index goes here slide 1: the chemistry of cooling a pc computer processors (cpus) generate heat...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Index
Index
• Index• Goes• Here
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Slide 1: The Chemistry of Cooling a PC
Computer Processors (CPUs) generate heat
Transistors are semi-conductors contained within
the CPU core
Resistance creates Heat
Moore’s Law dictates that transistor count in CPUS
will double every couple of years.
Generally Speaking:More transistors = More Heat
The Chemistry of Cooling a PC
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Slide 2: The Chemistry of Cooling a PC
Heat creates “Electro-migration” which destroys
sensitive circuits.
Heatsinks are used to dissipate the heat from
computer CPUs
Performance has changed dramatically over the years
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Slide 3: The Chemistry of Cooling a PC
Heatsink design has gone from simple passive aluminium to actively cooled copper or aluminium/copper hybrid.
However, Aluminium is 1/3rd of the weight soPer unit volume, Copper can absorb more heat.
But: Aluminium looses heat faster then Copper.= Good Hybrid Heatsinks.
Why?
• Heat Conduction of Copper = 380J s-1 m-1 K-1
• Heat Conduction of Aluminium = 200J s-1 m-1 K-1
• Specific Heat Capacity of Copper = 0.902J g-1 K-1
• Specific Heat Capacity of Aluminium = 0.385J g-1 K-1
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Slide 4: Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
Greater cooling potential, less noise, less stress on the system.
Why?• Specific Heat Capacity of Water = 4.179J g-1 K-1
• Specific Heat Capacity of Air (1atm) = 1.01J g-1 K-1
Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
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Slide 5: Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
However, problems with the water system now occur.
Problems with water systems:
• Water and Electricity = Bad• >1 metal systems creates an electrochemical cell = erosion of water blocks.
• All Copper systems are now primarily used.
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Slide 6: Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
Many argue the water system should use distilled or deionised water.
Deionised water • Advantages: Removal of reactive ions.• Disadvantages: Still solvated solids remain
Distilled Water (Boiled Water)• Advantages: Pure water – nothing else solvated• Disadvantages: A “void” in the water causes ions
from the Copper blocks to restore ionic equilibrium
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Slide 7: Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
What can be done about it?
Possibly use a Copper solution in distilled water
• Common Ion Effect inhibits further ionisation.
Possible solutions:• Copper Hydroxide• Copper Nitrate• Copper Carbonate• Copper Oxide
Problems• Lower heat capacity.• Possible crystal growth if flow is slow.• Chemically “active” Copper solutions.• How soluble are they?
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Slide 8: Water cooling: From Enthusiast to Mainstream
What can be done about it?
Use a completely different liquid like PFC’s(Per-fluoro-carbons)
C6F14 : Bpt: 56ºC
• Non toxic, non corrosive, non electrically conducting.
Problems with PFCs
• Lower heat capacity
• If the pump fails – PFC boils
• Expensive and possible restricted use.
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Slide 9: Summary
Summary
Type summary in here
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Slide 10: Acknowledgments
• University of Alaska Physics Dept.• University of Indiana Northwest• CSL Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department• Bit Technologies• Wizard Designs• Pro Cooling
Thank you for your attention!
Acknowledgments