india, bangladesh, sri lanka & nepalwithersaphuman.weebly.com/.../5/...topics_overview.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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SOUTH ASIA Hot Topics Overview
INDIA
BANGLADESH
SRI LANKA
NEPAL
BHUTAN
PAKISTAN
AFGHANISTAN
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Physical
Geography
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South Asia is a
subcontinent
formed by plate
tectonics
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Globalization & Diversity:
Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
5
Continental Drift
Creation of the Realm
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The South Asia plate that is still moving.
The result is that the Himalaya
Mountains are continuing to be
pushed higher.
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The Himalayas
What is the effect of the mountains on populations in Nepal and Bhutan?
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Rainwater and snowmelt from the
Himalayas form the region’s major rivers
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Monsoons
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Globalization & Diversity:
Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
10
Dry monsoon Wet monsoon
Seasonal shift in the
prevailing wind direction
Monsoons: Seasons
NOT defined by
temperature patterns,
but by precipitation
patterns
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Natural Resources
• Coal and iron in India
• Natural gas in Pakistan and India
• Precious and semi-precious stones, especially in Sri Lanka
• Top resource in the region is arable land
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Economy
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Development Index
HDI Data India Pakistan Bangladesh
Per Capita
GDP
$3,700 $2,800 $1,700
Life
Expectancy
67 66 70
Births per
woman
2.58 3.07 2.55
Infant
Mortality
46 61 49
Literacy Rate 61% 50% 48%
Years
Schooling
10 7 8
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• Less developed to developing status
• Still much subsistence agriculture and cottage industries
• Child labor is an issue
• Growth of service industries such as telecommunications, software, etc.
• Outsourcing of jobs from the US (such as call centers) – Why?
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Labor Costs per Hour
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KEY HISTORICAL IMPACT • Like India, most of the region was a British
colony until 1947. Though there are many regional languages, English is commonly spoken especially for business and government
• When given independence, area was broken into two countries (India & Pakistan)
• Lines were drawn mostly by religion
– Muslim dominated areas became Pakistan
– Hindu dominated areas became India
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Government
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• Another impact of British colonization:
– Democracy is the prevalent form of government—forms include republics, parliamentary, and constitutional monarchy (Bhutan)
– India is the largest democracy in the world
– Pakistan has alternated between democracy and dictatorships—war in neighboring Afghanistan puts great pressure on the government
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Culture
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• Prevalent religions:
• Islam - (Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh)
• Hinduism - (India, Nepal)
• Buddhism - (Bhutan, Sri Lanka)
• Religion has major impact on lifestyles. For example, beef is taboo to most Indians because cattle are sacred in Hinduism
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• Hindus believe in reincarnation, the caste system, & consider the Ganges River to be sacred.
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• Caste System in India:
• Ancient idea that has stayed.
• People born into a level of society.
• Though officially banned, affects jobs, education and social relationships
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• “Bollywood” - Movie making and movie going are much more popular there---average Indian goes to 10 times more movies than Americans
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Regional Issues
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Population: • Region has 1.37 billion people, 1.17 billion of which
live in India
– India is the 2nd largest country by population---has a much higher growth rate than China, so India will eventually be #1.
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• Population density in Bangladesh is about 2,600 per sq mile…80 for USA; 1,035 for India
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Globalization & Diversity:
Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
28
POPULATION DENSITY COMPARISON
United States - Bangladesh
UNITED
STATES
77 people/
sq mile
BANGLADESH
133,000,000
50,300 2,644 people/
sq mile
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Water Pollution and Disease
• 38.5 million lack clean water in Pakistan; millions of wells in Bangladesh have arsenic, estimate 20,000 die annually
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• Bangladesh: in 1970 a massive flood hit East Pakistan that killed 300,000 people
• 8 of the 10 worst natural disasters of the 20th century in terms of death toll were Bengali floods
• http://www.gapminder.org/world/#$majorMode=map$is;shi=t;ly=2003;lb=f;il=t;fs
=11;al=30;stl=f;st=f;nsl=t;se=t$wst;tts=C$ts;sp=2.37806451612904;ti=1970$zpv;v=
0$inc_x;mmid=XCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1jiMAkmq1iMg;by=const$inc_y;mmi
d=YCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj0NpF2PTov2Cw;by=const$inc_s;uniValue=8.21;ii
d=rtESPUlrTyLEoHpURqE8RAg;by=ind$inc_c;uniValue=255;gid=CATID0;by=grp
$map_s;sma=94;smi=2.65$cd;bd=0$inds=;example=64
Floods and Cyclones
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• India-Pakistan Conflict
– Both nations have nuclear weapons, & they are the only neighboring countries in the world that have them that are not allies. This is one of the most serious, potentially violent situations in the world today.
• Islamic militants and war in Afghanistan
– Potential to destabilize the region
– Terrorism, refugees, drug trade
Conflict
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AFGHANISTAN
• Was a U.S. ally in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan trying to take it over.
• In 1994, the “Taliban” took over Afghanistan
• They used a form of Sharia Law that was very extreme, especially in terms of the limitations placed on women’s rights.
• Openly supported al-Qaeda & Osama bin Laden.
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AFGHANISTAN
• Weeks after 9/11, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan with two objectives
– Find al-Qaeda
– Remove the Taliban from power
• Unfortunately, the Taliban has resurfaced in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan in the last few years.
• Have actually convinced Pakistan to allow Sharia Law in certain areas of Pakistan.
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Osama Bin Laden
• Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 by a United States by a team of United States Navy SEALs.
• The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan.
• After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death per Islamic tradition.