semi-solid)

Mesosphere (solid)

Temperature Variation within Earth’s Interior

GeothermMelting curve

Depth (km)

Temperature (°C)

Inner Core

(solid)

Outer Core

(liquid)

Lithosphere (solid)

Asthenosphere (semi-solid)

Mesosphere (solid)

Where does this heat come from?

• Radiogenic heat

• Primordial heat

• What?

• Why?

• Where?

• Who?

• When?

• How?

• Which?

Plate Tectonic Theory

Plate Tectonic Theory

Plate Tectonic Theory

Plate Tectonic Theory