Index

Greek Lettersp0decay, 8, 22, 32, 62c-ray

binary, 96, 110, 313cross section, 148detection, 185lines, 4, 182

3C 454.3, 240, 259, 266, 270, 346

AActive galactic nuclei. See AGNADAF, 70AGILE, 6, 228, 231, 316AGN, 156, 200, 234, 244, 254–256, 258

blazar. See BlazarBL Lac object, 261FSRQ, 259, 312, 345

Altarelli Parisi evolution, 159AMANDA, 167, 169AMS, 181ANTARES, 187Antimatter, 148, 189ASTRO-H, 63, 65, 109Axino, 176Axion, 195, 196

BBaksan, 188BAO, 128, 134Baryon acoustic oscillations. See BAOBaryon–antibaryon asymmetry, 190BATSE, 334Beaming factor, 239, 277

Big bang, 127, 128Blackbody, 266Black hole, 4, 240, 314, 337

Kerr, 341physics, 341primordial, 207, 210Schwarzschild, 240thermodynamics, 209

Blandford–Znajek process, 111, 343, 346Blazar, 7, 10, 21, 228, 231, 244, 254, 257, 259,

263, 278high synchrotron-peaked (HSP), 257low synchrotron-peaked (LSP), 257, 264misaligned, 317

BLR, 257, 264, 272Bohm approximation, 305Boltzmann equation, 202Bose–Einstein statistics, 136Branching ratio, 184Bremsstrahlung, 4, 22, 28, 158, 184, 298, 303

cross section, 29, 30internal, 183

Broad line region. See BLR

CCascade

electromagnetic, 24–26, 42, 48hadronic, 48radiation, 168, 282, 285

Central molecular zone, 71Chandra, 19, 62, 229, 253, 300Chandrasekhar mass, 247Cherenkov

radiation, 11

F. Aharonian et al., Astrophysics at Very High Energies,Saas-Fee Advanced Course 40, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36134-0,� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

357

C (cont.)telescope. See IACT

Cherenkov Telescope Array. See CTACluster of galaxies. See Galaxy clusterCMB, 49, 91, 128, 134, 148, 156, 190, 192,

241, 266, 272, 273, 283polarization, 216

Coannihilation, 142, 184CoGeNT, 198Compton

cross section, 265, 267radiation, 156scattering, 68, 152, 156, 260, 264

COS-B, 230, 314Cosmic microwave background. See CMBCosmic Ray, 4, 197, 227, 297, 299

Galactic, 50, 51, 64, 108, 109, 232, 290,294, 296

spectrum, 241ultra-high energy. See UHECR

Cosmological constant, 130, 132, 144, 273Coupling constant, 150CP violation, 196Crab Nebula, 77, 82, 87, 252, 308Cross section, 26, 148, 152

estimate, 149CTA, 9, 20, 56, 65, 93, 199, 229Curvature radiation, 23Cutoff power law, 61, 78, 249, 315

DDAMA/LIBRA, 179, 198Dark matter, 8, 125, 139, 144, 176, 196

KCDM, 201, 327annihilation, 311asymmetric, 195candidates, 193cold, 167, 172, 173density, 176hot, 141particle, 186

Dimensional analysis, 152DMA, 199Doppler

boosting, 254factor, 269

EEBL, 8, 240, 262, 282, 313, 319Eddington luminosity, 240, 271, 345

EGB, 241, 311EGRET, 5, 204, 228, 230–232, 241, 246, 298,

311Einstein equation, 129, 144, 212, 213Electroweak interaction. See InteractionEnergy density, 130, 148Energy–momentum tensor, 130, 135, 139, 146Entropy, 135, 139, 142, 145Equation of state, 130, 138, 144, 145Equipartition, 270, 280Extensive air shower, 17Extragalactic c-ray background, See EGBExtragalactic background light. See EBL

FFermi

acceleration, 276, 304, 337bubbles, 73, 74, 298catalog, 243, 245, 254, 255, 262GBM, 234LAT, 8, 77, 234, 236, 237, 255, 262, 322satellite, 5, 21, 180, 186, 190, 192, 194,

197, 207, 227, 234, 235, 246, 249, 254,258, 291

Fermi-Dirac statistics, 136Feynman diagram, 150, 152, 154Field theory, 145Fine structure constant, 149Freeze-out, 141, 143Friedmann equation, 135, 145

GGalactic center, 14, 15, 66, 70, 71, 186Galaxy cluster, 8, 19, 134, 157, 217, 310GAMMA-400, 183, 204Gamma-ray. See c-rayGamma-ray burst. See GRBGauge choice, 212Gaugino, 173GEANT4, 237GEMS, 230General relativity, 129, 212, 213GEO600, 216Giant molecular cloud, 10, 14, 19Glashow resonance, 162GLAST, 235Globular cluster, 244, 250Gluino, 174, 199Gluon, 127, 159Gould belt, 295

358 Index

Grand unification, 145Gravitational

lensing, 134wave, 212

Gravitino, 196GRB, 4, 10, 21, 156, 227, 231, 276–278, 322,

333, 339luminosity function, 325

HHadron, 158Hadronic model, 55, 59, 156, 278Halo, 177, 181, 183, 185, 205, 281HAWK, 17, 229Hawking radiation, 209HEAT, 180Heaviside function, 266HEGRA, 13HESS, 7, 12, 56, 71, 186, 228, 289Higgs, 171, 172, 179, 194, 195Higgsino, 172–174, 183, 192Hillas criterion, 278, 337Horizon problem, 145HST, 253Hubble

constant, 129, 134expansion, 140, 147parameter, 129, 135, 136, 202, 203time, 145

IIACT, 168, 186, 199

technique, 11, 14, 21IceCube, 167, 169, 187, 189, 197, 229Imaging air Cherenkov telescope, See IACTInflation, 127, 144, 146, 147

field, 145INTEGRAL, 19, 229Interaction

electroweak, 150neutrino, 162strength of, 149strong, 150, 159weak, 151

Intergalactic magnetic field, 281Inverse-Compton, 7

cross section, 42scattering, 22, 42, 45, 47, 84

Inverse-Compton scattering, 299

JJet model

hadronic, 272leptonic, 268

Jet physics, 263

KKaluza-Klein, 195Klein-Nishina

effect, 60, 260formula, 152, 157regime, 43, 45, 80, 87, 157, 264

KM3NET, 169, 187

LLarmor radius, 241, 273, 278, 284, 306Lein-Nishina

regime, 70LEP, 171Lepton, 127Leptonic model, 55, 59, 68, 70Leptophilic model, 156, 194LHAASO, 17LHC, 171, 172, 174, 183, 200Light cylinder, 248LIGO, 216, 229LISA, 216, 230LMC, 308Lorentz

factor, 70, 80, 81, 100, 101, 103, 238, 287,337

gauge, 212invariance, 130

Luminosity density, 333Luminosity distance, 328

MMACRO, 188MAGIC, 7, 12, 79, 186, 228Magnetobremsstrahlung, 23Magnetosphere, 248Majorana, 172, 173, 190, 203Mandelstam variables, 153Maxwell’s equations, 212MCMC, 170Mean-free path, 273Microquasar, 21, 97, 313, 314, 346Microwave background. See CMB

Index 359

MILAGRO, 7, 17, 229Milky Way, 187, 216, 308Minkowski metric, 130MSSM, 171, 172, 174, 179, 192Muon, 176

NN-body, 201, 205Neutralino, 139, 144, 167, 169, 172–177, 183,

187, 192, 203Neutrino, 8, 32, 65, 127, 141, 142, 160, 162,

187atmospheric, 165cross section, 148

Neutron star, 4, 78, 247, 314Nobel Prize, 128, 159, 166, 216Nucleosynthesis, 4, 190, 193NuSTAR, 63, 65, 109, 230

OOscillation length, 164OSO-3, 230

PPair annihilation, 4, 31, 150Pair production

Bethe-Heitler, 23, 24, 28, 47, 50cross section, 29, 30, 45magnetic, 40photon–photon, 42, 45, 47

PAMELA, 180, 181, 190, 192, 194, 298Particle acceleration, 166Parton model. See QCDPeVatron, 7, 53, 58, 60, 65Photino, 172Photo-disintegration, 23, 24, 47, 48Photomeson, 24, 42, 48, 67Photon. See cPhotopair, 272, 273Photopion, 272–275, 281, 339Pierre Auger Observatory, 229Pion, 156

decay. See p0 decayproduction, 296

Planckmass, 131, 133satellite, 148, 190

Plerion, 19, 70Point spread function. See PSFPolarization, 254p–p interaction, 32, 56, 67

Propagator, 150PSF, 231, 233, 238, 252Pulsar, 77, 81, 246, 249

binary, 98magnetosphere, 77, 80millisecond, 78, 200, 244, 246, 250, 312physics, 247, 254

Pulsar wind nebula. See PWNPWN, 7, 10, 70, 77, 81, 87, 92, 94, 109, 246,

251, 308PYTHIA, 182

QQ-balls, 176, 196QCD

parton model, 159running coupling constant, 150, 158

Quantum chromodynamics. See QCDQuark, 127, 159

colour, 160Quasar. See AGN

RRadio galaxies, 10, 244, 257, 313, 317ROSAT, 300

SSaas-Fee particle, 200, 206SAS-2, 230Scalar electrons, selectrons, 132Schwarzschild radius, 133, 208, 240, 346SED, 10, 28, 37, 80, 83, 85, 92, 94, 228, 254,

303Sfermion, 174Sgr A*, 15, 66, 68, 69, 72Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disk, 272Shock acceleration, 26, 39, 48, 51, 85, 300,

304, 307SNR, 7, 10, 19, 51, 52, 56, 59, 63, 108, 156,

227, 244, 299, 300Solar flares, 4Solar system, 291Sommerfeld enhancement, 156, 183, 191, 197,

199South Atlantic Anomaly, 231, 243Spallation, 5Sparticle, 175Spectral energy distribution. See SEDSquark, 174SSC, 261, 262, 318Standard Model, 127, 171, 199

360 Index

Star formation rate, 328Star-forming galaxies, 200, 308Starburst galaxies, 10, 244, 257, 309Strong interaction. See InteractionStructure formation, 142, 161, 203, 204Structure functions, 159Sunyaev–Z’eldovich effect, 157Super–Kamiokande, 188Superbubble, 65Superluminal, 168, 254, 270, 271, 314Supernova remnant. See SNRSupersymmetry, 132, 147, 169–172, 175SUSY. See supersymmetrySuzaku, 19, 229Swift, 229, 331Synchrotron, 23, 36, 86, 181, 261, 276, 278,

307, 337Synchrotron self-Compton. See SSC

TTest statistic (TS), 242Thomson

cross section, 46, 152regime, 43, 45, 80, 264, 265, 286scattering, 152, 284

UUHECR, 229, 241, 321, 337, 340Unruh effect, 209

VVacuum energy, 130–132, 145

Vacuum expectation values, 172Variability time scale, 270VERITAS, 7, 12, 79, 228, 289VIRGO, 216Virtual particle, 150, 176, 209

WW boson, 127, 162, 182Weak coupling constant, 150Whipple, 13, 186White dwarf, 227, 247, 314WIMP, 74, 142, 143, 167, 169, 312

annihilation, 201, 202model, 193

WMAP, 134, 148, 190, 199, 211, 299

XX-ray binary, 7

high-mass, 244, 314low-mass, 314

XENON100, 200XMM-Newton, 19, 62, 229

YYukawa, 159, 191

ZZ boson, 127, 171, 182Zino, 172Zwicky, 217

Index 361