259

Index

AAbbott, John, 116, 117Acanthaceae, 94Acer negundo, 14Ackery, P. R. (Phil), 19, 21, 25, 33, 144, 218Actias luna, 237Actinote, 19Adams, Michael, 33, 34Adaptation, 80, 157Adela flammeusella, 156Adelpha croaki, 97Adelpha ixia leucas, 100 Adelpha messana messana, 100Adelpha phylaca pseudaethalia, 100Adelpha radiata aiellae, 98Adelpha serpa, 97Adelpha, 97, 100Adirondack Mountains, 103, 105, 106, 110Admiral, Red, 231Admiral, Weidemeyer’s, 232Adolfo Lopez Mateos (formerly Chamal), 67African mopane worms, 111Aglais io, 226Aglais urticae, 226Agraulis vanillae, 19 Aiello, Annette, 137Åland island, 82–86Alexander, Martin, 107Alfalfa butterflies, 62Allen, Geoff, 123, 124Allred, Dorald, 153Alpine, Butler’s, 236Alston, Ralph, 66Amado, Jorge 143Amateur lepidopterists, 7, 8, 184Amathusiine butterflies, 26Amazon Forest, 11, 15, 141, 142, 147, 208American Museum of Natural History

(AMNH), xi, 28, 241Amorim, Felipe, 208

Amsinckia, 153Anaea, 65, 68Anartia amathea, 93, 94Anartia fatima, 93–95, 251Anartia jatrophae, 251Anartia, 65Anatralata versicolor, 156Andrewartha, H. G. (Andy), 249Animal architecture, 147Anopina (Tortricidae), 152Ant, arboreal weaver, 43, 44Ant-caterpillar interactions, 138, 208Anthene emolus, 44, 45Antherosperma moshatum, 123Anthocharis cardamines, 226Anthurium, 17Ants, vii, 11, 23, 42–45, 68, 121, 134,

137–139, 206, 209, 252Apatelodes paratima, 100Apatelodidae, 100Appalachian Mountains, 105, 116, 126, 161Araújo, Aldo, 19, 21Archonias, 75Arctic, 241, 243–245, 254, 255Areniscythris brachypteris (Scythrididae),

153, 154, 159Argentina, 36–39, 120Argyrophorus argenteus, 239Argyrotaenia franciscana, 153Arhopala pseudocentaurus, 44, 45Aricia, 224Aristolochia longiflora, 62Aristotelia, 184Arizona State University, 185Armyworm, 1, 108Aroga trialbamaculella, 184Arp, Julius, 206Arsenura batesii, 98Arundinaria, 64

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015L. A. Dyer, M. L. Forister (eds.), The Lives of Lepidopterists, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20457-4

260 Index

Asparagus, 17Asystasia, 253Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil, xi, 207, 208Atlides, 68Austin, George, 27, 144Australia, 123, 124, 129, 249, 250, 255Autostichidae, 180

BBaeza (Ecuador), 24, 25Bailey House Museum, Maui, 112, 113Bailey, Edward, 106, 112–114Ball, George, 55Bamboo, 64, 235, 236Barbour, Michael, 36Barca bicolor, 236Barr, Ralph, 246Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI), 70,

93–94, 137–139, 252Bates, Henry Walter, 20, 25, 74Bathroom moth, 96, 97Battus philenor, 62, 118Battus polydamas, 211Battus, 62Beaman, John, 70Beccaloni, George, 25Becker, Miriam, 21Becker, Vitor Osmar, xii, 207Bedbugs, 11Beebe, William, 76Beech, 67Beetles, xi, 96, 102, 176, 206Beirne, Bryan P., 218–220Belém (Brazil), 24Benson, Woody, 20, 76, 122Berenbaum, May, 120Berkeley, 33, 49, 50, 52, 55, 157, 158, 170,

178Bethesda, MD, 254, 255Biblis, 65Biezanko, Ceslau Mario, 207Big Creek Reserve, Monterey Co., CA, 152Big Panoche Gorge, San Benito Co.,CA, 152Big Pine, Inyo Co., CA, 155, 158Biogeography, 33, 54, 65, 81, 224, 239, 254Birch, Charles, 249Birdwing, 234, 237, 250Birdwing, Rajah Brooks’, 250Bishop Museum, 112, 113Bishop, CA, 196Black-eyed peas, 62Blechum pyramidale, 94Blechum, 94Blowflies, 4, 81

Blue jays, 4, 5Blue, Common, 226Blue, Karner, 126Blue, Large, 233Blue, Long-tailed, 214Blue, Silver-studded, 222, 223, 228Blue, Western Pygmy, viiBlue, Xerces, 233Boggs, Carol, 249Bohart, Richard, 36Bollworm, pink, 179Boloria polaris, 243Boraginaceae, 153Borer, emerald ash, 103Borer, European corn, 110, 115Borer, hop-vine, 110Borer, potato stem,110Borges, Jorge Luis, 30Botany, 13, 19, 64, 92, 96Bothrops atrox, 70Brachypterous, 153Braga, Laura, 210, 211Brakefield, Paul, 72Brand, Donald, 65Brasília, Brazil, 205, 208, 210Brassoline butterflies, 26, 27Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica,

175, 255Brazil, xi, 21, 24, 27, 120, 122, 142, 205–212,

253Brazos River, TX, 61Breedlove, Dennis, 252Brephidium exile, viiBrewer, Jo, 233Brintesia circe, 191British Museum of Natural History, 25, 33, 71,

165, 166, 207Brooklyn, NY, 91, 93Brower, Jane Van Zandt, 5, 66Brower, Lincoln P., 5, 107, 109, Brown butterfly, Meadow, 73, 87Brown Jr., Keith Spalding, 20, 21, 120–122,

208Brown, Bill, 68Brown, Dorothy, 242, 243Brown, J. C., 53Brown, John, 152Brown, Richard L., 168, 178, 182Bruce, Tommy, 242Brues, C. T., 66Brussard, Peter, 109Brussi, Antonio, 208Bucheli, Sibyl, 175Buchholz, Otto, 244

261Index

Buchmillar, Richard, 231Buck S.J., Father Pio, 19Buckeye, 6Buckner, Evi, 235Buell, Murray, 32Burns, Ira, 57, 59Burns, John, 166, 170Burton, John, 42, 44Busck, August, 165–166, 170Bush, George, 74Bushmaster, 147, 252Butcher, Marie, 192Butterflies, Arctic, 243Butterflies, ithomiine, 76, 136Butterflies, v–vii, ix, xi–xiii, 3–8, 11, 12,

14–16, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 38, 39, 49, 57, 59–76, 77, 79–85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 97, 111, 121, 123–124, 127–129, 135, 136, 139–143, 146, 147, 152, 187–190, 192–194, 197–200, 204, 206, 209, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 224, 226–229, 231–234, 236–239, 241–247, 249–255

Butterfly genome, 86, 87Butterfly houses, 127, 128Butterfly, “Baby King George”, 188Butterfly, “King George”, 188Butterfly, cabbage, 188Butterfly, checkered white, 32Butterfly, cloudless sulfur, 59 Butterfly, Grayling, 220, 222, 223Butterfly, hackberry, 59 Butterfly, owl, 100Butterfly, snout, 59

CCalifornia Channel Islands, 152California, xiii, 6, 33, 49, 50, 53, 57, 75,

76, 151–155, 157, 158, 170, 188, 189, 192–195, 244, 255

Caligo idomeneus, 100Caligo, 254Caloptilia reticulata, 156Caloptilia, 156Camargo, Amabílio José Aires de, 208Cambirumeina, Colombia, 33–35Cambridge University, 165, 217, 226, 234 Camin, Joe, 247Camouflage, 99Cardoso, Marcio Zikán, 23, 208Carnegie Museum, 61Carpatolechia, 180, 181Carpenter, Hale, 73Carson, Rachel, 106

Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 21, 207Cascadia, 236, 239Castanheira de Morais, Helena, 205, 208, 211Castilleja, 155Castro, Fidel, 62Catamarca, Argentina, 37Catarina, TX, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64–66Caterpillar parasitism, 14, 15, 44, 84Caterpillar, v–vii, ix–xiii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13–16,

25, 60, 78, 83–85, 94–101, 108, 112, 134, 137–139, 141, 146–148, 189, 191, 197, 198, 205, 208, 210, 211, 215, 216, 250, 252

Caterpillar-ant symbioses, 138, 139, 141Catesby, Mark, 116, 117CATIE Agricultural Station, Turrialba, Costa

Rica, 135, 136Catocala, 4Cepeda, Alina, 197–199Cerrado, 205, 208–211Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, 70Chacon, Isidro, 142Chai, Peng, 23, 144Chamal colony, 67, 68Chamalito, 68, 69Charaxine, 254Checkerspot, 6, 74, 76, 82, 87, 189, 199, 244,

252, 254–255Checkerspot, Baltimore, 4–5, 254Checkerspot, Bay, 244Checkerspot, Cascade, 236Checkerspot, Edith’s, 82, 87, 188, 192, 193Checkerspot, Quino, 193Chelone glabra, 4, 5Chemical ecology, 5–7, 107, 208Chemistry, 6, 66, 208Chemsak, John A, 152, 156, 159Cheshire, 214, 225, 226Chilcott, Jim, 245China, 39, 44, 115, 120, 135, 235Chinese hook-tip, 235Chionodes, 169Chlosyne hoffmani, 236Chlosyne, 236, 256Choristoneura (Tortricidae), 152Chromosome evolution, 80, 87Chu, Janet, 235Cissia, 252Cithaerias pireta, 136, 137Cithaerias, 136, 137Clade, 87, 115, 220Cladistic analysis, 26Clarke, John Frederick Gates (Jack), 166–170Clarke, Sir Cyril, 21, 125, 224

262 Index

Classey, Eric, 224Clench, Harry K., 61, 247Climate change, 82, 84, 105, 118, 123, 188,

220, 224, 227, 234, 248, 249, 255Climate, 38, 67, 80, 114, 219, 223, 248Cloud forest, xi, xii, 66, 67Cockroaches, 11, 145, 209Coevolution, 66, 250, 251Coleoptera, 42, 206Coley, Lissy, 22Colias boothii, 243Colias, 249,256Collecting, xii, 4, 26, 36, 41, 46, 52, 60,

62–66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 79, 81, 93, 112, 120, 121, 151–153, 158, 165, 173, 175–178, 205, 207, 208, 210, 215, 227, 228, 231, 237–238, 241, 243, 249, 254

Collections, xi, 7, 26, 41, 66, 73, 129, 152, 156, 159, 165, 166, 171, 181, 207, 208, 234, 250

Collinsia, 198Colombia, 33–36, 93Colorado State University, 6Colorado, 7, 52, 231, 237, 240, 243, 249, 255,Community ecology, 32, 36, 81, 107, 109, 255Comparative morphology, 19, 23, 25Compsilura concinnata, 244Connecticut, 93Conservation ecology, 233Conservation, 7, 14, 81, 86, 120, 129, 162,

193, 207, 208, 232–234, 239, 247, 250, 255

Conwy, 223Copper Creek Valley, CO, 256Copper Lake, CO, 233Copper, 188, 231Copper, Bronze, 232Copper, Mariposa, 239Coral Harbour, Southampton Island, 242–243Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica, 136Cordillera Central de los Andes, Colombia, 35Cornell University, 55, 68, 107, 109–110, 166,

168Cosmopterigidae, 169Costa Lima, Angelo Moreira da, 206Costa Rica, ix, xi, xiii, 24, 59, 66, 70, 74–76,

96, 129, 135–137, 140–142, 145, 152, 170, 176, 254, 255

Cothill, Berkshire, England, 72Cougar, 51, 54Covell, Charles, 120Crambidae, 156Crematogaster, 43Creosotebush, 36

Cressida cressida, 249Crested Butte, CO, 232Creuddyn,Wales, 223Cross, Earl, 245Croton bilbergianus, 137Croton, 138Crow, Peter, 222Cryptic biodiversity, 123Cryptic species, 104, 118, 123, 128, 224Ctenidae, 101Culex macfiei, 214Curetis saronis, 44Curetis, 44Cycad, 70d’Abrera, Bernard, 25

DD’Almeida, Romualdo Ferreira, 206Daily, Gretchen, 254Danaus plexippus, 86, 192, 235Dapporto, Leonardo, 223Darwin, Charles, 20, 23, 29, 53, 165Dasyophtalma vertebralis, 207Database, 108Dataclysm, 228Davis, Donald (Don), 164, 166, 168DDT, 67, 91, 245De Benedictis, John A., 152, 155de Bienzanko, Ceslau Maria, 206de Grey, Lord Thomas (sixth Baron

Walsingham), 165Deganwy, Wales, 223Dempster, Jack, 233Denver, CO, 231, 232Derbyshire, England, 228Dermatoglyphics, 213, 224Descent with modification, 23Dethier, Vincent, 5, 109Devensian, 220, 223Devon, England, 214–216, 237 DeVries, Phil, 23, 26, 71, 142, 145–147Diamond, Jared, 250, 254Diapause, 5, 33, 61, 83, 84, 115, 152, 156–158Dichomerinae, 169Dietz IV, Robert, 153Dilkea, 24, 25Dingle, Caroline, 142Diniz, Ivone Rezende, xiDiptera, 42, Dipteryx panamensis, 137Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 72, 243Dolichoderus thoracicus, 43Dove Valley, Derbyshire, England, 228Doyen, John T., 153, 155

Index 263

Dracaena, 17Drepanidae, 235Dry Falls State Park, WA, 235Dryadula, 65Duarte, Marcelo, 208 Duffey, Eric, 233Dulas Valley, Wales, 220, 221, 223Dune Lakes, San Luis Obisbo CO., CA, 154Dung beetle, 81Dunn, Casey, 142Durango, Mexico, 152Durham (UK), 224Durham University, 217, 223–225, 227Dyar, 166Dyer, Lee, 210Dynastor darius, 98, 99

EEcosystem, vi, 207, 210Ectatomma ruidum, 138Ecuador, xi, xii, xiii, 24, 25, 65, 141, 142, 146,

147 Edwards, William Henry, 243, 255Ehrlich, Anne Howland, 192, 246–250, 253,

256 Ehrlich, Paul R., 6, 32, 66, 74–76, 82, 87, 109,

141, 192, 199, 232Elder, box, 14Eliot, Lt. Col. John, 26Ellis, Scott, 233Elton, Charles, 249Emden van, Helmut, 5, 224Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 105 Emmel, Tom, 76Endemism, 33Engen, Steinar, 143England, 25, 73, 106, 116, 165, 190, 197, 209,

218, 219, 228, 233, 234, 249English Channel, 215, 219Epiblema rudei (Tortricidae), 153Epinephele lycaon, 80Erddig Hall, Wrexham, Wales, 214Erebia epipsodea, 236Erebia fasciatak avinoffi, 256Erebia mackinleyensis, 256Erebia magdalena, 233, 239Erebia rossii kuskoquima, 256Erebia rossii, 243Erebia, 241, 245, 256Erebidae, 99Establishment, 86Ethmia (Depressariidae), 152, 153Ethmia charybdis, 153Ethmiids, 152

Eucereon latifascia, 99Eudecatoma, 157Eueides, 65Eumaeus deborah, 70Eunica, 65Euphorbiaceae, 137Euphydryas editha, 74, 82, 248, 252Euphydryas eitha bayensis, 244 Euphydryas gillettii, 249Euphydryas phaeton, 4, 5, 254Euphydryas, 5, 74, 199, 249, 252Euptychia westwoodi, 252Euptychia, 252Eurytomidae, 157Eustema opaca, 211Exeter University, Exeter, England, 215Extinction threshold, 86Extinction, 28, 80, 81, 83–86, 123, 228, 232,

233

FFabaceae, 137Fascista cercerisella, 183Fecal throwing, 148Feeny, Paul, 55, 107, 122Fenton, Jane, 234Fer-de-lance, ix, 70Ferguson, Douglas, 168Ferreira, Romualdo D’Almeida, 206Ferri, Mario Guimarães, 19Ferro, Viviane, 208 Field, William D., 32Fieldwork, 6, 22, 24, 25, 28, 49, 71, 73, 76,

83, 120, 135, 138, 142–144, 145, 147, 165, 170–171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 192, 195, 207, 213, 226, 238

Filho, José Oiticica, 207Finca La Selva, Costa Rica, 75 Finca Las Cruces, Costa Rica, 75Finca Murillo, Costa Rica, 175Finland, 80, 82, 85, 188–190 Fisher, Ronald, 20, 72Flightless female, 154, 222Flightless moths, 134, 151, 153–155, 159 Florida Canyon, AZ, xiiFlorida, 3, 57, 115Flos apidanus, 43Flos fulgida, 43Flos, 43 Fogg Jr., John M., 244Foping National Nature Reserve, 235Ford, E. B., 66, 71–73, 217–220, 224, 227Fordyce, Jim, 143Foster, Robin, 144

Index264

Fox, Harold, 103Fraenkel, Gottfried, 5Fragmented landscape, 83, 87Francini, Ronaldo Bastos, 208 Franclemont, John, 107, 168, 169Freeman, H. A., 60Freeman, Tom, 241Fregela semiluna, 211 Freitas, André V. Lucci, 27, 208Fresno, CA, 195, 197, 198Fritillary butterfly, Glanville, 81–83, 85–87,

188, 190Fritillary butterfly, Marsh, 200Fritillary, Gulf, 62Fritillary, Heath, 237Fritillary, Regal, 32Fritillary, Silver-bordered, 232 Front Range, CO, 232Fruit-feeding, 140, 142, 143Fungi, mutualistic, 7Funk, Chris, 142Futuyma, Doug, 22

GGaillardia, 91Gall-inducers, 179Gap Analysis, 234Gara, Robert, 233Garden Tigers, 216Garza Cocha, Ecuador, 141–142Gecko, 95, 121Gecko, forest, 95Gelechia, 179Gelechiidae, 168, 169, 175, 178–182, 184Gelechioidea, 153, 166, 168, 181Gene flow, 105Generalist (trophic), x, 16, 83, 108–110, 128,

209, 210Genetic introgression, 105, 128Genetics, 19–22, 52, 70–72, 80, 220Genitalia, 20, 27, 32, 33, 163, 164, 166, 178,

180, 181, 191, 201Genome, 86, 87Gentry, Al, 144Geometridae, 123, 155Gilbert, Christine, 75, 76Gilbert, Larry, 22, 24, 191, 192, 199, 242, 252,

253Gillham, Nick, 244Giuliani, Derham, 154, 155Glaciation, 115, 218–220Glan Conwy, 222Glaucopsyche lygdamus, 252Glaucopsyche xerces, 233

Glaucopsyche, 256Godman, 165Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 153Gombe, 252, 253, 255Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 66–70Gomez, Luis Diego 135, 141Goodall, Jane, 252Gothic, CO, 232, 233Gracillariidae, 159Grant, Verne, 20Graphium macleayanus macleayanus, 123Graphium macleayanus moggana, 123Graphium marcellus, 255Grazia, Jocélia, 19Great Lakes region, North America, 115, 116,

118Great Orme’s Head, 218–222Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 170,

175Greeney, Harold 141, 142Green-veined White, 226Greig, Nancy, 23Grotan, Vidar, 143Grout, Charlotte Bailey, 106, 112–114Guanacaste Conservation Area, xiiGuerra, Rodney, 142Guerrero, Mexico, 152Guilford, CT, 91–92Gulf of Finland, 85Gusaneros, xii, xvGutierrezia, 153Gyllenberg, Mats, 81

HHaber, Bill, 144Habitat destruction. See conservationHabitat loss, 128, 159, 232Habitat, 3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 66, 81–83, 86, 139,

178, 179, 189, 224, 227, 229, 234, 235, 238, 249, 255

Hairstreak, 43, 68, 247Hairstreak, great purple, 62Haldane, J.B.S., 20Hall, E. Raymond, 246Hallwachs, Winnie, x, 96Hamadryas iphthime, 100Hamadryas, 65Hamburg, David, 252Hammer, Bill, 244, 248Hammond, Paul, 239Hanski, Ilkka, 189, 244Harbison, Charles F., 151Hardy, Peter B., 229Harrison murder, 67, 70

Index 265

Harrison, Frank, 66–67Hartington, Derbyshire, 228Hasbrouck Insect Collection, Arizona State

University, 184Hatch, Melville, 233Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 129Hayward, Kenneth, 38Heath, John, 233Heliconia latispatha, 100Heliconiine, 23, 24, 65Heliconiini, 23, 26Heliconius charithonia, 64Heliconius erato, 253Heliconius ethilla, 242, 252Heliconius ismenius, 68Heliconius melpomene, 86Heliconius, 19, 22, 23, 25, 64, 65, 71, 76, 199,

224, 252Heliocarpus, 97Heliodinidae, 154Helsinki, Finland, 81–82Hemileuca, 51, 54Heraclides hectorides, 21Herbivore-plant interactions, 14Herbivory, 14Herrera, Jose, 32, 36, 38Heslop-Harrison, J. W., 218, 219Hesperia, Ecuador, 65Hesperiidae, 27, 140Hesperoyucca whipplei, 156Heswall, Cheshire, England, 214Hewes, Laurence Ilsley, 231Hill, Ryan, 142Hilltopping, xi, 123Hinton, Howard, 20Hipparchia fagi, 191Hipparchia semele thyone, 220, 222Ho Chi Minh Trail, 46Hodges, Elaine, 169Hodges, Ronald (Ron), 168, 169, 175, 179Holdren, Cheri, 249Holdren, John, 249Holdridge, Les, 75Holland, W. J., 3, 63, 231, 237, 243Holm, Dick, 247Holocene, 219, 220, 223Hop tree, 117Hope Collections, 73host plants, 4, 5, 22–24, 36, 44, 59, 60–64,

77, 82–84, 109, 110, 123, 146, 200, 210, 232, 234

Hosta, 91Hovanitz, William, 65

Hovore, Frank, x–xiiHowarth, Grahame, 233Hudson Bay, 242, 243Hughes, Sally, 234Hurricane Katrina, 26Hutton, Angus, 234Hyalophora, 109Hybrid speciation, 115, 129hybrids and hybridization, 18, 93, 95,

104–105, 113, 114, 118, 128Hylephila phyleus, 41Hymenoptera, 42, 206Hypolycaena erylus, 44Hyponephele lycaon, 80Hypsochila, 37

IIlam, Derbyshire, 228Inbreeding, 81, 85, 189–191Inga, 69Insects on stamps, 116, 117, 120Instituto Miguel Lillo, National University of

Tucuman, Argentina, 36 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia

(Brazil), 24Inuit, 242, 243Invasive species, 14, 126, 170Inverness, Marin Co., CA, 152Ireland, 220, 224Iridoid glycosides, 5–7, 83Irises, 91Iserhard, Cristiano Agra, 208 Island biogeography, 81, 224Islands, 59, 82–86, 112, 113, 115, 152, 154,

224, 227, 254Isles of Scilly, 73

JJae, Ray, 231, 232Janzen, Daniel (Dan), x, xii, 70, 96Jasper Ridge, Stanford, CA, 76, 82, 87,

247–249, 252, 255Jatun Sacha Biological Station (Ecuador), 25,

141Jeffers, Jack, 231Johnston, Marshall, 66Jones Creek, TX, 58, 60Jordan, Karl, 20, 170Joshua Tree National Monument, CA, 153Jost, Lou, 143Junonia coenia, 6

Index266

KKabila, Laurent, 253Kain, Doug, 52Kaminski, Lucas Augusto, 208 Kangwon National University, South Korea,

176, 177Kansas, 245, 246Kendall, Roy O., 60Kettle, D. S., 214Kettlewell, Bernard, 71Kierkegaard, Soren, 31Killingworth, CT, 91, 93, 101Kindrogen Lodge Field Centre, Scotland, 219Kingdom of Mu, 53Kings Canyon National Park, CA, 188, 197 Klots, Alexander B. (Bill), 3, 20, 63, 231, 233,

237Knapp, Sandy, 25Koeberlinia, 59Kolana ergina, 211Kricogonia, 59Kristensen, Niels, 26, 27Kuussaari, Mikko, 83Kyle Canyon, Spring Mountains, Clark Co.,

NV, 157

LLa Joya de Salas, Mexico, 68–70La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, 140,

175, Labine, Pat, 74, 249Lagniappe, 139Lande, Russ, 27, 142, 143Lantana, 64Lao People’s Democratic Republic (LPDR),

41, 42Laos, 41, 45, 46LaPierre, Louis, xLarval feeding stimulants, 5Larval morphology, 41Las Alturas, Costa Rica, 141Lasiommata megera, 226Latitudinal graident, 109, 123Lauca National Park, Chile, 35 Lauraceae, 109Leach, William, 213, 227, 243Leaf mine, 156Leaf miner, 156, 179Leaf miner, tomato, 179Leaf rollers, 179Leaf shelter, 43, 146, 147Leaftiers, 179, 184Lederhouse, Bob, 127Leeches, 124

Lees, Frank Henry, 215, 216, 229Lemuria, 53, 54Leningrad, 71Leopold, Aldo, 114, 255Lepesqueur, Cintia, 210, 211Lepidium, 36Lepidoptera, vi, xi–xiii, 6–8, 11, 13, 15, 27,

32, 41, 42, 80, 82, 87, 91, 96, 98, 109, 111, 114, 115, 120, 122, 127, 129, 135, 152, 164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 175, 178, 182, 184, 205, 208–210, 213, 216, 222, 232, 233, 237, 247, 255

Lepidopteran pests, 127, 170, 176, 179, 187Lepidopterists’ Society, 155, 165, 170,

232–233, 238, 241, 244, 247, Lepidopterists, 8, 32, 49, 54, 60, 78, 80, 83,

85, 87, 103, 105, 134, 150, 162, 165–166, 185, 203, 205, 207, 212, 215, 220, 223, 231–232, 238, 241

Leptidea, 224Lethe albolineata, 255Lethe portlandica, 64Letourneau, Deborah, xiiiLeucanella memusae, 211 Levins, Richard, 81Lewinsohn, Thomas, 22, 122Lewontin, Dick, 249Libytheana bachmanni, 63 Life history strategy, 158Lilies, 91Lima, Costa, 206Lincoln, David, 6Linneaus, Carl, 107, 117Lithariapteryx elegans, 154Little Orme’s Head, Wales, 218Lizard, horned, 59 Local extinction, 83–86, 232Louisiade Archipelago, 237Love-in-a-mist, 91 Lupine, 252Lycaena mariposa, 239Lycaenidae, 19, 41–43, 45, 136, 140, 246, 252Lycia zonaria, 222Lyside, 59, 61Lysinger, Mitch, 146

MMacArthur, Robert H., 33, 81Macfie, J. W. S. (Jack), 214Machimia tentoriferella, 179Mackie, R. A., 156MacNeill, Don, 152Maculinea arion eutyphron, 233Maidencombe, Devon, England, 215

Index 267

Malaria, 42, 45, 254Mallet, James (Jim), 25, 74Malvaceae, 97Mamancanaca Valley, Colombia, 34, 35Manaus (Brazil), 24Manchester Grammar School, 225Manchester, England, 225, 226, 228Maniola jurtina, 71, 73, 226Maple, 67, 115, 140Marbled White. See “White, Marbled”Marini-Filho, Onildo João, 208 Mariposa, 152, 232, 235, 239Marks, Peter, 109Marpesia, 76Marquis, Robert (Bob), 22, 210Martin, Paul, 65–67Martinez, Edda, 178Mast, Christine, 74Masters, John, 234Mayr, Ernst, 20, 243McBride Springs National Forest campground,

CA, 49, 53McBride, Lindy, 197McCormick, Jack, 32McFarland, Noel, 247McHarg, Ian, 32McQuillan, Peter, 123McWhirter, Kennedy, 73Meadow Brown butterfly, Dusky, 80, 87Meadow Brown, 73, 226Medina Hay-Roe, Mirian, 23Megalopygidae, 100Melitaea cinxia, 82, 190Mellichamp, Larry, 144Membracidae, 93Merchant, A. J., 220Merton, Thomas, 114Mesoscia dumila, 100Metabolites, secondary, 7Metapopulation, 79, 81–87, 244Metcalfe, J., 163Mexico, xii, 16, 38, 60, 61, 65–67, 70, 74, 76,

93, 107, 116, 122, 150, 152, 169, 174, 237, 246, 255

Meyrick, Edward, 163, 166Michaelis, Hugh, 222, 223, 225, 229Michener, Charles (Mich), 241, 245, 246Michoacán, 237Microlepidoptera, 151, 153, 154, 163–171,

174, 177–179, 181, 206, 233Micromoths, 173, 174, 177, 184–185Midway Islands, 59Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrick, 21, 207

Migration, 61, 63, 224, 235, 238Miles-Moss, Rev. Arthur, 25Miller, Alden, 33Miller, Bill, 247Miller, Jim, xiMiller, W. E., 152Milwaukee Public Museum, 26Mimicry, 7, 20, 42, 70, 73, 74, 118, 126, 235,

253Mississippi Entomological Museum, 178Mississippi State University, 182Moffett, Thomas, 117Mojave Desert, 153, 157Monarch, 86, 127, 128, 188, 232, 235, 237,

238, 244Monarch, Truk, 255Monks Wood Experimental Station, 233Monochroa cytisella, 183Montpellier, France, 188, 191, 197Morais, Ana, 120Morales, Nicholas, 66, 68Moreira, Gilson R. P., 208Morpho peleides, xiiiMorpho, 26, 65, 68, 74, 254 Morris, Michael, 233Mosquito, 13, 14, 18, 35, 96, 97, 138, 165,

214, 238, 254, 256Moth Photographers Group (MPG), 181Moth, Angoumois grain, 179Moth, bathroom, 96, 97Moth, brown-tail, 244Moth, cecropia, 244Moth, Death’s Head Hawk, 216Moth, Eyed Hawk, 216Moth, flightless. See FlightlessMoth, gypsy, 14, 126, 127Moth, Hemileuca. See HemileucaMoth, light brown apple, 151Moth, luna, 11, 237Moth, potato tuber, 179Moth, Privet Hawk, 216Moth, prodoxine, 152Moth, promethea, 244Moth, tiger, xi, 72, 151Moth, winter, 153–155Moth, yucca, 152, 156, 157Mount Shasta, California, 49, 51–54Mountain lion, 50–54Mounting, 164, 173, 174, 178, 241Mourning Cloak, 231Mullein-pink, 91Murphy, Dennis, 255Museo Nacional, Costa Rica, 135

Index268

Museu Anchieta, 19, 28Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University, 95Museum, xi, 6–8, 11, 19, 20, 26, 28, 57, 60,

77, 81, 93, 138, 140, 152, 158, 166, 207 Mutualism, 42

NNabokov, Vladimir, xi, 135, 236Nant-y-Gamar, Wales, 218Nasturtium, 91Nathalis iole, 239National Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Museum (UFRJ), 206, 207National Museum of Natural History (USMN),

153, 164, 165, 168–170National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MURJ),

206National Science Foundation (NSF), 6, 106,

127Natural enemies, 14, 148Natural history, 4–5, 7, 19, 27, 28, 57, 59, 63,

70, 83, 107, 128, 149, 151, 206, 216, 239, 255

Nault, Skip, 122Nelson, Craig, 65Neotropical forest, 27, 69Neotropics, 64, 66, 93Neruda aoede, 24, 25Nevada Test Site, 153Nevada, 255New Jersey Pine Barrens, 32New Jersey, 12, 14, 254, 255New York State, 105, 106, 113–116, 118New York, xi, 11–13, 58, 91–93, 241Nieminen, Marko, 83Nigella damascena, 91Nishida, Ritsuo, 125Noctuidae, 4, 32, 108North American Butterfly Association, 8Northern Insect Survey, 241Nueces River, TX, 58Nutritional ecology, 108, 129Nye, Bill, 77Nymphalidae, 4–5, 94, 97, 99, 100, 137 Nymphalids, 140Nymphaline ground plan, 71Nymphaline, 68

OOakley Hall, Market Drayton, Shropshire,

England, 214Ochlodes sylvanus, 226Odontiinae, 159

Oecophoridae, 169Oecophylla smaragdina, 44, 45Oecophylla, 44, 45Oeneis, 256Oliveira, Evandro, 23Oliver, Fredrick Spencer, 53Olivieri, Isabelle, 191Olympia Marble, 232Onore, Giovanni, xiOperophtera, 155Opler, Paul A., 152, 156, 234, 235Opsiphanes cassia, 251Opuntia, 91Orange-tip, 216, 226, 228Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), 66,

70, 75, 76Origins, 105, 108, 113, 118, 193, 223–225,

228Orthosia hibisci, 32Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, 70Osario, Juan, 70Osborne, Fairfield, 254Oso Flaco sand dunes, San Luis Obisbo Co.,

CA, 154Ostrinia nubilalis, 115Otero, Luiz Soledad, 120, 207Owen, Denis, 224Oxford University, 66, 71, 74, 81, 107, 218,

225, 233Oxford, England, 73, 81Oxytenidae, 100Oxytenis modestia, 99Oxytenis naemia, 100

PPainted Lady, 4Panama, 24, 65, 70, 93, 97, 100, 101,

138–139, 165, 255Panaxia dominula, 72Papilio appalachiensis, 104Papilio canadensis, 104–105Papilio eurymedon, 236Papilio glaucus canadensis, 104Papilio glaucus glaucus, 123Papilio glaucus, 4, 107, 111, 116, 117, 119,

122Papilio hectorides, 21Papilio machaon aliaska, 255Papilio machaon oregonia, 236Papilio multicaudatus, 236Papilio polyxenes, 58, 60Papilio pyrrha, 19Papilio rutulus, 124Papilio scamander, 122

Index 269

Papilio troilus, 109, 120, 122Papilio turnus, 107, 118Papilio zelicaon, 236Papilio, 103–104, 107, 111, 113, 115, 118,

122, 124, 127, 256Papilionidae, 109, 120, 123, 140, 249Papilionoidea, ixPapua New Guinea (PNG), 234Paradichlorobenzene (PDB), 231, 244Paraponera clavata, ixParasitoid, 7–8, 15, 84–85Parasitoid, braconid, 83–84Parasitoid, tachinid, 44, 244Parasitoid, wasps, 157Parasitoid-host interactions, 14Park, Kyu-Tek, 178Parmesan, Camille, 188–191, 193–194,

196–198 Parnassius eversmanni, 255Parnassius glacialis, 235Parnassius, 243, 249Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, 136Passiflora adenopoda, 65Passiflora, 23, 24Pathogen, 7, 8Patrick, Ruth, 244Patterson, Bob, 181Paulus, Trina, 114Peacock, 226Pearson, Henry Richard, 207Peccary, collared, ix, 59Penz, Carla, 144Penzance, 73Peppergrass, 36Periplaneta americana, 95Perry, Don 140Peters, T. Michael, 13Phenotypic plasticity, 36Phereoeca allutella, 97Phigalia, 155Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 32Phobetron hipparchia, 211 Phoneutria boliviensis, 101Phyllocnistis populiella, 156Phylogeny, 23, 26–27, 164, 184, 208, 245Phylogeography, 33Pickering, John, 95Pierce, F., 163Pierid, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 75, 140Pieris “napi” oleracea, 33Pieris napi, 33, 226Pieris rapae, 255Pieris virginiensis, 33Pikku Tytärsaari (PT), 85

Piñas Rubio, Padre Franisco, xiPinning, 120, 173, 174, 176, 178, 181, 185Pinto, John, 154Plant, Colin, 215Plantaginaceae, 4, 5, 250Plantago lanceolata, 82Platycerium alcicorne, 19Plaumann, Fritz, 206, 207Plebejus argus caernensis, 220, 222Pleistocene, 33, 115, 116, 219Plotkin, David, 178Plummers Island, 167, 169, 170Podocarpus, 67Podotricha telesiphe, 24, 25Pogue, Mike, 166Point Reyes, CA, 153Pollard, Ernie, 233Pollinator, 7Polyommatus icarus, 226Pontia protodice, 32Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,

xiiPoole, Robert, 168Population viability, 86, 87Port wine glasses, 165Portulaca, 91Poulton, E. B., 73Poveda, Luis, 144Powell, Jerry, 49, 234Predation, ix, 253Predator, ix, 7, 8, 42, 50, 54, 83, 138, 209Prepona laertes, 68, 69Preston, Floyd, 256Preston, June, 256Price, Peter, 209, 210Prince Phillip, 73Prodoxids, 156Prodoxus cinereus, 156Prodoxus y-inversus, 157Prodoxus, 156–158Prolonged diapause, 152, 156Proteaceae, 210Prusiner, Stan, 53Pseudodirphia eupanamensis, 100Pseudosphinx tetrio, 3Ptelea trifoliata, 117Puna, 35, 37, 38Purple Emperor, 216, 237Pyle, Thea Linnaea, 234

QQinLing Mountains, China, 235Quaternary, 220, 224Queen Elizabeth, 73

Index270

Querci, Orazio, 32Quercus agrifolia, 156Quintero, Diomedes, 96

RRab Green, Suzanne, xiRabbitbrush, 235Racism, 242, 246Rancho Cielo, 66, 68, 74Ranunculus, 159Rapoport, Eduardo, 38Raven, Peter, 66, 109, 250Raw, Anthony, 209Recolonization, 86Redbud, 183Redfield, James, 114Refuges, 219, 220, 224Rego Barros, Alfredo Rei do, 206, 207Rehn, James A. G., 244Reis, Roberto, 21Reliquia santamarta, 33–35Remington, Charles, 232–234, 249Remington, Eric, 233Resource-based habitat, 227Rhapis, 17Rhos-on-Sea, Wales, 218, 219, 221Rhyacionia (Tortricidae), 152Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, 208Riley, C. V., 156Rio Comadante, Mexico, 67Riodinidae, 27, 136–141Roach, American, 95, 96Robbins, Robert (Bob), 137, 166Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory

(RMBL), 232, 233, 243, 249, 252, 254, 256

Rodriguez, J. G., 108Roelofs, Wendell, 107Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, 120, 208Root, Richard, 107Roses, 91Rosy Footman, 216Roupala montana, 210Rowton Hall, Chester, England, 214Royal Family, 73Rubinoff, Dan, 51Rude, Paul, 152Russia, 37, 39, 80, 85Rutaceae, 117

SSackler, Arthur M., 16Saether, Bernt-Erik, 143

Saliana, 149Salix nigra, 14Salsola, viiSalvin, 165San Bernard River, TX, 60, 64San Diego Natural History Museum, 151San Diego, CA, 156, 170, 194San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 65, 76Sanderson, Ivan, 65Sandia mcfarlandi, 247Sandia Mountains, NM, 247Sansevieria, 17Sargent, Ted, 4Sassafras, southern, 123, 124Saturniidae, 98–100, 109–111, 208Satyr, Mitchell’s, 126Satyr, pearly eye, 64Satyr, silver, 239Satyr, white-lined, 235Satyrid, pronophiline, 33Satyrids, 33, Satyrinae, 136, 137, 234, 252Sceptea aequepulvella, 180Schaus, 166Scherrer, Scheila, 210, 211Schlichta, J. Gwen, 15Schmieder, Rudolph (Rudi), 32, 36, 38, 244Schneider, Steve, 254Schwanwitsch, Boris, 71Schwartz, Eric, 142Sclater, Philip Lutley, 53, 54Scoble, Malcolm, 148Scotland, 219Scott, James, 233Scriber, DeBlance, 103, 105, 106, 113, 114Scriber, Mark, 22, 103, 117, 127Scrophulariaceae, 250Scudder, Samuel Hunter, 4, 161, 228, 243, 246Scythrididae, 154Sea levels, 219Seasonal polyphenism, 33, 36Secondary chemistry, secondary metabolites,

6, 14, 108, 109, 138, 157, 250Sequestration of toxic compounds, 5Sequoia National Park, CA, 192Serendipity, 152, 214, 217Serra Bonita, Brazil, 207Sette, Elton, 247, 248Sexual dimorphism, 225Shapiro, Arthur (Art), 107, 109, 213Sharpe, Grant W., 233Sheppard, Philip, 71, 199Shropshire, 214

Index 271

Siderone nemesis, 68Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, 65, 68, 70, 152Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia,

33–35Sierra Nevada, CA, 154, 157, 195 Silberglied, Robert (Bob), 68, 93Silene coronaria, 91Silva, Neuza Aparecida, 210, 211Simonsen, Thomas, 27Simpson, George G., 20Sinaloa, Mexico, 152Singer, Michael C. (Mike), 22, 74–76, 88, 189,

190, 252Sitotroga cerealella, 184Skipper, 60, 62, 146–148, 231, 236Skipper, large, 226Skipper, lawn, 41Skipper, Sonora, 232Slansky Jr., Frank, 108Small population, 81, 83, 85–87Small, Gordon 144Smith, Audrey, 73, 74Smithsonian Institution, 32, 101, 153, 165,

166, 170, 171Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 137,

138Snout butterfly. See “Butterfly, snout”Snowberry, 91 Snowdonia, 219Social paratism, 42Society, 38, 53, 101, 115, 159Sokal, Robert (Bob), 245, 246Solis, Alma, 166Soule, Michael, 250South Korea, 175–177Southampton Island, 241, 242Southeast Asia, 42, 45Southwood, Richard, 21Souza, Clemira, 207Spanish Harlem, NY, 11, 12, 15Specialist (trophic), 6, 82–84, 108–110, 128,

210Speyeria idalia, 32Sphingidae, 151, 169Sphinx moth, 3Sphragis, 249Spider, hunting, 121Spider, wandering, 101Spindasis, 43Srygley, Bob, 23Stanford University, 66, 74–76, 82, 192, 199,

232, 243, 247, 248, 252, 253Stanford, Ray, 234

Stebbins, G. Ledyard, 20Stermitz, Frank, 6Stinging caterpillars, xiiiSubspecies, 104, 118, 123, 128, 219, 220, 244,

246Sulfur, Cloudless, 59 Suomalainen, Esko, 80, 81, 85, 87Suomalainen, Heikki, 85Swainson, William, 116, 117Swallowtail, Anise, 236Swallowtail, Black, 58, 60, 231Swallowtail, Canadian, 118Swallowtail, Eastern Tiger, 118–119Swallowtail, mountain, 104, 116Swallowtail, Mylar-blue Ulysses, 234Swallowtail, Oregon, 236Swallowtail, Pale tiger, 236Swallowtail, Pipevine, 61Swallowtail, South Carolina Tiger, 116Swallowtail, Tiger, 3, 60, 103, 104, 106, 110,

113, 115, 116, 118Swallowtail, Two-tailed Tiger, 236Swallowtail, x, 3, 4, 103, 107, 109, 115, 117,

123, 125, 192, 216, 231Swallowtail, Zebra, 255Sycophila, 157Symphoricarpos albus, 91Systematics. See Phylogeny

TTabanidae, 45Tagore, Rabindranath, 240Talamancas, Costa Rica, 75Tatochila vanvolxemii, 36Tatochila, 32, 33, 36Taylor, Seymour, 68Taylor, Chip (Orley), 111Teleiodini, 178Telemiades antiope, 147, 149Telos, 53Tescalsia giulianiata (Geometridae), 154, 155Texas, 22, 25, 57–59, 60, 61, 63–65, 67, 71,

73, 74, 76, 188, 189, 192, 198Thailand, 42, 44, 45, 47The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 8, 234Thecadactylus rapicaudus, 95Thisbe irenea, 137–139Thisbe, 137–139Thomas, Chris, 88, 202, 223Thomas, Jeremy, 144, 233Thomas, John, 248Thomas, Sue Davidson, 248Thompson, J. Antony, 220

Index272

Thoreau, Henry David, 104, 105, 114, 117, 118, 129

Ticks, 52, 101, 138Tinbergen, Niko, 201Tineidae, 97Tinicum Marshes, PA, 31–33Tirimbina, Costa Rica, 142Tortoiseshell, 188, 231Tortoiseshell, Small, 226Tortricidae, 49, 51, 152, 167, 170Tortricoidea, 166Tortrix viridana, 214Transformations, 159, 220Travassos, Lauro, 206Treehopper, 93Trinidad, 196, 242, 252Tri-trophic level interactions, 14, 22Troides brookiana, 250Tropaeolum majus, 91Trophallaxis, 42Tropic levels, 7Tufto, Jarle, 143Turnbull, Alexander, 116Turnbull, Chris, 249Turner, John, 71, 144Turtlehead, 4, 5Tvarminne, Finland, 189, 190Twitty, Victor, 247

UUehara-Prado, Márcio, 208Uiraçu Research Center, 207Underwing, white, 237Underwood, Richard, 223, 229United States Department of Agriculture

(USDA), 8, 122, 126, 127, 165, 166, 168, 171

Universidad de Panama, 96University of Brasília (Universidade de

Brasília), Federal District, Brasília, Brazil, 208–210

University of California, Berkeley, 158, 170, 178,

University of California, Davis, 33, 36, 197University of Chile, 32University of Helsinki, 80University of Kansas, 70, 245–247University of New Orleans, 26University of Oregon, 26, 141University of Pennsylvania, 31, 244University of Tasmania, 123University of Texas, Austin, 22, 74, 140, 192University of Washington, 233Univoltism, 115Urban biology, 15, 17

VVaca, Jarol, 142Vaconcellos Neto, João, 21Valledupar, Colombia, 34, 35Van Emden, Helmut, 5, 224Van Zandt Brower, Jane, 5, 66Vane-Wright, Richard I. (Dick), 21,25, 218Vargo, Jim, 184Varley, George, 73Vega Chavarria, Gerardo, xiiVeirs, Don, 152Veronica spicata, 82Vertical stratification, 140Virolahti, Finland, 80Vitousek, Peter, 250Vogt, Bill, 254

WWagar, J. Alan, 233Wagner, Warren, 144Wahkiakum County, Washington, 234, 236Wahlberg, Niklas, 27Wakeham-Dawson, Rev. Dr Andrew, 229Wales, 218, 220, 221, 223, 224Walker, Paul, 124Walla, Tom, 142, 146Wallace, Alfred Russell, 20, 29, 74Walsingham glasses, 166, 167, 169–171Walsingham, Lord T. G., 153, 165, 170Warbler, Kirtland’s, 126Warburton, Barbara, 69, 70Washington Biologists’ Field Club, 167,

169–171Washington, D.C., 32, 101, 126, 165, 167,

169–171 207, 255Wasp, braconid, 83, 84Wasp, parasitoid, 157Wasp, solitary, 209Wasp, vespid, 139Wasps, vi, 206, 209, 215Watt, Ward, 249Webster, Fred, 66Webster, Marie, 66Wedge Emtomological Research Foundation,

168–171Wells, Henry, 31, 36, 38West Elk Mountains, CO, 232, 243 Weston, Art, 34White, checkered, 32White, green-veined, 226White, John, 116–117White, marbled, 216Whittaker, Robert, 107, 109Wiklund, Christer, 107Willink, Abraham, 36

Index 273

Willmott, Keith, 98Willow, black, 14Wilmslow, Cheshire, England, 214Wilson, Edward O., 75, 81, 224Winchester Lodge, Torquay, 216Winter moths. See “Moth, winter”Wood Nymph, 232Wood, Tom, 122World War II, 166, 214, 254, 255Worthington, Andrea, 95Wyethia angustifolia, 156Wyoming, 239, 249

XXedon (Don River), Saravane Province, Lao

People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) aka Laos, 41, 42, 45–47

Xerces Society, 8, 233, 238, 239

YYale University, 232–234Yellow, Clouded, 216Yucca baccata, 157Yucca whipplei, 156Yucca, 152, 156–158

ZZemblanity, 214Zeta argillacea, 209Zizula hylax, 253