India After India After IndependenceIndependence

India After India After IndependenceIndependence

INDIAN NATIONAL

CONGRESS

Led India to Independence

Becomes the

CONGRESS PARTY

Dominated Indian Politics for most of the time since independence

Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru§ Ally of GandhiAlly of Gandhi§ 11stst Prime Prime

Minister Minister of Indiaof India

§ IndustrializationIndustrialization§ ““Green Green

Revolution”Revolution”§ Introduces Introduces

socialism socialism § Nonalignment Nonalignment

MovementMovement1947-19641947-1964

Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement

Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement

India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”

India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”

§ Introducing Introducing higher-higher-yielding yielding varieties of varieties of seeds in seeds in 1965.1965.

§ Increased use Increased use of fertilizers of fertilizers & irrigation.& irrigation.

§ GOALGOAL - - make make India self-India self-sufficient in sufficient in food grains.food grains.

§ Nehru’s daughterNehru’s daughter§ Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister of India,

1966-1984.1966-1984.– Population control– Bangladesh – Ruled through state

of emergency (censorship, rid opposition parties)

– Assassinated 1984 by Sikh Guards

Indira Indira GandhiGandhiIndira Indira GandhiGandhi

The Conflict with The Conflict with SikhsSikhsThe Conflict with The Conflict with SikhsSikhs

Military Tradition and Conflict

• Developed strong military tradition because of constant attack

• Separatist movement – Punjab region (Sikh majority)– Feel they don’t receive large enough

share of govt. resources– Amritsar (Golden Temple) 1984 – govt.

ordered attack on Sikh protestors (Indira Gandhi)

BACK

1985 - 1989

§Indira’s sonIndira’s son§Congress PartyCongress Party

§Encouraged foreign Encouraged foreign investmentinvestment§Sent Indian troops into Sent Indian troops into Sri Lanka to impose Sri Lanka to impose peace (disastrous)peace (disastrous)

§Assassinated by female Assassinated by female Tamil TigerTamil Tiger§Wife, Sonia, leads Wife, Sonia, leads Congress Party today Congress Party today

Rajiv Gandhi: Rajiv Gandhi: End of a End of a dynasty?dynasty?

Rajiv Gandhi: Rajiv Gandhi: End of a End of a dynasty?dynasty?

Civil War in Sri Lanka

• Tamils – Hindu minority living in Sri Lanka

• 80s – separatists fought Sri Lankan govt. for own state

• Rajiv Gandhi – sent in peacekeeping troops; ended in war between Indian troops and Tamils

BACK

§ India’s first India’s first Sikh Prime Sikh Prime MinisterMinister

§Statesman, Statesman, good recordgood record

Manmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan Singh

May 2004May 2004

Economy• Globalization – technology hub,

outsourcing• Large skilled workforce;

Widespread rural poverty/illiteracy

• ¼ of econ. Dependent on agriculture

• World’s largest film industrySociety

• Overpopulation – • Hindu/Muslim tension

• Caste bias - discrimination against untouchables

continues Politics

• tension with Pakistan (Kashmir, nukes)

India Today

The Conflict’s Colonial Roots

• 1947 – both I & P claim princely state of Jammu/Kashmir

• Majority Muslim state; ruled by line of Hindu princes

• India said it was secular

• War - UN negotiated cease fire in ‘48

Kashmir Slideshow- Steve Coll

The Mumbai Attack

• Pakistani terrorist group backing the country’s claim to Kashmir

• Reignited India-Pakistan dispute over the region

November 2008 - Gunmen targeted at least seven sites in Mumbai, killing at least 101 people and injuring 300.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7752237.stm

Is THIS a possibility??

Honor Killings

• Crimes against women committed by family, clan or community members, in protection of reputation

“The Interior Ministry disclosed in the National Assembly on Thursday that during the last three years of Musharraf regime, over 4,000 women were murdered all over Pakistan, including 1,019 in the name of honour.”

http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=146571

Will Terrorism in Pakistan provide the “spark”?