india. chapter xv no.: e.69.xiii.2. social...

422 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL QUESTIONS

POPULATION COMMISSION——15TH SESSION

E/4768, E/4768 (Summary) and Corr.l. Report of15th session of Population Commission, 3-14 No-vember 1969 and summary. (For list of documentsbefore Commission, including reports of expertgroups, see Annex III.)

OTHER DOCUMENTS

Methods of Analysing Census Data on Economic Ac-tivities of Population. Population Studies, No. 43(ST/SOA/SER.A/43 and Corr.l). U.N.P. SalesNo.: E.69.XIII.2.

Variables and Questionnaire for Comparative FertilitySurveys. Prepared by Committee on Comparative

Studies of Fertility and Fertility Planning of theInternational Union for Scientific Study of Popu-lation in collaboration with United Nations Secre-tariat. Population Studies No. 45 (ST/SOA/SER.A/45). U.N.P. Sales No.: E.69.XIII.4.

Population Newsletter, Nos. 4-7 (February, May,September, December 1969).

ST/SOA/SER.R/9 (TAO/PAK/28). Report on eval-uation of family planning programme of Govern-ment of Pakistan.

ST/SOA/SER.R/10. Report on United Nations TrustFund for Population Activities and role of UnitedNations in population action programmes.

ST/SOA/SER.R/11 (TAO/IND/50). An evaluationof family planning programme of Government ofIndia.

CHAPTER XV

SOCIAL QUESTIONS

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY

Declaration on Social Progress and Development

On 11 December 1969, the General Assemblyadopted a Declaration on Social Progress andDevelopment and called for national and inter-national action to use it as a common base forsocial development policies.

The President of the General Assembly statedthat, in adopting the Declaration on Social Prog-ress and Development, the Assembly had takena significant step in pursuance of the objectiveof promoting social progress and better stand-ards of life in larger freedom, as set out in theUnited Nations Charter. The Declaration, hesaid, was the first international instrument toprovide clear guidelines not only for social poli-cies but also for the integration of economic andsocial action for the improvement of the socialenvironment and the well-being of the indi-vidual. The President expressed his confidencethat the impact of the Declaration would go farbeyond the period of the Second United Na-tions Development Decade and that its influencewould be felt at both the international and thenational levels for a long time to come.

A draft Declaration on Social Progress andDevelopment was prepared by the Commissionfor Social Development in pursuance of a Gen-eral Assembly resolution of 19 December 1966.1

Following directions given by the Economicand Social Council on 6 June 1967,2 the

Commission completed the draft of the Declara-tion at its nineteenth session (5 February-2March 1968).3 This draft text consisted of apreamble and three parts, dealing, respectively,with principles, objectives, and means and meth-ods. The text was entitled "Draft Declarationon Social Development."

The Economic and Social Council consideredthe draft Declaration at its forty-fourth session(6-31 May 1968) and decided to transmit thetext without modifications, together with obser-vations made during the Council's debate andamendments proposed by various members ofthe Council, to Members of the United Nationsfor their comments and, subsequently, to theGeneral Assembly.4

Later in 1968, the General Assembly's Third(Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) Commit-tee amended the title of the draft Declarationto "Draft Declaration on Social Progress andDevelopment." On 29 October 1968, the Com-mittee unanimously approved the preamble tothe draft Declaration. On 12 November 1968, it

1 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 369-70, text of GeneralAssembly resolution 2215 (XXI).

2 See Y.U.N., 1967, pp. 445-46 and p. 449, text ofEconomic and Social Council resolution 1228(XLII).

3 See Y.U.N., 1968, pp. 491-94.4 Ibid.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 423

approved the text of Part I of the draft (onprinciples) by 90 votes to O, with 1 abstention.On 6 December 1968, the General Assemblydecided to give high priority at its next (1969)session to completion of the Declaration.5

In 1969, the General Assembly's Third Com-mittee approved, between 15 and 22 October,texts of paragraphs for Part II of the Declara-tion, relating to objectives. Between 23 Octoberand 7 November, it approved texts of para-graphs for Part III of the Declaration, relatingto means and methods.

On 7 November 1969, following the adoptionof the last of the individual paragraphs of PartIII, the Third Committee, acting on the pro-posal of the Netherlands, decided to set up aspecial Working Group to rearrange the para-graphs of Parts II and III, with a view tomaking the text clearer and more readable. TheWorking Group was composed of Afghanistan,Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, France, Ja-maica, Japan, Pakistan, Uganda, the UkrainianSSR, the United Arab Republic, the UnitedKingdom and Upper Volta.

On 28 November 1969, the Third Committeeunanimously approved the rearrangement ofthe paragraphs of Parts II and III of the draftDeclaration as proposed by the special WorkingGroup. The Committee then unanimously ap-proved Part II of the draft Declaration as awhole, and, by 77 votes to O, with 14 abstentions,it approved Part III as a whole. On the sameday (28 November 1969), the Third Committee,by roll-call vote, unanimously approved theDeclaration on Social Progress and Developmentas a whole (the preamble, and Parts I, II andIII).

On 11 December 1969, the Assembly adoptedthe Declaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment when agreeing to resolution 2542 (XXIV),by 119 votes to O, with 2 abstentions. Certainarticles were adopted by separate vote precedingthe vote on the resolution as a whole.

A summary of the Declaration as adopted bythe General Assembly follows. (For text, seeDOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.)

SUMMARY OF DECLARATION

PREAMBLE

By the preambular paragraphs to the Decla-ration on Social Progress and Development, the

General Assembly recalled the pledge of Mem-bers of the United Nations under the UnitedNations Charter to take joint and separate ac-tion to promote higher standards of living, fullemployment and conditions of economic andsocial progress and development.

The Assembly, inter alia, reaffirmed its faithin human rights and fundamental freedoms andin the principles of peace, the dignity and worthof the human person and social justice, as pro-claimed in the Charter.

The Assembly expressed its regret that despitethe efforts of States and the international com-munity, inadequate progress had been achievedin the world social situation, and it stressed theneed to speed up social and economic progresseverywhere.

The Assembly expressed its conviction thatinternational peace and security on the onehand, and social progress and economic devel-opment on the other, were closely interdepend-ent. It also made the point that social develop-ment could be promoted by peaceful coexistence,friendly relations and co-operation among Stateswith different social, economic or politicalsystems.

The Assembly acknowledged the pressingneed to narrow and eventually close the gap inthe standards of living between the economicallymore advanced and the developing countries.While it recognized that the primary responsi-bility for the development of the developingcountries rested on those countries themselves,it affirmed that all United Nations MemberStates had the responsibility to pursue internaland external policies designed to promote socialdevelopment throughout the world, and in par-ticular to assist developing countries to acceler-ate their economic growth.

The urgency of devoting to works of peaceand social progress resources currently beingexpended on armaments, conflict and destruc-tion was recognized, as was the contribution thatscience and technology could make to meetingthe needs common to all mankind.

Finally, the Assembly affirmed its belief thatthe primary task of all States and internationalorganizations was to eliminate from the life ofsociety all obstacles to social progress, and in

5 Ibid,


particular the evils of inequity, exploitation, war,colonialism and racism. It was proclaiming theDeclaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment, the Assembly affirmed, desiring to over-come these obstacles and to promote the socialprogress of all mankind.

The following paragraphs briefly summarizea number of the main provisions of the Decla-ration.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Part I of the Declaration (articles 1-9) laiddown the principles to guide social development.

By article 1, all individuals and all peoples—without distinction as to race, colour, sex, lan-guage, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, familyor social status, or political or other conviction—would have the right to live in dignity andfreedom and to enjoy the fruits of social prog-ress, to which they should in turn contribute.

Article 2 stated that social progress and de-velopment were to be founded on respect for thedignity and value of the human person and wereto have as their object the promotion of humanrights and social justice. Also set forth were therequired measures to this end.

Article 3 laid down the following as primaryconditions of social progress and development:(i) national independence, based on the rightof peoples to self-determination; (ii) the prin-ciple of non-interference in the internal affairsof States; (iii) respect for the sovereignty andterritorial integrity of States; (iv) the perma-nent sovereignty of each nation over its naturalwealth and resources; (v) the right and respon-sibility of each State (and as far as they wereconcerned, each nation and people) to deter-mine its own objectives, priorities and meansand methods of social development, in con-formity with the principles of the Charter ofthe United Nations; and (vi) peaceful co-existence, peace, friendly relations and co-opera-tion among States, irrespective of differences intheir social, economic or political systems.

Article 4 affirmed that the family was the basicunit of society, and that parents had the exclu-sive right to determine freely and responsiblythe number and spacing of their children.

Article 5 stated that social progress and de-velopment required the full utilization of hu-man resources and specified a number of meas-ures to ensure this.

Social progress and development, accordingto article 6, required: (i) the assurance to every-one of the right to work and the free choice ofemployment; (ii) the participation of all mem-bers of society in productive and socially usefullabour; and (iii) the establishment of forms ofownership of land and of the means of produc-tion which precluded exploitation of man, en-sured equal rights to property for all and createdconditions leading to genuine equality amongpeople.

Article 7 affirmed, in part, that the rapidexpansion of national income and wealth andtheir equitable distribution among all membersof society were fundamental to social progressand should be in the forefront of the preoccu-pations of every State and Government. Particu-larly stressed were the needs of developingcountries.

Article 8 laid down that each Governmenthad the primary and ultimate responsibility forensuring social progress and planning social de-velopment measures, as part of comprehensivedevelopment plans which should take into ac-count the diversity of the needs of developingand developed areas, and of urban and ruralareas, within each country.

Article 9 made the point that social progressand development were also the concern of theinternational community, which, through con-certed action, should supplement national ef-forts to raise the living standards of peoples. Allnations also had a common interest in the ex-ploration, conservation, use and exploitation,exclusively for peaceful purposes, of those areasof the environment beyond the limits of na-tional jurisdiction, such as the sea-bed and outerspace.

OBJECTIVESPart II (articles 10 through 13) of the

Declaration dealt with the objectives of socialprogress and development. The continuous rais-ing of the material and spiritual standards ofliving of all members of society with respect forand in compliance with human rights and fun-damental freedoms, the Declaration stated, wasto be achieved through the attainment of certainmain goals.

Among the goals listed in article 10 were: theassurance at all levels of the right to work, toform trade unions and workers' associations and

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 425to bargain collectively; the promotion of fullemployment; the establishment of equitable andfavourable working conditions; the assurance ofjust remuneration to ensure a decent standardof living; the protection of the consumer; theguarantee of proper nutrition; the elimination ofpoverty; the equitable distribution of income;the achievement of the highest standards ofhealth protection for the entire population, ifpossible free of charge; the eradication of illiter-acy; free compulsory education at the elemen-tary level and free education at all levels; andthe provision of adequate housing and commu-nity services for all, particularly for persons inlow income groups.

Further goals, listed in Article 11 of theDeclaration, were: the provision of compre-hensive social security and social insuranceschemes and of social welfare services; the pro-tection of the rights of the mother and child,particularly of working mothers; the grantingof pregnancy and maternity leave without lossof employment or wages; the protection of therights and welfare of the aged, the disabled, andthe physically and mentally disadvantaged; theeducation of youth in the ideals of justice, peaceand mutual respect, and the promotion of theirparticipation in national development; the pro-vision of social defence measures and the elimi-nation of conditions leading to crime and de-linquency; the guarantee that all individuals bemade aware of their rights and obligations andreceive the necessary aid in the exercise of theirrights.

Article 12 dealt with the goal of creating con-ditions for rapid and sustained social and eco-nomic development, particularly in the develop-ing countries. It stressed the need for new andeffective means of international co-operation,especially in the economic field, and for theelimination of all forms of discrimination andexploitation, including foreign economic exploi-tation.

The goals listed in Article 13 included theequitable sharing of scientific and technologicaladvances by developed and developing coun-tries; the establishment of a harmonious balancebetween scientific, technological and materialprogress and the intellectual, spiritual, culturaland moral advancement of humanity; and theprotection and improvement of the humanenvironment.

MEANS AND METHODS

Part III (articles 14 through 27) of theDeclaration enumerated various means andmethods for achieving the above objectives.

Among the means and methods to which par-ticular attention was to be paid were the follow-ing: national and regional planning for socialprogress and development, as an integrated partof balanced over-all development planning (ar-ticle 14); the adoption of measures to ensurethe effective participation of all elements ofsociety in the preparation and execution of na-tional plans and programmes of economic andsocial development (article 15); and increasedinvestment in the social and economic fieldsthrough the rational and efficient utilization ofnational resources (article 16).

Article 17 called for the adoption of measuresto accelerate industrialization, especially in thedeveloping countries, as well as for measures toovercome the adverse social effects which mightresult from industrialization and urban develop-ment.

The Declaration further called, in article 18,for the adoption of measures which would: en-sure to all men not only their political and civilrights but also their economic, social and culturalrights; eliminate all forms of discrimination andexploitation; implement democratic agrarianreforms; introduce low-cost housing programmesin both rural and urban areas; and developtransportation and communications.

Article 19 advocated the provision of health,social security and social welfare services to all;and the institution of appropriate measures forthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physicallyhandicapped.

Article 20 called for the provisions of fulldemocratic freedoms to trade unions, the effec-tive participation of trade unions in economicand social development, and the adoption ofmeasures for the development of harmoniousindustrial relations.

Article 21 spelled out various ways to improveand extend the adoption of free general, voca-tional and technical education, including theformulation of policies to encourage the con-structive use of leisure time and to avoid the"brain drain."

Article 22 advocated the development of poli-cies designed to strengthen the essential func-tions of the family, the formulation of pro-


grammes in the field of population, and theestablishment of child-care facilities.

Article 23 noted the need for economic growthrate targets for the developing countries thatwere high enough to lead to a substantial ac-celeration in their growth rates. It also calledfor: more assistance on better terms, includingthe implementation of the aid volume target ofa minimum of 1 per cent of the gross nationalproduct at market prices of economically ad-vanced countries; the easing of terms of lendingto the developing countries, through low interestrates, long grace periods for repayment and theelimination of political considerations; and thefullest possible provision of bilateral and multi-lateral technical, financial and material assist-ance to developing countries, including the ex-pansion of international trade and the generalnon-reciprocal and non-discriminatory system ofpreferences for the exports of developing coun-tries to the developed countries.

Article 24 called for the broadest possibleinternational technical, scientific and culturalco-operation and reciprocal utilization of theexperiences of countries with different economicand social systems and different levels of devel-opment; and the transfer and exchange oftechnology, including know-how and patents, tothe developing countries.

The Declaration, by article 25, also advocatedvarious national and international measures toprotect and improve the human environment.In addition, it urged using the resources of areasbeyond the limits of national jurisdiction to sup-plement national resources available for eco-nomic and social programmes, with specialconsideration being given to the interests andneeds of the developing countries.

By article 26, the Declaration called for com-pensation for damages, whether social or eco-nomic—including restitution and reparations—caused as a result of aggression and of illegaloccupation of territory by the aggressor.

Article 27 urged general and complete disar-mament and the channelling of the progressivelyreleased resources to be used for economic andsocial progress for the welfare of people every-where and, in particular, for the benefit ofdeveloping countries. Measures stressed in thisregard included a ban on the testing of nuclearweapons, a ban on the production and stock-

piling of chemical and bacteriological (biologi-cal ) weapons and the prevention of the pollutionof oceans and inland waters by nuclear wastes.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATIONON SOCIAL PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT

On 11 December 1969, the day that it adoptedthe Declaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment, the General Assembly also took a seriesof decisions aimed at the implementation ofthe Declaration.

The Assembly expressed its strong desire toachieve the effective realization of the provi-sions of the Declaration and to that end it recom-mended that all Governments, in drawing uptheir policies, plans and programmes, shouldtake into consideration the principles, objec-tives and means and methods of the Declaration.

The Assembly decided that the Declarationshould be taken into account in the formulationof the strategy and the implementation of theprogrammes of the Second United Nations De-velopment Decade. It also urged all Govern-ments to take into account the provisions of theDeclaration in their bilateral and multilateralrelations in the field of development, and recom-mended that international organizations andagencies concerned with development considerthe Declaration as an important internationaldocument in the formulation of strategies andprogrammes designed to achieve social progressand development.

In addition, the Assembly requested the Secre-tary-General to arrange, in co-operation withGovernments, the widest possible disseminationof the Declaration. It further asked him to in-form the Assembly of the measures adopted byGovernments and by the international organi-zations concerned for the realization of theprovisions of the Declaration. The Secretary-General was to make these reports in summaryform in annexes to the reports on the worldsituation.

These decisions of the General Assembly wereembodied in resolution 2543 (XXIV), whichwas adopted at a plenary meeting by 117 votesto O, with 1 abstention. The resolution wasadopted on the recommendation of the ThirdCommittee, which had approved the text on 28November 1969, by a vote of 87 to O, with 3abstentions. The text was sponsored in the Third


Committee by India, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, erlands, the United States and Yugoslavia. (ForPeru, Poland, Uganda and Upper Volta, and text of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY REFER-was orally amended by Cyprus, Italy, the Neth- ENCES below.)

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES

GENERAL ASSEMBLY——24TH SESSION

Third Committee, meetings 1661-1697, 1718-1720.Plenary Meeting 1829.

BACKGROUND DOCUMENTSA/7235 and Add. 1,2. Comments received from Mem-

ber States. Report of Secretary-General.A/7648. Note by Secretary-General. Annex I: Text

of preamble and Part I (Principles) of draft Decla-ration on Social Progress and Development as ap-proved by Third Committee at 23rd session ofGeneral Assembly. Annex II: Text of Part II(Objectives) and Part III (Means and methods),as prepared by Commission for Social Developmentat its 19th session, 5 February-2 March 1968.

E/4467/Rev.l. Report of Commission for Social De-velopment on its 19th session, 5 February-2 March1968, Chapter VII and Annexes I (text of draftDeclaration on Social Development) and II (reportof Working Party on draft Declaration on SocialDevelopment).

E/4467 (Summary). Summary of Commission's re-port prepared by Secretary-General.

CONSIDERATION BYTHIRD COMMITTEEA/C.3/615. Statements made in Third Committee on

2 October 1969, meeting 1655, on centenary ofbirth of Mahatma Gandhi.

PART II. OBJECTIVES (ARTICLES 10-13)*

AMENDMENTS TO COMMISSION'S TEXT

A/C.3/L.1666. Libya and Poland: amendment (toreplace para. 1).

A/C.3/L.1667. Mongolia and USSR: amendments(to regroup and amend para. 4).

A/C.3/L. 1668. Mongolia and USSR: amendments topara. 5.

A/C.3/L.1669 and Corr.l. USSR: amendments topara. 7.

A/C.3/L.1670. Mongolia, Poland, USSR: amendment(to replace para. 9).

A/C.3/L.1671. Libya: amendments to paras. 4 and12.

A/C.3/L.1672 and Corr.l. Mongolia, Romania:amendment (to replace introductory sentence).

A/C.3/L.1673 and Corr.l. France, Netherlands,Upper Volta: amendments (to replace Part II).

A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l. Colombia, Democratic Repub-lic of Congo, France, Lebanon, Mali, Mexico,Netherlands, Upper Volta: revised amendments (toreplace and regroup Part II) [replacing A/C.3/L.1685].

A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l /Amend.1. Colombia, Demo-cratic Republic of Congo, France, Lebanon, Mali,

Mexico, Netherlands, Upper Volta: sub-amend-ment to 8-power revised amendment, A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l.

A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.2. Colombia, Democratic Repub-lic of Congo, France, Lebanon, Mali, Mexico,Netherlands, Upper Volta: revised amendments (toregroup paras. 1-9, 11-18 and 20 as articles 10-12and to add new introductory sentences to proposednew articles 11 and 12).

A/C.3/L.1674. United Kingdom: amendments (toadd new para. after para. 9).

A/C.3/L.1675 and Rev.l. Italy: amendment andrevised amendment (to replace introductory sen-tence).

A/C.3/L. 1676. Sierra Leone: amendments (to amendintroductory sentence and para. 1 and to replacepara. 3).

A/C.3/L.1677. Honduras, Japan, Mexico: amend-ment (to add new para. after para. 12).

A/C.3/L.1678. Iraq: amendments (to regroup andreplace paras. 1-6, 8 and 10 and to regroup PartIII, paras. 3, 5 and 18) [withdrawn and re-intro-duced by Nicaragua].

A/C.3/L.1679. Sweden: amendments (to amendpara. 6 and to replace para. 9).

A/C.3/L.1680. Uganda: amendments (to replacepara. 4 and to amend paras. 5 and 6).

A/C.3/L. 1681. Ghana: amendments to paras. 3, 5and 9.

A/C.3/L.1682. Chile: amendments (to add newparas. after paras. 4 and 11).

A/C.3/L.1683. Bulgaria and Mongolia: amendment(to replace para. 10).

A/C.3/L. 1684. Greece: amendments (to replace in-troductory sentence and to amend paras. 4, 5 and9).

A/C.3/L.1685. Colombia, Democratic Republic ofCongo, France, Mali, Netherlands, Upper Volta:amendments (to replace and regroup Part II asarticles 10 and 11).

A/C.3/L.1686. Nepal: amendment (to add new para.after para. 12).

A/C.3/L.1687. Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica: amend-ments to para. 4.

A/C.3/L.1688. Iraq: amendment (to add new para.after para. 7).

A/C.3/L.1689. Ceylon, India, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan,Yugoslavia: amendment (to replace Part II).

A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l. Ceylon, India, Iraq, Libya,Pakistan, Yugoslavia: revised amendments (to re-place introductory sentence and paras. 2 and 4, to

* Preamble and Part I (Principles) (articles 1-9)of draft Declaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment were considered at the 23rd (1968) session ofthe General Assembly.


amend paras. 1, 3, 5-7, 8, 10 and 11, and to addnew paras. after paras. 5 and 7).

A/C.3/L.1690. Nicaragua: amendments (to replaceintroductory sentence and para. 5, to amend paras.6, 8 and 12, and to replace and regroup para. 7).

A/C.3/L.1691. List of amendments still before ThirdCommittee in connexion with Part II (Objectives)of draft Declaration on Social Progress and Devel-opment.

A/C.3/L.1692. Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidadand Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom: sub-amendment to 8-power revised sub-amendment,A/G.3/L.1673/Rev.l/Amend.l.

A/C.3/L.1693. Ceylon, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Libya,Pakistan, Uganda, United Arab Republic, Yugo-slavia: sub-amendment to 8-power revised sub-amendment, A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l/Amend.l.

A/C.3/L.1694. Mongolia: sub-amendment to 8-powerrevised sub-amendment, A/C. 3/L.1673/Rev.l/Amend. 1.

A/C.3/L.1695. Chile: sub-amendment to 8-powerrevised sub-amendment, A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l /Amend. 1.

ADOPTION OF INDIVIDUAL PARAGRAPHS†

Introductory sentence [introductory para. to Part IIof text as finally adopted], as proposed by 6 powers(A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l, para. 1), and as orally sub-amended by New Zealand and Sierra Leone, ap-proved unanimously by Third Committee on 15October 1969, meeting 1668.

Paragraph 1 [article 10 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Libya and Poland (A/C.3/L.1666),approved by Third Committee on 15 October1969, meeting 1668, by 44 votes to 17, with 28abstentions.

Paragraph 2 [article 10 (C) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 9 powers (A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l,para. 3, co-sponsored orally by Indonesia, Ugandaand United Arab Republic), approved unanimouslyby Third Committee on 15 October 1969, meeting1668.

New paragraph [article 12 (a) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 9 powers (A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l, para. 4, co-sponsored orally by Indonesia,Uganda and United Arab Republic), as orally re-vised by sponsors, approved by Third Committee on15 October 1969, meeting 1669, by roll-call vote of93 to O, with 11 abstentions.

Paragraph 3 [article 10 (d) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 8 powers (A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l,3rd para. of proposed article 10), as orally revisedby Cyprus, approved by Third Committee on 15October 1969, meeting 1669, by 48 votes to 3, with39 abstentions.

Paragraph 4 [article 10 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 8 powers (A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l/Amend.l), as sub-amended by 6 powers (A/G.3/L.1692 as orally revised by sponsors) and by Mon-golia (A/G.3/L.1694 as orally revised by sponsor),approved by Third Committee on 17 October 1969,meeting 1671 by 98 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 5 [article 10 (e) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Nicaragua (A/G.3/L.1690), as orally

revised by sponsor, approved by Third Committeeon 20 October 1969, meeting 1672, by 71 votes to O,with 21 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 13 (a) and (b) of text asfinally adopted], as proposed by 9 powers (A/G.3/L.1689/Rev.l, para 8, co-sponsored orally by Indo-nesia, Uganda and United Arab Republic), as sub-amended by 3 powers (A/G.3/L.1677, adopted by81 votes to O, with 6 abstentions), approved byThird Committee on 20 October 1969, meeting1672, by 96 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 6 [article 10 ( f ) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 8 powers (A/C.3/L.1673/Rev. 1,6th para. of proposed article 10), as sub-amendedby Sweden (A/C.3/L.1679, para. 1, as orally re-vised by sponsor), approved by Third Committeeon 20 October 1969, meeting 1672, by 91 votes toO, with 3 abstentions.

Paragraph 7 [article 11 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 8 powers(A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l, 7th para. of proposed ar-ticle 10), and by USSR (A/C.3/L.1669 and Corr.l,as orally revised by sponsor), approved by ThirdCommittee on 20 October 1969, meeting 1673, by78 votes to O, with 9 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 13 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 8 powers (A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l, 8th para. of proposed article 10), approvedby Third Committee on 20 October 1969, meeting1673, unanimously (82-0).

New paragraph [article 12 (b) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 9 powers (A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l, 2nd part of para. 11, co-sponsored orally byIndonesia, Uganda and United Arab Republic), asorally sub-amended by Jamaica and Sierra Leone,approved by Third Committee on 20 October 1969,meeting 1673, by 89 votes to O, with 3 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 12 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Iraq (A/C.3/L.1688), asorally sub-amended by sponsor and by Cyprus andEcuador, approved by Third Committee on 21October 1969, meeting 1675, by 77 votes to O, with24 abstentions.

Paragraph 8 [article H (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 8 powers (A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.l, 1stpara. of proposed article 11), as orally revised bysponsors, approved by Third Committee on 21October 1969, meeting 1675, unanimously (90-0).

Paragraph 9 [article 11 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 3 powers (A/C.3/L.1670), as orallyrevised by sponsors, approved by Third Committeeon 21 October 1969, meeting 1675, by 35 votes to17, with 33 abstentions.

Paragraph 10 [article H (d) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Commission for SocialDevelopment (A/7648, Annex II), as amended by9 powers (A/C.3/L.1689/Rev.l, para. 12, co-spon-

† These paragraphs were subsequently rearrangedby a special Working Group of the Third Committee.For a numerical listing of the articles as finally ap-proved, and the paragraphs of which the articles con-sist, see below, DECISIONS OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 429sored orally by Indonesia, Uganda and United ArabRepublic), and as orally sub-amended by Nether-lands, approved unanimously by Third Committeeon 21 October 1969, meeting 1675.

Paragraph 11 [article 11 (e) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Commission for SocialDevelopment (A/7648, Annex II), approved unani-mously by Third Committee on 22 October 1969,meeting 1676.

New paragraph [article 11 ( f ) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Chile (A/C.3/L.1682,para. 3), orally co-sponsored by Greece and UnitedKingdom, as orally revised by sponsors and asorally sub-amended by Algeria, Ecuador, Franceand Peru, approved by Third Committee on 22October 1969, meeting 1676, by 83 votes to 3,with 8 abstentions.

Paragraph 12, as proposed by Commission for SocialDevelopment (A/7648, Annex II), deleted byThird Committee on proposal by Nicaragua(A/C.3/L.1690, para. 5) on 22 October 1969,meeting 1676, by 70 votes to O, with 9 abstentions.

A/C.3/L.1726. Text of paras, (articles) relating toPart II (Objectives) in order approved by ThirdCommittee on 15, 17 and 20-22 October 1969,meetings 1668, 1669, 1671-1673, 1675 and 1676[introductory para. and paras. (articles) 1-18].

PART III. MEANS AND METHODS (ARTICLES 14-17)

AMENDMENTS TO COMMISSION'S TEXT

A/C.3/L.1696. USSR: amendments (to replace in-troductory sentence and para. 13, and to amendparas. 10, 15 and 17).

A/C.3/L.1697. Czechoslovakia and Poland: amend-ments to para. 24.

A/C.3/L. 1698. Poland and Syria: amendments toparas. 20 and 26.

A/C.3/L. 1699. Czechoslovakia: amendment to para.5.

A/C.3/L. 1700. Czechoslovakia and Mongolia: amend-ment to para. 8.

A/C.3/L.1701. Czechoslovakia: amendment to para.23.

A/C.3/L. 1702. Bulgaria: amendments to paras. 12and 17.

A/C.3/L.1703. Poland and USSR: amendment topara. 6.

A/C.3/L.1704. Mongolia and USSR: amendment topara. 7.

A/C.3/L.1705. Ukrainian SSR: amendment (to re-place para. 1).

A/C.3/L.1706. USSR: amendment to para. 23.A/C.3/L. 1707. Byelorussian SSR: amendment to

para. 26.A/C.3/L. 1708. Mongolia: amendments to paras. 11

and 18.A/C.3/L. 1709. Sierra Leone: amendments (to re-

place paras. 5, 6 and 7) .A/C.3/L.1709/Amend.l. Sierra Leone: revised

amendment to para. 7.A/C.3/L.1710. Romania: amendments (to paras. 12

and 24, and to add new para. after para. 10).

A/C.3/L.1711. Iraq: amendments (to replace paras.3 and 5, to amend paras. 6 and 22, and to add newparas. after paras. 14 and 22).

A/C.3/L.1712. France: amendments (to regroupparas. 1-22, 24-26 and 28-30).

A/C.3/L. 1713. Rwanda: amendments to paras. 2and 27.

A/C.3/L.1714. Ceylon and Turkey: amendment (toadd new para. after para. 23).

A/C.3/L.1715. Chile: amendment (to replace para.11).

A/C.3/L.1716. Chile: amendment to para. 26.A/C.3/L.1717 and Rev.l. Nicaragua: amendment

and revised amendment (to replace para. 4).A/C.3/L.1718 and Rev.l. Italy: amendments and

revised amendments (to amend para. 20, and toadd new para. after para. 9).

A/C.3/L.1719 and Corr.l. Canada, Japan, Jordan,Philippines: amendment (to add new para. afterpara. 10).

A/C.3/L.1720. United Kingdom: amendment (toreplace para. 30).

A/C.3/L.1721. Netherlands: amendment to para. 17.A/G.3/L.1722 and Corr.l. Netherlands and Sweden:

amendment (to add new para. after para. 14).A/G.3/L.1723. India, Indonesia, Libya, Nepal, Pak-

istan, Uganda, United Arab Republic, United Re-public of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Yugoslavia, Zam-bia: amendments (to amend introductory sentenceand paras. 1-5, 9, 12, 13, 21, 22, 26, 29 and 30,to replace paras. 6-8, 10, 17, 19 and 23, and toadd new paras. after para. 19).

A/C.3/L.1724. Finland: amendments (to amendpara. 18 and to add new para. after para. 18).

A/C.3/L.1724/Rev.l. Finland, Iceland, Norway:amendment (to add new paras. after para. 18).

A/C.3/L. 1725. Czechoslovakia: amendments (toamend paras. 6 and 19, and to add new para. afterpara. 10).

A/C.3/L. 1727. List of amendments still before ThirdCommittee in connexion with Part III (Means andmethods) of draft Declaration on Social Progressand Development.

A/C.3/L. 1729. List of amendments still before ThirdCommittee in connexion with Part III (Means andmethods), paras. 20-30, of draft Declaration onSocial Progress and Development.

A/C.3/L. 1732. Comments received from Central Af-rican Republic.

ADOPTION OF INDIVIDUAL PARAGRAPHS

Introductory sentence [introductory para. to Part IIIof text as finally adopted], as proposed by Com-mission for Social Development (A/7648, AnnexII), as amended by 11 powers (A/C.3/L.1723),approved by Third Committee on 23 October 1969,meeting 1678, by 68 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 1 [article 14 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/G.3/L.1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya), ap-proved unanimously by Third Committee on 23October 1969, meeting 1678.

Paragraph 2 [article 21 (a) and (d), respectively, of


text as finally adopted], as proposed by Commissionfor Social Development (A/7648, Annex II), asamended by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723, co-sponsoredorally by Kenya), approved by Third Committee on23 October 1969, meeting 1678, as two separateparas.: first para., by 97 votes to O, with 1 absten-tion; 2nd para., by 95 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 3 [article 21 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Iraq (A/C.3/L.1711, para. 1), asorally revised by sponsor, approved by Third Com-mittee on 23 October 1969, meeting 1678, by 88votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 4 [article 21 (c) of text as finally adopted]as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L. 1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya, andas orally sub-amended by India, Indonesia, Jamaicaand Saudi Arabia), approved by Third Committeeon 27 October 1969, meeting 1680, by 68 votes to1, with 11 abstentions.

Paragraph 5 [article 19 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Iraq (A/C.3/L.1711, para. 2), asorally revised by sponsor, approved by Third Com-mittee on 27 October 1969, meeting 1680, by 80votes to O, with 5 abstentions.

Paragraph 6 [article 18 (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya), as orally revised bysponsors and orally sub-amended by Cyprus, Jamaicaand Poland, approved by Third Committee on 28October 1969, meeting 1681, by 95 votes to O,with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 7 [article 22 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Sierra Leone (A/C.3/L.1709/Amend.l), as orally sub-amended by Cyprus andby sponsor, approved by Third Committee on 29October 1969, meeting 1684, by roll-call vote of67 to 6, with 26 abstentions.

Paragraph 8 [article 19 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723, co-spon-sored orally by Kenya), as orally revised by spon-sors and orally amended by France, approved byThird Committee on 29 October 1969, meeting1684, unanimously (99-0).

Paragraph 9 [article 19 (d) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L.1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya),approved by Third Committee on 29 October 1969,meeting 1684, unanimously (95-0).

New paragraph [article 19 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Italy (A/C.3/L.1718/Rev.l para. 1), approved by Third Committee on 30October 1969, meeting 1685, by 61 votes to 1, with21 abstentions.

Paragraph 10 [article 16 (a) as finally adopted],as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L. 1723, co-spon-sored orally by Kenya), as orally revised by spon-sors and as orally sub-amended by France and Neth-erlands, approved by Third Committee on 30 Oc-tober 1969, meeting 1685, by 90 votes to O, with2 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 15 (a) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Romania (A/C.3/L.1710,

para. 1), as orally amended by Ceylon and orallysub-amended by Jamaica, approved by Third Com-mittee on 30 October 1969, meeting 1686, by 77votes to O, with 9 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 15 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 4 powers (A/C.3/L.1719and Corr.l) approved by Third Committee on 30October 1969, meeting 1686, by 87 votes to O,with 1 abstention.

New paragraph [article 16 (d) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Czechoslovakia (A/C.3/L.1725), as orally revised by sponsor and as orallysub-amended by Ceylon, approved by Third Com-mittee on 30 October 1969, meeting 1686, by 75votes to O, with 12 abstentions.

Paragraph 11 [article 15 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Chile (A/C.3/L.1715), as orallyamended by Greece and as further orally sub-amended, approved by Third Committee on 31October 1969, meeting 1687, by 39 votes to 13,with 35 abstentions.

Paragraph 12 [article 14 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L. 1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya), andas orally amended by Bulgaria and Romania, andfurther orally sub-amended by Iraq, approved unani-mously by Third Committee on 31 October 1969,meeting 1687.

Paragraph 13 [article 18 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L.1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya),as orally revised by sponsors and as orally sub-amended by New Zealand, approved by ThirdCommittee on 3 November 1969, meeting 1688, by90 votes to O, with 2 abstentions.

Paragraph 14 [article 17 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved unanimously byThird Committee on 3 November 1969, meeting1689.

New paragraph [article 18 (d) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Iraq (A/C.3/L.1711, para.5), as orally amended by Dahomey and Ethiopia,approved unanimously by Third Committee on 3November 1969, meeting 1689.

New paragraph [article 25 (a) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Netherlands and Sweden(A/C.3/L.1722 and Corr.l), approved unanimouslyby Third Committee on 3 November 1969, meeting1689.

Paragraph 15 [article 17 (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved unanimously byThird Committee on 3 November 1969, meeting1689.

Paragraph 16 [article 16 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved unanimously byThird Committee on 3 November 1969, meeting1689.

Paragraph 17 [article 17 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723, co-spon-


sored orally by Kenya), as orally revised and orallysub-amended by sponsors and by United Kingdom,and as sub-amended by Netherlands (A/C.3/L.1721,as orally revised) and by Bulgaria (A/C.3/L.1702,as orally revised and orally co-sponsored by USSR),approved by Third Committee on 3 November 1969,meeting 1689, by 81 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 18 [article 20 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended combining amend-ments of Finland (A/C.3/L.1724) and Mongolia(A/C.3/L. 1708) and orally co-sponsored by Norway,approved unanimously by Third Committee on 3November 1969, meeting 1689.

New paragraph [article 20 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 5 powers (A/C.3/L.1724/Rev.l, first para., orally co-sponsored by Denmarkand Sweden), approved by Third Committee on5 November 1969, meeting 1691, by 82 votes to 3,with 12 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 22 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 5 powers (A/C.3/L.1724/Rev.l, 2nd para., orally co-sponsored by Denmarkand Sweden), and as orally amended by France,approved unanimously by Third Committee on 5November 1969, meeting 1692.

Paragraph 19 [article 23 (e) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723, co-spon-sored orally by Kenya), and as amended by Czecho-slovakia (A/C.3/L.1725), approved by Third Com-mittee on 3 November 1969, meeting 1689, by69 votes to O, with 10 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 23 (a) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723,proposed new para. 20, orally co-sponsored byKenya), as orally revised by sponsors, approved byThird Committee on 4 November 1969, meeting1690, by 90 votes to O, with 1 abstention.

New paragraph [article 23 (b) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723,proposed new para. 21, orally co-sponsored byKenya), as orally revised by sponsors, approved byThird Committee on 4 November 1969, meeting1690, by roll-call vote of 91 to O, with 8 absten-tions.

New paragraph [article 24 (c) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723,proposed new para. 22, orally co-sponsored byKenya), as orally amended by Philippines andorally revised by sponsors, approved by Third Com-mittee on 5 November 1969, meeting 1691, by 80votes to O, with 3 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 18 (e) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723proposed new para. 23, co-sponsored orally byKenya), approved unanimously by Third Commit-tee on 5 November 1969, meeting 1691.

Paragraph 20 [article 14 (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II) as amended by Italy (A/C.3/L.1718/Rev.l, para. 2 ) , and by Poland and Syria(A/C.3/L. 1698), approved unanimously by ThirdCommittee on 5 November 1969, meeting 1692.

Paragraph 21 [article 24 (a) of text as finally adopted],

as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L. 1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya),approved unanimously by Third Committee on 5November 1969, meeting 1692.

Paragraph 22 [article 23 (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by Iraq (A/C.3/L.1711, para. 4) and by 12 powers (A/C.3/L.1723,co-sponsored orally by Kenya, as orally revised bysponsors) approved unanimously by Third Commit-tee on 5 November 1969, meeting 1692.

New paragraph [article 23 (d) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Iraq (A/C.3/L. 1711, para.6), as orally amended by sponsor, approved byThird Committee on 5 November 1969, meeting1692, by 79 votes to O, with 17 abstentions.

Paragraph 23 [article 27 (a) and (b) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by 12 powers (A/C.3/L. 1723,co-sponsored orally by Kenya), as orally revisedby sponsors and as amended by Czechoslovakia(A/C.3/L.1701) and sub-amended by USSR (A/C.3/L. 1706, as orally revised), approved by ThirdCommittee on 6 November 1969, meeting 1693, by65 votes to 1, with 30 abstentions.

New paragraph [article 25 (b) of text as finallyadopted], as proposed by Ceylon and Turkey (A/C.3/L.1714), as orally amended by sponsors, approvedby Third Committee on 6 November 1969, meeting1694, by 94 votes to O, with 9 abstentions.

Paragraph 24 [article 16 (c) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by Czechoslo-vakia and Poland (A/C.3/L. 1697, para. 2) and byRomania (A/C.3/L.1710, para. 3), approved bvThird Committee on 6 November 1969, meeting1694. by 86 votes to O, with 6 abstentions.

Paragraph 25 [article 18 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved by Third Commit-tee on 6 November 1969, meeting 1694, by 90 votesto O, with 1 abstention.

Paragraph 26 [article 20 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by ByelorussianSSR (A/G.3/L.1707, as orally revised by sponsor),and as orally sub-amended by Netherlands, approvedby Third Committee on 7 November 1969, meeting1695, by 39 votes to 17, with 36 abstentions.

Paragraph 27 [article 26 of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved by Third Commit-tee on 7 November 1969, meeting 1695, by roll-call vote of 58 to O, with 51 abstentions.

Paragraph 28 [article 24 (b) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), approved unanimously byThird Committee, 7 November 1969, meeting 1696.

Paragraph 29 [article 22 (a) of text as finally adopted],as proposed by Commission for Social Development(A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L. 1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya),approved by Third Committee on 7 November1969, meeting 1696, by 77 votes to 1.


Paragraph 30 [article 15 (d) of text as finally adopt-ed], as proposed by Commission for Social Develop-ment (A/7648, Annex II), as amended by 12 powers(A/C.3/L.1723, co-sponsored orally by Kenya, asorally revised by sponsors), approved by ThirdCommittee on 7 November 1969, meeting 1696,by 69 votes to O, with 3 abstentions.

A/C.3/L.1730 and Corr.1,2 and Add.1,2. Texts ofparas. (articles) relating to Part III (Means andmethods), in order in which approved by ThirdCommittee on 23, 27-31 October and 3-7 November1969, meetings 1678, 1680, 1681 and 1684-1694[introductory para. and paras. (articles) 1-45].

REGROUPING OF PARAGRAPHS

BY SPECIAL WORKING GROUP

A/C.3/L.1673/Rev.2. Colombia, Democratic Repub-lic of Congo, France, Lebanon, Mali, Mexico,Netherlands, Upper Volta: revised amendmentsto regroup paras. relating to Part II (Objectives)of draft Declaration.

A/C.3/L.1731. Colombia, Democratic Republic ofCongo, France, Lebanon, Mali, Mexico, Nether-lands, Upper Volta: working paper on regroupingof paras. relating to Part II (Objectives) of draftDeclaration.

A/C.3/L.1734. France: proposed regrouping of paras.relating to Part III (Means and methods) of draftDeclaration.

A/C.3/L.1735. Texts of paras. (articles) relatingto Part II (Objectives) [introductory sentence andparas. (articles) 1-18] and Part II (Means andmethods) [introductory sentence and paras. (arti-cles) 1-45] in order in which approved by ThirdCommittee.

A/C.3/L.1737. USSR: working paper on regroupingof articles in Part II (Objectives) and Part III(Means and methods) of draft Declaration.

A/C.3/L.1742. Report of special Working Group ondraft Declaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment.

A/C.3/L.1742, Annex. Texts of paras. (articles) re-lating to Part II (Objectives) [introductory sen-tence and articles 10-13] and Part III (Means andmethods) [introductory sentence and articles 14-27]in order in which adopted by special WorkingGroup on draft Declaration on Social Progress andDevelopment; proposed rearrangement approvedunanimously by Third Committee on 28 November1969, meeting 1718.

DECISIONS OF THIRD COMMITTEEPreamble and Part I (Principles) of draft Declara-

tion on Social Progress and Development [text ap-proved by Third Committee at 23rd (1968) sessionof General Assembly (A/7648, Annex I)].

Part II (Objectives) of draft Declaration on SocialProgress and Development, as a whole, approvedunanimously by Third Committee on 28 November1969, meeting 1718.

[Text, as finally approved consisted of: introduc-tory paragraph (introductory sentence, as

amended) ; article 10 (former paras. 4, as amended,1, and 2, 3, 5 and 6, as amended, respectively) ;article 11 (former paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10, as amended,11, and new para. as proposed by Chile, Greeceand United Kingdom, as amended, respectively) ;article 12 (new paras. as proposed by 9 powers,and new para. as proposed by Iraq, respectively,as amended); article 13 (new para. as proposed by9 powers and as amended by 3 powers which be-came two separate paras., and new para. as pro-posed by 8 powers, respectively)].

Part III (Means and methods) of draft Declarationon Social Progress and Development, as a whole,approved by Third Committee on 28 November1969, meeting 1718, by roll-call vote of 77 to O,with 14 abstentions, as follows:

In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Aus-tria, Barbados, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Byelorus-sian SSR, Cameroon Central African Republic, Cey-lon, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo (Brazza-ville), Democratic Republic of Congo, Cyprus,Czechoslovakia, Dahomey, Denmark, Dominican Re-public, Ethiopia, Finland, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala,Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indo-nesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos,Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania,Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania,Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sudan,Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey,Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United Arab Re-public, United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta,Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

Against: None.Abstaining: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France,

Greece Ireland, Israel, Ivory Coast, Luxembourg,Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, United King-dom, United States.

[Text, as finally approved, consisted of introductoryparagraph (introductory sentence, as amended) ;article 14 (former paras. 1, 12 and 20, respectively,as amended); article 15 (new para. as proposed byRomania, as amended, former para. 11, as amended,new para. as proposed by 4 powers, and formerpara. 30, as amended, respectively) ; article 16 (for-mer paras. 10, as amended, 16, 24, as amended,and new para. as proposed by Czechoslovakia, asamended, respectively); article 17 (former paras.17, as amended, 14 and 15, respectively) ; article18 (former paras. 25, 13, as amended, 6, asamended, and new para. as proposed by Iraq, asamended, respectively); article 19 (former paras.5 and 8, as amended, new para. as proposed byItaly, and former para. 9, as amended, respectively) ;article 20 (former paras. 26 and 18, as amended,and new para. as proposed by 5 powers, respec-tively) ; article 21 (former para. 2 (first part) whichbecame two separate paras., former paras. 3 and 4,and former para. 2 (second part), respectively,as amended); article 22 (former paras. 29, 7, andnew para. as proposed by 5 powers, respectively,as amended); article 23 (new paras. as proposed

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 433by 12 powers, former para. 22, new para. as pro-posed by Iran, and former para. 19, respectively,as amended): article 24 (former paras. 21, asamended, 28, and new para. as proposed by 12 pow-ers, as amended, respectively) ; article 25 (new paras.as proposed by Netherlands and Sweden, and byCeylon and Turkey, respectively, as amended);article 26 (former para. 27) ; article 27 (formerpara. 23, as amended, which became two separateparas.)].

Draft Declaration on Social Progress and Develop-ment, as a whole, approved unanimously by ThirdCommittee on 28 November 1969, meeting 1718,by roll-call vote of 91 to O, as follows:

In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Aus-tralia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,Burma, Byelorussian SSR, Cameroon, Canada, Cen-tral African Republic, Ceylon, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Democratic Repub-lic of Congo, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dahomey,Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Finland,France, Gabon, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya,Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg,Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia,Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Por-tugal, Romania, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia,Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Tu-nisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR,United Arab Republic, United Kingdom, UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, United States, Upper Volta,Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

Against: None.

DECISIONS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY

DRAFT DECLARATION ON SOCIALPROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENTA/L.583. Afghanistan, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic,Finland, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran,Italy, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Nepal,Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Tunisia,Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United Repub-lic of Tanzania, Upper Volta: amendment to addnew sub-para. (d) to article 17 of Part III (Meansand methods) of draft Declaration recommendedby Third Committee, A/7833.

A/7833. Report of Third Committee, draft resolution,para. 530.

RESOLUTION 2542 (xxiv), as recommended by ThirdCommittee, A/7833, and as amended by 40 powers(A/L.583), adopted by Assembly (following adop-tion of articles 12 (a), 20 (c), 23 (b) and 25 (b)by separate votes) on 11 December 1969, meeting1829, by 119 votes to O, with 2 abstentions.The General Assembly,Mindful of the pledge of Members of the United

Nations under the Charter to take joint and separateaction in co-operation with the Organization to pro-mote higher standards of living, full employment andconditions of economic and social progress and de-velopment,

Reaffirming faith in human rights and fundamentalfreedoms and in the principles of peace, of the dignityand worth of the human person, and of social justiceproclaimed in the Charter,

Recalling the principles of the Universal Declara-tion of Human Rights, the International Covenantson Human Rights, the Declaration of the Rights ofthe Child, the Declaration on the Granting of Inde-pendence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, theInternational Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of Racial Discrimination, the United NationsDeclaration on the Elimination of All Forms of RacialDiscrimination, the Declaration on the Promotionamong Youth of the Ideals of Peace, Mutual Respectand Understanding between Peoples, the Declarationon the Elimination of Discrimination against Womenand of resolutions of the United Nations,

Bearing in mind the standards already set for socialprogress in the constitutions, conventions, recommenda-tions and resolutions of the International Labour Or-ganisation, the Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations, the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization, the WorldHealth Organization, the United Nations Children'sFund and of other organizations concerned,

Convinced that man can achieve complete fulfilmentof his aspirations only within a just social order andthat it is consequently of cardinal importance to ac-celerate social and economic progress everywhere, thuscontributing to international peace and solidarity,

Convinced that international peace and security onthe one hand, and social progress and economic de-velopment on the other, are closely interdependentand influence each other,

Persuaded that social development can be promotedby peaceful coexistence, friendly relations and co-operation among States with different social, economicor political systems,

Emphasizing the interdependence of economic andsocial development in the wider process of growthand change, as well as the importance of a strategyof integrated development which takes full accountat all stages of its social aspects,

Regretting the inadequate progress achieved in theworld social situation despite the efforts of States andthe international community,

Recognizing that the primary responsibility for thedevelopment of the developing countries rests onthose countries themselves and acknowledging thepressing need to narrow and eventually close the gapin the standards of living between economically moreadvanced and developing countries and, to that end,that Member States shall have the responsibility topursue internal and external policies designed to pro-mote social development throughout the world, andin particular to assist developing countries to accel-erate their economic growth,

Recognizing the urgency of devoting to works ofpeace and social progress resources being expended on


armaments and wasted on conflict and destruction,Conscious of the contribution that science and tech-

nology can render towards meeting the needs com-mon to all humanity,

Believing that the primary task of all States andinternational organizations is to eliminate from thelife of society all evils and obstacles to social progress,particularly such evils as inequality, exploitation, war,colonialism and racism,

Desirous of promoting the progress of all mankindtowards these goals and of overcoming all obstaclesto their realization,

Solemnly proclaims this Declaration on Social Prog-ress and Development and calls for national and inter-national action for its use as a common basis for socialdevelopment policies:

PART I

PRINCIPLES

Article 1All peoples and all human beings, without distinc-

tion as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, nation-ality, ethnic origin, family or social status, or politicalor other conviction, shall have the right to live indignity and freedom and to enjoy the fruits of socialprogress and should, on their part, contribute to it.

Article 2Social progress and development shall be founded

on respect for the dignity and value of the humanperson and shall ensure the promotion of humanrights and social justice, which requires:

(a) The immediate and final elimination of allforms of inequality, exploitation of peoples and indi-viduals, colonialism and racism, including nazism andapartheid, and all other policies and ideologies op-posed to the purposes and principles of the UnitedNations;

(b) The recognition and effective implementationof civil and political rights as well as of economic,social and cultural rights without any discrimination.

Article 3The following are considered primary conditions of

social progress and development:(a) National independence based on the right of

peoples to self-determination;(b] The principle of non-interference in the in-

ternal affairs of States;(e) Respect for the sovereignty and territorial in-

tegrity of States;(d) Permanent sovereignty of each nation over its

natural wealth and resources;(e) The right and responsibility of each State and,

as far as they are concerned, each nation and peopleto determine freely its own objectives of social devel-opment, to set its own priorities and to decide in con-formity with the principles of the Charter of theUnited Nations the means and methods of theirachievement without any external interference;

(f) Peaceful coexistence, peace, friendly relations

and co-operation among States irrespective of differ-ences in their social, economic or political systems.

Article 4The family as a basic unit of society and the natural

environment for the growth and well-being of all itsmembers, particularly children and youth, should beassisted and protected so that it may fully assume itsresponsibilities within the community. Parents havethe exclusive right to determine freely and responsiblythe number and spacing of their children.

Article 5Social progress and development require the full

utilization of human resources, including, in partic-ular:

(a) The encouragement of creative initiative underconditions of enlightened public opinion;

(b) The dissemination of national and internationalinformation for the purpose of making individualsaware of changes occurring in society as a whole;

(c) The active participation of all elements ofsociety, individually or through associations, in de-fining and in achieving the common goals of develop-ment with full respect for the fundamental freedomsembodied in the Universal Declaration of HumanRights;

(d) The assurance to disadvantaged or marginalsectors of the population of equal opportunities forsocial and economic advancement in order to achievean effectively integrated society.

Article 6Social development requires the assurance to every-

one of the right to work and the free choice of em-ployment.

Social progress and development require the par-ticipation of all members of society in productive andsocially useful labour and the establishment, in con-formity with human rights and fundamental freedomsand with the principles of justice and the social func-tion of property, of forms of ownership of land andof the means of production which preclude any kindof exploitation of man, ensure equal rights to propertyfor all and create conditions leading to genuine equal-ity among people.

Article 7The rapid expansion of national income and wealth

and their equitable distribution among all membersof society are fundamental to all social progress, andthey should therefore be in the forefront of the pre-occupations of every State and Government.

The improvement in the position of the developingcountries in international trade resulting, among otherthings, from the achievement of favourable terms oftrade and of equitable and remunerative prices atwhich developing countries market their products isnecessary in order to make it possible to increasenational income and in order to advance social devel-opment.

Article 8Each Government has the primary role and ulti-

mate responsibility of ensuring the social progress and

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 435well-being of its people, of planning social develop-ment measures as part of comprehensive developmentplans, of encouraging and co-ordinating or integratingall national efforts toward this end and of introducingnecessary changes in the social structure. In planningsocial development measures, the diversity of the needsof developing and developed areas, and of urbanand rural areas, within each country, shall be takeninto due account.

Article 9Social progress and development are the common

concerns of the international community, which shallsupplement, by concerted international action, na-tional efforts to raise the living standards of peoples.

Social progress and economic growth require recog-nition of the common interest of all nations in theexploration, conservation, use and exploitation, ex-clusively for peaceful purposes and in the interestsof all mankind, of those areas of the environment suchas outer space and the sea-bed and ocean floor andthe subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national juris-diction, in accordance with the purposes and prin-ciples of the Charter of the United Nations.

PART II

OBJECTIVESSocial progress and development shall aim at the

continuous raising of the material and spiritual stand-ards of living of all members of society, with respectfor and in compliance with human rights and funda-mental freedoms, through the attainment of the fol-lowing main goals:

Article 10(a) The assurance at all levels of the right to work

and the right of everyone to form trade unions andworkers' associations and to bargain collectively; pro-motion of full productive employment and eliminationof unemployment and under-employment; establish-ment of equitable and favourable conditions of workfor all, including the improvement of health and safetyconditions; assurance of just remuneration for labourwithout any discrimination as well as a sufficientlyhigh minimum wage to ensure a decent standard ofliving; the protection of the consumer;

(b) The elimination of hunger and malnutrition andthe guarantee of the right to proper nutrition;

(c) The elimination of poverty; the assurance of asteady improvement in levels of living and of a justand equitable distribution of income;

(d) The achievement of the highest standards ofhealth and the provision of health protection for theentire population, if possible free of charge;

(e) The eradication of illiteracy and the assuranceof the right to universal access to culture, to freecompulsory education at the elementary level and tofree education at all levels; the raising of the generallevel of life-long education;

(f) The provision for all, particularly persons inlow-income groups and large families, of adequatehousing and community services.

Social progress and development shall aim equallyat the progressive attainment of the following maingoals:

Article 11(a) The provision of comprehensive social security

schemes and social welfare services; the establishmentand improvement of social security and insuranceschemes for all persons who, because of illness, dis-ability or old age, are temporarily or permanentlyunable to earn a living, with a view to ensuring aproper standard of living for such persons and fortheir families and dependents;

( b ) The protection of the rights of the mother andchild; concern for the upbringing and health of chil-dren; the provision of measures to safeguard the healthand welfare of women and particularly of workingmothers during pregnancy and the infancy of theirchildren, as well as of mothers whose earnings arethe sole source of livelihood for the family; the grant-ing to women of pregnancy and maternity leave andallowances without loss of employment or wages;

(c) The protection of the rights and the assuringof the welfare of children, the aged and the disabled;the provision of protection for the physically or men-tally disadvantaged;

(d) The education of youth in, and promotionamong them of, the ideals of justice and peace, mu-tual respect and understanding among peoples; thepromotion of full participation of youth in the processof national development;

(e) The provision of social defence measures andthe elimination of conditions leading to crime anddelinquency, especially juvenile delinquency;

(f) The guarantee that all individuals, withoutdiscrimination of any kind, are made aware of theirrights and obligations and receive the necessary aidin the exercise and safeguarding of their rights.

Social progress and development shall further aimat achieving the following main objectives:

Article 12(a) The creation of conditions for rapid and sus-

tained social and economic development, particularlyin the developing countries; change in internationaleconomic relations; new and effective methods ofinternational co-operation in which equality of oppor-tunity should be as much a prerogative of nations asof individuals within a nation;

(b) The elimination of all forms of discriminationand exploitation and all other practices and ideolo-gies contrary to the purposes and principles of theCharter of the United Nations;

(c) The elimination of all forms of foreign eco-nomic exploitation, particularly that practised by in-ternational monopolies, in order to enable the peopleof every country to enjoy in full the benefits of theirnational resources.

Social progress and development shall finally aimat the attainment of the following main goals:


Article 13(a) Equitable sharing of scientific and technological

advances by developed and developing countries, anda steady increase in the use of science and technologyfor the benefit of the social development of society;

( b ) The establishment of a harmonious balancebetween scientific, technological and material progressand the intellectual, spiritual, cultural and moraladvancement of humanity;

(c) The protection and improvement of the humanenvironment.

MEANS AND METHODSOn the basis of the principles set forth in this Dec-

laration, the achievement of the objectives of socialprogress and development requires the mobilizationof the necessary resources by national and interna-tional action, with particular attention to such meansand methods as:

Article 14(a) Planning for social progress and development,

as an integrated part of balanced over-all develop-ment planning;

(b) The establishment, where necessary, of nationalsystems for framing and carrying out social policiesand programmes, and the promotion by the countriesconcerned of planned regional development, takinginto account differing regional conditions and needs,particularly the development of regions which are lessfavoured or under-developed by comparison with therest of the country;

( c ) The promotion of basic and applied social re-search, particularly comparative international researchapplied to the planning and execution of social de-velopment programmes.

Article 15(a) The adoption of measures to ensure the effec-

tive participation, as appropriate, of all the elementsof society in the preparation and execution of na-tional plans and programmes of economic and socialdevelopment;

(b) The adoption of measures for an increasingrate of popular participation in the economic, social,cultural and political life of countries through nationalgovernmental bodies, non-governmental organizations,co-operatives, rural associations, workers' and em-ployers' organizations and women's and youth organi-zations, by such methods as national and regionalplans for social and economic progress and communitydevelopment, with a view to achieving a fully inte-grated national society, accelerating the process ofsocial mobility and consolidating the democraticsystem;

(c) Mobilization of public opinion, at both na-tional and international levels, in support of theprinciples and objectives of social progress and de-velopment;

(d) The dissemination of social information, at thenational and the international level, to make peopleaware of changing circumstances in society as a whole,and to educate the consumer.

Article 16(a) Maximum mobilization of all national resources

and their rational and efficient utilization; promotionof increased and accelerated productive investmentin social and economic fields and of employment;orientation of society towards the developmentprocess;

(b) Progressively increasing provision of the nec-essary budgetary and other resources required forfinancing the social aspects of development;

(c) Achievement of equitable distribution of na-tional income, utilizing, inter alia, the fiscal systemand government spending as an instrument for theequitable distribution and redistribution of income inorder to promote social progress;

(d) The adoption of measures aimed at preventionof such an outflow of capital from developing coun-tries as would be detrimental to their economic andsocial development.

Article 17(a) The adoption of measures to accelerate the

process of industrialization, especially in developingcountries, with due regard for its social aspects, inthe interests of the entire population; developmentof an adequate organizational and legal frameworkconducive to an uninterrupted and diversified growthof the industrial sector; measures to overcome theadverse social effects which may result from urbandevelopment and industrialization, including auto-mation; maintenance of a proper balance betweenrural and urban development, and in particular,measures designed to ensure healthier living condi-tions, especially in large industrial centres;

(b) Integrated planning to meet the problems ofurbanization and urban development;

( c ) Comprehensive rural development schemes toraise the levels of living of the rural populations andto facilitate such urban-rural relationships and popu-lation distribution as will promote balanced nationaldevelopment and social progress;

( d ) Measures for appropriate supervision of theutilization of land in the interests of society.

The achievement of the objectives of social prog-ress and development equally requires the implementa-tion of the following means and methods:

Article 18(a) The adoption of appropriate legislative, ad-

ministrative and other measures ensuring to everyonenot only political and civil rights, but also the fullrealization of economic, social and cultural rightswithout any discrimination;

( b ) The promotion of democratically based socialand institutional reforms and motivation for changebasic to the elimination of all forms of discriminationand exploitation and conducive to high rates of eco-nomic and social progress, to include land reform,in which the ownership and use of land will be madeto serve best the objectives of social justice and eco-nomic development;

(c) The adoption of measures to boost and diver-sify agricultural production through, inter alia, theimplementation of democratic agrarian reforms, to

PART III

SOCIAL QUESTIONS 437ensure an adequate and well-balanced supply of food,its equitable distribution among the whole populationand the improvement of nutritional standards;

(d) The adoption of measures to introduce, withthe participation of the Government, low-cost housingprogrammes in both rural and urban areas;

(e) Development and expansion of the system oftransportation and communications, particularly indeveloping countries.

Article 19(a) The provision of free health services to the

whole population and of adequate preventive andcurative facilities and welfare medical services acces-sible to all;

( b ) The enactment and establishment of legislativemeasures and administrative regulations with a viewto the implementation of comprehensive programmesof social security schemes and social welfare servicesand to the improvement and co-ordination of existingservices;

( c ) The adoption of measures and the provisionof social welfare services to migrant workers andtheir families, in conformity with the provisions ofConvention No. 97 of the International Labour Or-ganisation and other international instruments relat-ing to migrant workers;

(d) The institution of appropriate measures forthe rehabilitation of mentally or physically disabledpersons, especially children and youth, so as to enablethem to the fullest possible extent to be useful mem-bers of society—these measures shall include the pro-vision of treatment and technical appliances, educa-tion, vocational and social guidance, training andselective placement, and other assistance required—•and the creation of social conditions in which thehandicapped are not discriminated against becauseof their disabilities.

Article 20(a) The provision of full democratic freedoms to

trade unions; freedom of association for all workers,including the right to bargain collectively and tostrike, recognition of the right to form other organi-zations of working people; the provision for thegrowing participation of trade unions in economicand social development; effective participation of allmembers of trade unions in the deciding of economicand social issues which affect their interests;

(b) The improvement of health and safety condi-tions for workers, by means of appropriate techno-logical and legislative measures and the provisionof the material prerequisites for the implementationof those measures, including the limitation of workinghours;

(c) The adoption of appropriate measures for thedevelopment of harmonious industrial relations.

Article 21(a) The training of national personnel and cadres,

including administrative, executive, professional andtechnical personnel needed for social development andfor over-all development plans and policies;

(b) The adoption of measures to accelerate theextension and improvement of general, vocational and

technical education and of training and retraining,which should be provided free at all levels;

(c) Raising the general level of education; develop-ment and expansion of national information media,and their rational and full use towards continuingeducation of the whole population and towards en-couraging its participation in social developmentactivities; the constructive use of leisure, particularlythat of children and adolescents;

( d ) The formulation of national and internationalpolicies and measures to avoid the "brain drain" andobviate its adverse effects.

Article 22(a) The development and co-ordination of policies

and measures designed to strengthen the essentialfunctions of the family as a basic unit of society;

(b) The formulation and establishment, as needed,of programmes in the field of population, within theframework of national demographic policies and aspart of the welfare medical services, including edu-cation, training of personnel and the provision tofamilies of the knowledge and means necessary toenable them to exercise their right to determine freelyand responsibly the number and spacing of theirchildren ;

(c) The establishment of appropriate child-carefacilities in the interest of children and workingparents.

The achievement of the objectives of social prog-ress and development finally requires the implementa-tion of the following means and methods:

Article 23(a) The laying down of economic growth rate tar-

gets for the developing countries within the UnitedNations policy for development, high enough to leadto a substantial acceleration of their rates of growth;

(b) The provision of greater assistance on betterterms; the implementation of the aid volume targetof a minimum of 1 per cent of the gross nationalproduct at market prices of economically advancedcountries; the general easing of the terms of lendingto the developing countries through low interest rateson loans and long grace periods for the repaymentof loans, and the assurance that the allocation of suchloans will be based strictly on socio-economic criteriafree of any political considerations;

(c) The provision of technical, financial and ma-terial assistance, both bilateral and multilateral, tothe fullest possible extent and on favourable terms,and improved co-ordination of international assistancefor the achievement of the social objectives of na-tional development plans;

(d) The provision to the developing countries oftechnical, financial and material assistance and offavourable conditions to facilitate the direct exploita-tion of their national resources and natural wealthby those countries with a view to enabling the peoplesof those countries to benefit fully from their nationalresources;

(e) The expansion of international trade based onprinciples of equality and non-discrimination, the


rectification of the position of developing countriesin international trade by equitable terms of trade,a general non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory sys-tem of preferences for the exports of developing coun-tries to the developed countries, the establishmentand implementation of general and comprehensivecommodity agreements, and the financing of reason-able buffer stocks by international institutions.

Article 24( a ) Intensification of international co-operation

with a view to ensuring the international exchangeof information, knowledge and experience concerningsocial progress and development;

(b) The broadest possible international technical,scientific and cultural co-operation and reciprocalutilization of the experience of countries with differenteconomic and social systems and different levels ofdevelopment, on the basis of mutual advantage andstrict observance of and respect for national sover-eignty;

( c ) Increased utilization of science and technologyfor social and economic development; arrangementsfor the transfer and exchange of technology, includ-ing know-how and patents, to the developing coun-tries.

Article 25(a) The establishment of legal and administrative

measures for the protection and improvement of thehuman environment at both national and internationallevels;

(b) The use and exploitation, in accordance withthe appropriate international regimes, of the re-sources of areas of the environment such as outerspace and the sea-bed and ocean floor and the subsoilthereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, inorder to supplement national resources available forthe achievement of economic and social progress anddevelopment in every country, irrespective of its geo-graphical location, special consideration being given tothe interests and needs of the developing countries.

Article 26Compensation for damages, be they social or eco-

nomic in nature—including restitution and repara-tions—caused as a result of aggression and of illegaloccupation of territory by the aggressor.

Article 27(a) The achievement of general and complete dis-

armament and the channelling of the progressivelyreleased resources to be used for economic and socialprogress for the welfare of people everywhere and, inparticular, for the benefit of developing countries;

( b ) The adoption of measures contributing to dis-armament, including, inter alia, the complete prohi-bition of tests of nuclear weapons, the prohibition ofthe development, production and stockpiling of chem-ical and bacteriological (biological) weapons and theprevention of the pollution of oceans and inlandwaters by nuclear wastes.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATIONON SOCIAL PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENTA/C.3/L.1736 and Add.1,2. India, Kenya, Nigeria,

Peru, Poland, Uganda: draft resolution, orally co-sponsored by Upper Volta and Morocco, as orallyrevised by sponsors and as orally amended byCyprus, Italy, Netherlands, United States and Yu-goslavia, approved by Third Committee on 28 No-vember 1969, meeting 1719, by 87 votes to O, with3 abstentions.

A/7833. Report of Third Committee, draft resolution,para. 531.

RESOLUTION 2543 (xxiv), as recommended by ThirdCommittee, A/7833, adopted by Assembly on 11December 1969, meeting 1829, by 117 votes to O,with 1 abstention.

The General Assembly,Having adopted the Declaration on Social Progress

and Development,Conscious of the importance of the Declaration for

the formulation and implementation of national poli-cies and measures and for undertaking joint and sepa-rate action to promote higher and improved stand-ards of living, full employment and conditionsconducive to rapid economic and social progress,

Strongly desirous of achieving the effective reali-zation of the provisions of the Declaration,

1. Recommends that all Governments should takeinto consideration in their policies, plans and pro-grammes the principles, objectives and means andmethods of the Declaration on Social Progress andDevelopment;

2. Decides that the Declaration shall be taken intoaccount in the formulation of the strategy for theSecond United Nations Development Decade and inthe implementation of programmes of internationalaction to be carried out during the Decade;

3. Urges all Governments to take into account theprovisions of the Declaration in their bilateral andmultilateral relations in the field of development;

4. Recommends that international organizationsand agencies concerned with development shouldconsider the Declaration as an important internationaldocument in the formulation of strategies and pro-grammes designed to achieve social progress and de-velopment, and that it may be taken into considera-tion in the drafting of instruments that the UnitedNations may undertake in the field of social progressand development;

5. Requests the Secretary-General to arrange, inco-operation with Governments, the widest possibledissemination of the Declaration;

6. Further requests the Secretary-General to in-form the General Assembly, in a summary form inannexes to the reports on the world social situation,of the measures adopted by Governments—not in-cluded in other reports provided on a regular basis—and by the international organizations concerned forthe realization of the provisions of the Declaration andfor the implementation of the present resolution.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS

Social Aspects of the Second United Nations Development Decade

439

The social aspects of the Second United Na-tions Development Decade were considered bythe Commission for Social Development at its1969 session (17 February-5 March). The Com-mission had before it a note by the Secretary-General which described progress made in thepreparations for the Second United NationsDevelopment Decade (1970-1980) and pre-sented ideas on the integration of social aspectsin the strategy for the Decade. (For furtherinformation on the Second United Nations De-velopment Decade, see pp. 272-91.)

By and large, the First Development Decade(1960-1970) had failed to achieve its goals, theCommission felt. One of the main reasons forthe failure of the First Decade was that its over-all targets were expressed in global and universalterms and did not reflect the varying conditionsin different regions and sub-regions of theworld. Also, as indicated in the note by theSecretary-General, these targets were too sim-plistic, too few, and did not present workableguidelines for national and international poli-cies and programmes. Moreover, the Commis-sion noted, the First Development Decade hadfailed to indicate clearly and in any detail themeans for achieving its specified ends.

In its discussion of the Second United Na-tions Development Decade, the Commissionstressed that economic development should notonly proceed at a much faster pace but shouldalso be accompanied by a certain degree ofequity and social justice. Development shouldbe viewed as a dynamic process involving aninteraction between social, cultural, economicand political factors. Economic investment in it-self did not guarantee development in the devel-oping countries, the Commission emphasized.On the contrary, economic growth, urbanizationand industrialization were often accompaniedby a number of social ills that tended to mini-mize, or even negate, the benefits derived fromgrowth. The Commission stressed the need forincreased research into the measurement andintegration of social and economic development,noting that it was essential to find the most effec-tive ways of promoting economic growth whilepreventing as much as possible its undesirablesocial consequences.

In addition to agreeing that the most impor-tant guideline in formulating the strategy forthe Second Development Decade was the needto integrate social and economic goals and pro-grammes, the Commission also stressed the needfor intensive consultations with policy-makers atthe national, regional and sub-regional levels;for increased assistance from developed to de-veloping countries; and for co-ordination of in-ternational programmes.

On 5 June 1969, acting on the basis of arecommendation by the Commission, the Eco-nomic and Social Council reaffirmed the neces-sity for the progressive integration of social andeconomic goals and programmes, particularly inthe context of the Second United Nations De-velopment Decade. The Council emphasized theneed to consider social programmes as an essen-tial factor in the process of economic growth.

The Council also emphasized the importanceof close and direct consultations between appro-priate members of the United Nations family oforganizations and officials and planners in thedeveloping countries in formulating integratedgoals and programmes for the Second Develop-ment Decade.

In addition, the Council called upon economi-cally advanced countries that had not alreadydone so to implement a decision of the UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Developmentwhich recommended that economically devel-oped countries endeavour to provide resourcesto developing countries of a minimum netamount of 1 per cent of their gross nationalproduct.

The Council decided that in formulating thegoals and programmes of the Second Develop-ment Decade it would take into account theabove considerations; utilize the expertise of thespecialized agencies and other bodies in thesocial development and planning fields; andmake full use of the studies and recommenda-tions undertaken by the United Nations Devel-opment Programme, the International Bank forReconstruction and Development, the EnlargedCommittee for Programme and Co-ordinationand the regional development banks.

Finally, the Council requested the Secretary-General to review and evaluate all means at his


disposal to further the integrated aims of theSecond Development Decade, and to report tothe Council, through the Commission for SocialDevelopment at its 1970 session, on progressachieved in the implementation of these de-cisions.

These actions of the Council were embodied inresolution 1409 (XLVI), unanimously adopted

on the recommendation of the Council's SocialCommittee, which approved the text on 16 May1969, by roll-call vote of 22 to O, with 2 absten-tions. The text was based on a draft resolutionproposed by the Commission for Social Devel-opment and orally amended by France. (Fortext of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY REFER-ENCES below.)


ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL——46TH SESSION

Social Committee, meetings 607-610, 612, 613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l., E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commission for Social Development onits 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, ChapterVI, and summary prepared by Secretary-General.

E/4620, Chapter X. Draft resolution V, proposed byCommission for Social Development and orallyamended by France, approved by Social Committeeon 16 May 1969, meeting 612, by roll-call vote of22 to O, with 2 abstentions, as follows:

In favour: Argentina, Belgium, Chad, Congo(Brazzaville), France, Guatemala, India, Indo-nesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Libya, Mexico,Norway, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Turkey,United Kingdom, United States, Upper Volta,Yugoslavia.

Against: None.Abstaining: Bulgaria, USSR.

E/L.1255. Letter of 23 May 1969 from USSR.E/4681 and Corr.l. Report of Social Committee, draft

resolution V, and para. 9, recommendation (b).

RESOLUTION 1409(XLVI), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, adopted unanimously by Coun-cil on 5 June 1969, meeting 1600.

The Economic and Social Council,Recalling its resolution 1320(XLIV) of 31 May

1968 on the world social situation, in which it calledupon the Committee for Development Planning totake into account a number of criteria for integratingsocial and economic goals and programmes in theformulation of the Second United Nations Develop-ment Decade,

Recalling also its resolution 1356(XLV) of 2August 1968 concerning the United Nations De-velopment Decade,

Recalling further General Assembly resolution 2411(XXIII) of 17 December 1968 on international strat-egy for the Second United Nations DevelopmentDecade,

Recalling further General Assembly resolution 2436(XXIII) of 19 December 1968 concerning the Reporton the World Situation, 1967 and calling upon theeconomically advanced Member States which have notyet reached the target fixed in decision 2 7 ( I I ) of the

United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop-ment, of 28 March 1968, on the aid volume target, tomake every effort to reach it as soon as possible, sothat the problems of social development can be dealtwith appropriately in co-ordination with the solutionof the problems of economic development,

Having considered with satisfaction the note by theSecretary-General to the Commission for Social De-velopment at its twentieth session on the SecondUnited Nations Development Decade with specialreference to the social aspects, as well as records ofthe debate on the item during that session of theCommission,

1. Reaffirms the necessity for the progressive inte-gration of social and economic goals and programmes,particularly in the context of the strategy of the Sec-ond United Nations Development Decade;

2. Stresses in particular the need to consider socialprogrammes as an essential factor in the process ofeconomic growth as well as for furthering social aimsand ensuring a healthy social and human environ-ment;

3. Emphasizes the importance of formulatingthrough close and direct consultations between theappropriate members of the United Nations familyof organizations and officials and planners in thedeveloping countries integrated goals and programmesfor the Second United Nations Developing Decadewhich reflect the varied needs and capabilities of thesecountries;

4. Recognizes that the success of the SecondUnited Nations Development Decade will greatly de-pend on the ways and means to achieve its goals andevaluate its progress;

5. Calls upon economically advanced countrieswhich have not yet done so to implement decision2 7 ( I I ) of the United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development on the aid volume target;

6. Decides, in formulating the goals and pro-grammes of the Second United Nations DevelopmentDecade:

(a) To take into account the above considerations;( b ) To utilize the expertise of the specialized

agencies and other bodies, including the regionaleconomic commissions, in the social development andplanning fields, as well as in the corresponding eco-nomic fields;

(c) To make full use, inter alia, of the studiesbeing undertaken by the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme and the International Bank for Recon-struction and Development, and of the recommenda-


tions of the Enlarged Committee for Programme andCo-ordination;

(d) To utilize fully the relevant studies beingundertaken by the regional development banks;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to review andevaluate all means at his disposal to further theintegrated aims of the Decade;

8. Further requests the Secretary-General to re-port to the Economic and Social Council, through the

Commission for Social Development at its twenty-firstsession, on progress achieved in the implementationof this resolution.

E/4715. Resolutions adopted by Economic and SocialCouncil at its 46th session, 12 May-6 June 1969.Other decisions, p. 9, recommendation (b) .

A/7603 and Corr.l. Report of Economic and SocialCouncil to General Assembly, Chapter VIII E.

Other Aspects of Social Development PolicyREVIEW OF TECHNICALCO-OPERATION ACTIVITIES

A report reviewing technical co-operationprogrammes of the United Nations system in thesocial field, prepared in pursuance of an Eco-nomic and Social Council resolution of 6 June1967,6 was submitted to the Commission forSocial Development at its 1969 session. Thereport, which had been prepared by five specialrapporteurs chosen from among member Statesof the Commission, was later considered by theEconomic and Social Council at its May-June1969 session.

The report of the special rapporteurs empha-sized the need for an integrated approach todevelopment and offered suggestions for achiev-ing this within the United Nations machinery.Among the suggestions made were the follow-ing: improved inter-agency co-operation atUnited Nations Headquarters and at the re-gional and country levels; co-ordination be-tween bilateral and multilateral assistance; thestrengthening of the role of the United NationsIndustrial Development Organization (UNIDO) ;the increased use of volunteers in United Na-tions programmes and pilot schemes; greateremphasis on the training of personnel in thefield of social welfare; and the promotion ofpopular participation in social developmentprogrammes.

On 5 June 1969, the Economic and SocialCouncil recommended that the report, togetherwith the comments made thereon in the Com-mission for Social Development and in theCouncil, be forwarded to the Governments ofMember States for their consideration and in-vited Governments to transmit to the Secretary-General their views thereon.

The Council asked that the findings andrecommendations of the special rapporteurs begiven serious attention in plans and programmesfor the Second United Nations Development

Decade, as well as by the agencies and organi-zations providing development assistance, inparticular the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP), UNIDO, the InternationalBank for Reconstruction and Development andthe regional development banks.

The Council further recommended, amongother things, that the report: (1) be placed onthe agenda of the appropriate session of theGoverning Council of UNDP and be taken fullyinto account in the study of future needs forpre-investment activity; and (2) be made avail-able to the Enlarged Committee for Programmeand Co-ordination for its consideration.

The Council also requested the Secretary-General to arrange for an inter-agency study ofthe report, with the purpose of further strength-ening the operational programmes of the UnitedNations system.

The Council then requested the Commissionfor Social Development, at its 1970 session, toreview, on the basis of a progress report by theSecretary-General, action taken or planned onthe recommendations of the special rapporteurs,and to consider the comments of Governments;and to advise the Council on further stepsnecessary to ensure that the social aspects ofdevelopment were effectively provided for in theprogrammes for the Second Development Dec-ade and in the technical co-operation servicesof the United Nations system.

These decisions were embodied in resolution1408 (XLVI), which the Council unanimouslyadopted on the recommendation of its SocialCommittee. On 16 May 1969, the Social Com-mittee had unanimously approved the text asproposed by the Commission for Social Develop-ment. (For text of resolution, see DOCUMENTARYREFERENCES below.)

6 See Y.U.N., 1967, pp. 447-48, text of resolutionI227(XLII).

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL QUESTIONS

REPORTS ON WORLD SOCIAL SITUATIONIn 1969, the Economic and Social Council

and the Commission for Social Development ex-amined the question of how often the Secretary-General's periodic reports on the world socialsituation, hitherto issued every three years,should be prepared. The matter was taken upat the request of the General Assembly which,on 19 December 1968, had requested, inter alia,that the Economic and Social Council ask theCommission for Social Development to considerat what intervals thereafter the report should beproduced in order to accord with the timing ofnational development plans and the need toassess the world social situation in the middleand at the end of each decade.7

At its 1969 session, the Commission for SocialDevelopment agreed on the key role played bythe periodic reports on the world situation. How-ever, the Commission proposed no change in thecurrent system of reports, although the questionwas raised whether the reports might not beissued every five instead of every three years.

On 5 June 1969, the Economic and SocialCouncil: (1) took note of the Assembly's re-quest of the Secretary-General that he submitthe next report on the world social situation in1970;8 and (2) asked the Commission for SocialDevelopment to examine the question of theperiodicity of the reports on the world socialsituation when it met in 1970.

These decisions of the Council were embodiedin resolution 1410(XLVI), which was unani-mously adopted on the recommendation of theSocial Committee. The text was based on adraft resolution sponsored by the United King-dom and orally amended by Pakistan and wasadopted unanimously by the Social Committeeon 16 May 1969. (For text of resolution, seeDOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.)

THE UNITED NATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTE FORSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The United Nations Research Institute forSocial Development, which began operations on1 July 1964, was created to further the objec-tives of the First United Nations DevelopmentDecade by conducting research into the problemsand policies of social development and its rela-tion to economic development. The Institute,

started with a special grant from the Nether-lands Government, had been supported by vol-untary contributions from governmental andprivate sources.

At its 1969 session, the Commission for SocialDevelopment heard a statement by the Directorof the Institute that the funds currently avail-able to the Institute would be exhausted duringthe first half of 1970.

The Commission strongly recommended thecontinuation of the Institute at least until 1973,and it appealed to United Nations MemberStates to heed an earlier request of the Secretary-General for voluntary contributions.

At the suggestion of the Secretary-General,the Commission for Social Development alsorecommended increasing from five to seven thenumber of members of the Institute's Board ofDirectors to be elected by the Council, in orderto allow for greater regional and expert repre-sentation. The Commission then nominatedseven candidates to serve for three-year termsbeginning 1 July 1969.

At its mid-1969 session, the Economic andSocial Council noted with satisfaction (withoutadopting a formal resolution) the report of theBoard of the Institute, and agreed that its re-search had become a necessary ingredient in thework of the United Nations. The Council en-dorsed the Commission's appeal to MemberStates to heed the request of the Secretary-General for voluntary contributions to allow theInstitute to continue its work beyond 1970. Itendorsed, too, the Commission's recommenda-tion that the number of elected members of theBoard of the Institute be increased to seven, andit elected to membership of the Board the sevenexperts nominated by the Commission. (Formembers of the Board of Directors of the Insti-tute, see APPENDIX III.)

WORK PROGRAMME OF COMMISSIONA five-year work programme for the period

1969-1973 was approved by the Commission forSocial Development at its 1969 session. Theprogramme called for activities in the followingbroad fields: social policy, planning and admin-

7 See Y.U.N., 1968, pp. 489-90, text of resolution2436(XXIII).

8 Ibid.


istration; social reforms and institutional change; Social Council endorsed the work programme ofhuman resources and popular participation in the Commission. It took this action withoutdevelopment; and technical co-operation. adopting a formal resolution.

At its mid-1969 session, the Economic and

REVIEW OF TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION ACTIVITIES

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL—46TH SESSIONSocial Committee, meetings 607, 609, 612, 613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l, E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commission for Social Development onits 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, Chap-ter V, and summary of report prepared by Secre-tary-General.

E/4620, Chapter X. Draft resolution IV, proposed byCommission for Social Development, approvedunanimously by Social Committee on 16 May 1969,meeting 612.

E/4681 and Corr.l. Report of Social Committee, draftresolution IV.

RESOLUTION 1408(XLVI), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, adopted unanimously by Coun-cil on 5 June 1969, meeting 1600.

The Economic and Social Council,Recalling its resolution 1227(XLII) of 6 June 1967

relating, inter alia, to the appointment of SpecialRapporteurs to review technical co-operation activitiesin social development,

Having taken note of the report of the SpecialRapporteurs appointed to undertake a review of tech-nical co-operation activities in social development,

1. Commends the Special Rapporteurs for theefficient way in which they have carried out theircomplex task and for the contribution their recom-mendations could make in strengthening the opera-tional programmes of the United Nations system;

2. Expresses its appreciation to the Governmentsconcerned for their co-operation in facilitating thework of the Special Rapporteurs and to the agenciesand organizations which participated in the review,as well as to the Secretary-General and his assistantsboth at United Nations Headquarters and in thefield;

3. Recommends that the report of the SpecialRapporteurs, together with the comments madethereon in the Commission for Social Developmentand in the Council, be forwarded to Governments ofMember States for their consideration and invitesGovernments to transmit to the Secretary-General assoon as possible their views thereon;

4. Considers it important that the findings andrecommendations of the Special Rapporteurs, to-gether with relevant sections of the report of theCommission for Social Development on its twentiethsession, should be given serious attention in plansand programmes for the Second United Nations De-

velopment Decade and by the agencies and organi-zations providing development assistance, especiallythe United Nations Industrial Development Organi-zation, the International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment and the regional development banks;

5. For this purpose:(a) Decides to consider the report of the Special

Rapporteurs and the comments thereon as part of thedocumentation for its further work on preparationsfor the Second United Nations Development Decadeand to examine the recommendations and the com-ments thereon relevant to the advancement of anintegrated socio-economic development strategy forthe Decade;

(b) Recommends that the report and the com-ments thereon be placed on the agenda of an appro-priate session of the Governing Council of the UnitedNations Development Programme and that it betaken fully into account in the study on future needsfor pre-investment activity in relation to the admin-istrative capacity of the United Nations system toprogramme and implement such activities, which willbe submitted to the Governing Council;

(c) Recommends that the report and the com-ments thereon be made available to the EnlargedCommittee for Programme and Co-ordination for itsconsideration;

(d) Requests the Secretary-General to make ar-rangements as soon as possible for an inter-agencystudy of the report and the comments thereon, toensure that the recommendations which are directlyrelated to practical co-operation among the agenciesand organizations concerned with social developmentand the relevant views put forward during the dis-cussions in the Commission for Social Developmentand the Economic and Social Council are consideredin detail in the further strengthening of the opera-tional programmes of the United Nations system;

6. Further requests the Commission for SocialDevelopment, at its twenty-first session:

(a) To review, on the basis of a progress report bythe Secretary-General, action taken or planned onthe recommendations of the Special Rapporteurs, andto consider the comments of Governments;

(b) To advise the Economic and Social Councilon further steps the Commission considers necessaryto ensure that the social aspects of development areeffectively provided for in the programmes for theSecond United Nations Development Decade and inthe technical co-operation services of the UnitedNations system.

A/7603 and Corr.l. Report of Economic and SocialCouncil to General Assembly, 3 August 1968-8 August 1969, Chapter VIII D.


444REPORTS ON WORLD SITUATION



Social Committee, meeting 613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l. Report of Commission for SocialDevelopment on its 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, para. 116.

E/AC.7/L.555. United Kingdom: draft resolution, asorally revised by sponsor and as orally amended byPakistan, adopted unanimously by Social Commit-tee on 16 May 1969, meeting 613.

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, draft resolu-tion VI.

RESOLUTION 1410(xLVi), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, and as orally amended byPakistan, adopted unanimously by Council on 5June 1969, meeting 1600.

The Economic and Social Council,Recalling resolution 2215(XXI) of 19 December

1966, in which the General Assembly, inter alia, re-quested the Secretary-General to submit periodic re-ports on the world social situation to the Assemblyevery three years,

Recalling also resolution 2436(XXIII) of 19 De-cember 1968, in which the General Assembly, interalia, requested the Secretary-General to submit thenext report on the world social situation in 1970 andrequested the Economic and Social Council to askthe Commission for Social Development to consider atwhat intervals thereafter the report should be pro-duced in order to accord with the timing of nationaldevelopment plans and the need to assess the worldsocial situation in the middle and at the end of eachdecade,

Noting also that at the twentieth session of theCommission for Social Development the question wasraised as to whether quinquennial rather than trien-nial reports would not fit in better with the timing ofdevelopment plans, and the need to assess progressduring the Second United Nations DevelopmentDecade,

1. Takes note of the request to the Secretary-General to submit the next report on the world socialsituation in 1970;

2. Requests the Commission for Social Develop-ment, in accordance with General Assembly resolution2436 (XXIII) to discuss the question of the periodicityof the reports on the world social situation at itstwenty-first session.

THE UNITED NATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTE FORSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL—46TH SESSIONSocial Committee, meeting 613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l, E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commission for Social Development on

its 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, Chap-ter VIII (paras. 157 and 158, and resolution8(XX)), and summary of report prepared bySecretary-General.

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, para. 9, recom-mendation (d).

E/4715. Resolutions adopted by Economic and SocialCouncil during its 46th session, 12 May-6 June1969. Other decisions, p. 9, recommendation (d).

A/7603 and Corr.l. Report of Economic and SocialCouncil to General Assembly, 3 August 1968-8 August 1969, Chapter VIII G.

WORK PROGRAMME OF COMMISSION

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL—46TH SESSIONSocial Committee, meeting 613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l, E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commision for Social Development on its20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, ChapterVII, and summary of report prepared by Secretary-General.

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, para. 9, recom-mendation (c).

E/4715. Resolutions adopted by Economic and SocialCouncil at its 46th session 12 May-6 June 1969.Other decisions, p. 9, recommendation (c).

A/7603 and Corr.l. Report of Economic and SocialCouncil to General Assembly, 3 August 1968-8 August 1969, Chapter VIII F.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONFOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL—46TH SESSIONSocial Committee, meetings 607-613.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l, E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commission for Social Development onits 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, andsummary of report prepared by Secretary-General.(For list of documents before Commission, seeAnnex IV.)

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, draft resolutionVII, as orally proposed by United Kingdom,adopted without vote by Social Committee on 16May 1969, meeting 613.

RESOLUTION 1411(xLvi), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, adopted unanimously by Coun-cil on 5 June 1969, meeting 1600, taking note withappreciation of report of Commission for SocialDevelopment on its 20th session.

OTHER DOCUMENTSA/7601. Annual report of Secretary-General on work

of the Organization, 16 June 1968-15 June 1969,Chapter VII B.

ST/TAO/SER.C/112. Report of Seminar on SocialAspects of Development Planning, Beirut, Lebanon,18-21 November 1968.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS

HOUSING, BUILDING AND PLANNING

445

TECHNICAL AID IN 1969During 1969, the services of 150 experts were

provided by the United Nations in the field ofhousing, building and planning in the following50 countries and territories: Afghanistan, Al-geria, Botswana, Brazil, Cambodia, Ceylon,China, the Congo (Brazzaville), eastern Carib-bean islands (Barbados, Grand Caymans, Do-minica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St.Lucia, St. Vincent, Tortola, and Turks and Cai-cos), El Salvador, Gabon, the Gambia, Ghana,Guatemala, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Libya, Ma-dagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria,Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, SaudiArabia, Singapore, Somalia, Syria, Togo, Trini-dad and Tobago, Uganda, the United Republicof Tanzania, Upper Volta, Venezuela, Yemen,Yugoslavia and Zambia.

Three inter-regional advisers undertook short-term missions to 26 countries. In accordancewith an Economic and Social Council resolu-tion of 6 June 1967,9 by which, inter alia, Mem-ber States were invited to consider initiation ofpilot programmes, adapted to the needs of de-veloping countries, for the resettlement ofsquatter and slum areas, a mission was sent toChile, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela toexplore the needs of these countries in thisregard.

Three regional advisers in the field of housingwere attached to the Economic Commission forAfrica; one housing adviser served the EconomicCommission for Latin America; and one expertserved in the United Nations Economic andSocial Office in Beirut. During 1969, the serv-ices of 11 associate experts were provided toAfrica, nine to Latin America and two to theMiddle East and Europe.

A roving seminar on standardization andmodular co-ordination in the building industryenabled about 250 administrators, engineers andarchitects to participate in seminar sessions inBurma, Ceylon, China, India and the Republicof Korea. The seminar was held in co-operationwith the Economic Commission for Asia and theFar East.

Fellowships permitted 27 persons to partici-pate in an inter-regional seminar on physicalplanning for urban, regional and national de-velopment, held in Romania in September 1969.

In addition, 56 fellowships were awarded forstudy abroad to nationals of the following coun-tries: Afghanistan, Chile, India, Iraq, Ireland,Jordan, Laos, Lebanon, Malawi, Mexico, Niger,Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore and Yugo-slavia.

During 1969, three projects in the housing,building and planning field were approved forfinancing under the Special Fund Componentof the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), as follows: regional and national physi-cal planning, Saudi Arabia; the Centre forHousing and Construction, Damascus, Syria;and regional physical planning, Republic ofKorea.

Among the publications issued in 1969 wereRural Housing: Review of World Conditions,Modular Co-ordination of Low-cost Housingand Basics of Housing Management.

DECISIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ONHOUSING, BUILDING AND PLANNING

The sixth session of the Committee on Hous-ing, Building and Planning was held at UnitedNations Headquarters, New York, from 2 to 12September 1969.

The Committee had before it a report by theSecretary-General on housing, building andplanning in the Second United Nations Devel-opment Decade, outlining a strategy for develop-ment in this field in the 1970s.

A draft resolution on the Second United Na-tions Development Decade and the crisis ofhuman settlements was submitted by Ghana. Bythe draft, the Committee declared that a world-wide emergency existed in the development ofhuman settlements and that fresh and innovativemeasures were required if the current trend ofurban deterioration, with its accompanying so-cial disintegration, was to be reversed. TheCommittee recommended that problems of hu-man settlements be accorded a high prioritywithin the Second Development Decade andthat Member States adopt comprehensive poli-cies to cope with the increasingly grave problemsof urbanization. Among other things, the Com-mittee requested the Secretary-General to allo-

9 See Y.U.N., 1967, pp. 455-56, text of resolution1224(XLII).


cate sufficient resources to implement its workprogramme and to encourage expanded activi-ties by the United Nations organizations in ruraland urban development.

Due to lack of time, the Committee did notadopt a final version of the draft resolution, butit agreed unanimously to recommend the senseof the text to the Economic and Social Councilfor its consideration and action.

The Committee on Housing, Building andPlanning also had before it a report on a cam-paign to focus world-wide attention on housing.The report was prepared by the Secretary-Gen-eral in accordance with an Economic and SocialCouncil request of 28 May 1968 that he ascer-tain the views of Member States on the possi-bility of convening regional conferences, initi-ating a programme of public information, anddesignating an international year for housingand urban and rural development during theSecond United Nations Development Decade.10

The Secretary-General's report included theviews of 78 Governments, 73 of which sup-ported the idea of an international housing cam-paign. The Committee urged the Economic andSocial Council to approve the Secretary-Gen-eral's proposal that an advisory group be ap-pointed to assist him in drafting a detailed planof action for the campaign.

The Committee on Housing, Building andPlanning also considered a progress report onpreparations for the world housing survey, re-quested by the Economic and Social Councilon 28 May 1968.11 The Committee noted thata major source of information for the survey—the national housing and population censusesto be taken in 1970—might not be available by1973, as originally requested by the Council.The Committee recommended that every at-tempt be made to meet the 1973 deadline, butthat in any event the world housing survey bepublished no later than 1975.

Also considered in 1969 by the Committeewas the question of establishing a United Na-tions international institute for documentationon housing, building and planning. On 28 May1968, the Economic and Social Council hadrequested the Secretary-General to approachMember States for funds to undertake the nec-essary preparatory work for such an institute.12

The Committee noted that the Secretary-Gen-eral's appeal had drawn only three positive

responses, and it recommended that he renewhis efforts to impress Member States with theimportance of the project and persuade them tosupport it.

The Committee took note of a report of theSecretary-General on the pilot demonstrationprogramme undertaken by an Economic andSocial Council decision of 6 June 1967.13 Theprogramme was aimed at improving living con-ditions in rural and urban areas in developingcountries, with the participation of local citizens.The report noted that consultations had beenheld with Government agencies in developingcountries and with specialized agencies andnon-governmental organizations in several pos-sible donor countries. The Committee urgeddeveloped countries to play a more active rolein supporting the programme.

Also reviewed were the continuing activitiesin accordance with a Council request of 5August 196614 concerning the financing of hous-ing and community facilities. The Committeeon Housing, Building and Planning noted thegrowing awareness on the part of Governmentsof the importance of adequate financial measuresfor progress in housing. It also took note ofsuch successful sources of financing as savingsand loan associations, social security systemsand life insurance companies.

The Committee agreed that the Centre forHousing, Building and Planning should play anactive role in the preparations for the UnitedNations Conference on the Human Environ-ment in 1972. The hope was expressed that theConference would help to develop a contem-porary philosophy of urban growth and wouldstudy ways in which cities could be made torespond to human needs through planning anddesign.

A work programme for the Committee cover-ing the six-year period 1970-1975, was approved.The programme included the continuing func-tions of technical co-operation, servicing andperiodic reporting of relevant United Nationsmeetings, and collection and analysis of data;

10 See Y.U.N., 1968, p. 504, text of resolution1300(XLIV).

11 Ibid., pp. 503-4, text of resolution 1299(XLIV).12 Ibid., pp. 504-5, text of resolution 1301 (XLIV).13 See footnote 6.14 See Y.U.N., 1966, p. 378, text of resolution 1170

(XLI).


16 study projects; and special campaigns, pro-jects and seminars.

The Committee agreed that the Centre forHousing, Building and Planning should playbasically a catalytic and co-ordinating role, andthat the task of defining needs and developingprogrammes should be left primarily to theCommittee. However, the Committee also feltthat Member States should be made more awareof the work of the Centre, and to that end itrecommended that the Centre circulate to Gov-ernments of Member States and other interestedGovernments a regular bulletin on its activities.

DECISIONS BYGENERAL ASSEMBLY

Questions of housing, building and planningwere also considered later in 1969 by the Gen-eral Assembly.

By decisions taken on 16 December, the As-sembly recognized the continued deteriorationof human settlements and the imperative needto mobilize national and international resourcesfor their improvement. It further recognizedthe importance of the housing, building andplanning sector in economic and social develop-ment and the desirability of according it anappropriate role in the Second United NationsDevelopment Decade.

The Assembly then endorsed an Economicand Social Council recommendation of 28 May196815 that the biennial reporting requirementsspecified in an Assembly resolution of 7 De-cember 196516 be replaced by a quinquennialhousing survey of an analytical and comparativecharacter, to be published initially in 1973.

The Assembly requested the Secretary-Gen-eral to prepare as soon as possible, and cer-tainly by 1975, a comprehensive housing survey,in accordance with its resolution of 7 December1965. The survey should (1) place equal em-phasis on rural and urban sectors of housing,

(2) especially consider the needs and problemsof the developing countries and (3) take intoaccount the results of the 1970 round of popu-lation and housing censuses.

Also, the Assembly urged that in preparingthe strategy for the Second United Nations De-velopment Decade, due attention be given toproblems in the field of housing, building andplanning.

The Assembly further requested the Secre-tary-General to submit to it, in 1970, a reporton the problems and priorities confronting Mem-ber States in the field of housing, building andplanning, together with his conclusions and rec-ommendations on these matters. The report wasto be based on available material, including dataon housing collected by the International La-bour Organisation, and was to pay particularattention to (1) trends in building and financingcosts, and (2) the need for low-income housing,rural housing, community facilities and environ-mental improvements.

Finally, the Assembly decided to consider thequestion of housing, building and planning asa matter of high priority during its 1970 session.

These decisions of the General Assembly wereembodied in resolution 2598 (XXIV), whichwas adopted unanimously. The resolution wasrecommended by the Assembly's Third (Social,Humanitarian and Cultural) Committee, whichunanimously approved the text on 12 December1969. The sponsors of the resolution in theThird Committee were Chile, the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Denmark, Finland, In-dia, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, the Phil-ippines, Sierra Leone, Sweden, the United ArabRepublic, the United States, Uruguay, Vene-zuela and Yugoslavia. (For text of resolution,See DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.)

15 See footnote 11.16 See Y.U.N., 1965,

2036(XX).p. 396, text of resolution


DECISIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ONHOUSING, BUILDING AND PLANNING

E/4758 and Corr.l,2, and E/4758 (Summary). Re-port of 6th session of Committee on Housing,Building and Planning, 2-12 September 1969, andSummary of report. (For list of documents beforeCommittee, see Annex III).

DECISIONS BYGENERAL ASSEMBLY

GENERAL ASSEMBLY——24TH SESSION

Third Committee, meeting 1734.Plenary Meeting 1835.

A/7679. Note by Secretary-General.


A/G.3/L.1746 and Add.1,2. Chile, Democratic Re-public of Congo, Denmark, Finland, India, Japan,Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Sierra Leone,Sweden, United Arab Republic, United States,Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia: draft resolution,approved unanimously by Third Committee on 12December 1969, meeting 1734.

A/7905. Report of Third Committee.

RESOLUTION 2598(xxiv), as proposed by Third Com-mittee, A/7905, adopted unanimously by Assemblyon 16 December 1969, meeting 1835.

The General Assembly,Recognizing the continued deterioration of human

settlements and the imperative need for mobilizingnational and international resources for their improve-ment,

Recognizing further the importance of the housing,building and planning sector in economic and socialdevelopment and the desirability of according it anappropriate role in the Second United Nations De-velopment Decade,

Bearing in mind the report and recommendations ofthe Interregional Seminar on Rural Housing andCommunity Facilities, held at Maracay, Venezuela,from 2 to 19 April 1967, which suggested that greaterattention should be given to rural housing and envi-ronmental services in the work undertaken by theCommittee on Housing, Building and Planning andthe Centre for Housing, Building and Planning, sincethis was one of the greatest problems confronting thedeveloping countries in the housing sector,

Recalling its resolution 2036(XX) of 7 December1965 which concerns, in part, the preparation ofbiennial progress reports on the measures taken byMember States towards the solution of their housing,building and planning problems,

Recalling further Economic and Social Councilresolution 1299(XLIV) of 28 May 1968, in whichthe Council suggested certain changes in the reportingrequirements specified in General Assembly resolution2036 (XX),

Taking into consideration the note by the Secretary-General,

Adhering to the recommendations of the Ad HocCommittee of Experts to Examine the Finances ofthe United Nations and the Specialized Agencies, inso far as reduction of the volume of documentationis concerned, as endorsed in General Assembly reso-lution 2150 (XXI) of 4 November 1966,

1. Endorses Economic and Social Council resolu-tion 1299(XLIV) and decides that the biennial re-porting requirements specified in General Assemblyresolution 2036 (XX) be replaced by a quinquennialhousing survey of an analytical and comparativecharacter;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare assoon as possible, and certainly by 1975, a comprehen-sive housing survey, in accordance with resolution2036 (XX), which will place equal emphasis on the

rural and urban sectors of housing, especially con-sidering the needs and problems of the developingcountries and taking into account the results of the1970 round of population and housing censuses;

3. Urges that, in the preparation of the strategy forthe Second United Nations Development Decade, dueattention be given to the problems in the field ofhousing, building and planning, in view of the in-creasingly adverse impact that inadequate housingand community facilities are having upon social andeconomic development in rural and urban settle-ments;

4. Further requests the Secretary-General to sub-mit to the General Assembly at its twenty-fifth session,on the basis of available material, including data onhousing collected by the International Labour Or-ganisation, a report ascertaining the problems andpriorities confronting Member States in the field ofhousing, building and planning, and in particulargiving information on trends in building and financingcosts and the need for low-income housing, ruralhousing, community facilities and environmental im-provements, together with his conclusions and recom-mendations on these matters;

5. Decides to consider the question of housing,building and planning as a matter of high priorityduring its twenty-fifth session.

ELECTIONS


Plenary Meeting 1599.

E/4631 and Add.1-3. Election of nine members ofCommittee on Housing, Building and Planning.

E/4715. Resolutions adopted by Economic and SocialCouncil at its 46th session, 12 May-6 June 1969.Other decisions, p. 26.

OTHER DOCUMENTSRural Housing: Review of World Conditions (ST/

SO A/87). U.N.P. Sales No.: 69.IV.8.Modular Co-ordination of Low-cost Housing (ST/

SO A/90). U.N.P. Sales No.: E.69.IV.5.Basics of Housing Management (ST/SOA/92). U.N.P.

Sales No.: 69.IV.12.Urbanization in Second United Nations Development

Decade (ST/ECA/132 and Corr.l). (Slightly re-vised text of report of Secretary-General on hous-ing, building and planning in Second United Na-tions Development Decade (E/C.6/90).) U.N.P.Sales No.: E.70.IV.5.

Administrative Aspects of Urbanization, based oncomparative study carried out with co-operation ofInstitute of Public Administration of New York,and on United Nations Workshop on Administra-tive Aspects of Urbanization, held at Institute ofSocial Studies, The Hague, Netherlands, 11-20November 1968 (ST/TAO/M/51). U.N.P. SalesNo.: E.71.II.H.1.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS

SOCIAL SERVICES

449

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEOF SOCIAL WELFARE MINISTERS

The report of the first International Confer-ence of Ministers Responsible for Social Wel-fare, held at United Nations Headquarters inNew York from 3 to 12 September 1968,17 wasconsidered by the Economic and Social Coun-cil at its May-June 1969 session. In October1968, the Council had referred the report to theCommission for Social Development, where itwas reviewed at the Commission's 1969 session.

Among the conclusions and recommendationsof the report of the International Conferencewere the following: that effective social welfarepolicy and programmes had a vital role to playin national development and should be a partof all over-all development plans; that Govern-ments had the primary responsibility to ensurethat social welfare services were available to all;that the United Nations should give priorityconsideration to ways of strengthening assistanceto Governments in the social welfare field; thatnew methods of regional co-operation in socialwelfare should be explored; and that otherworld-wide and regional meetings should beconvened for the exchange of ideas and experi-ences in the social welfare field.

On 5 June 1969, the Council noted with satis-faction the findings, conclusions and recom-mendations of the International Conference ofMinisters Responsible for Social Welfare, whichit recommended to the attention of Govern-ments. It further recommended to Governmentsthat they increase their financial and technicalassistance for social development and social wel-fare programmes in the developing countries,including pursuing appropriate trade and aidpolicies which would release resources for socialwelfare activities.

The Council requested the Secretary-Generalto forward the report of the International Con-ference to the responsible policy-making bodiesof the United Nations family in the economicand social fields, which should give it due con-sideration in preparing an international devel-opment strategy for the Second United NationsDevelopment Decade. The Secretary-Generalwas further requested to submit a report to theCouncil in 1970, through the Commission for

Social Development, on the progress made inthis regard.

The Secretary-General was also invited, to-gether with the executive secretaries of the re-gional economic commissions and the UnitedNations Economic and Social Office in Beirut,to consult with Governments of Member Stateson the establishment of regional social welfareresearch and training centres, on research at theregional level directed towards the formulationof appropriate social welfare standards, and onother ways and means of pursuing the recom-mendations made by the International Confer-ence. The Secretary-General was requested toprepare a report on the ways and means tostrengthen social development and social wel-fare activities at the regional level and to submitthe report to the Council through the Commis-sion for Social Development.

The Secretary-General was further requestedto review the existing methods of internationalco-operation in the social welfare field, and toreport back to the Commission for Social De-velopment on social welfare activities in theover-all programme of the United Nations. TheCouncil also, inter alia, requested the Secretary-General to associate the United Nations Re-search Institute for Social Development, amongothers, in developing international social wel-fare research and in formulating effective meth-ods for the dissemination of the results.

These decisions of the Council were embod-ied in resolution 1406 (XLVI), which wasadopted, unanimously, on the recommendationof the Social Committee. The text was basedon a proposal by the Commission for SocialDevelopment, as amended by the United States,and approved unanimously by the Social Com-mittee on 15 May 1969. (For text of resolution,See DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIALSECURITY AND SOCIAL WELFARE

After considering the report of the Interna-tional Conference of Ministers Responsible forSocial Welfare, the Economic and Social Coun-

17 See Y.U.N., 1968, pp. 505-6, for informationabout the Conference.

450 ECONOMIC AND

cil also acted on the question of the relationshipbetween social security and social welfare.

On 5 June 1969, the Council expressed theview that social security was an important meansof improving popular living standards, that itshould be provided to all segments of the popu-lation as an inalienable right and under condi-tions of complete equality, and that it shouldbecome an integral part of the economic andsocial development of every country.

The Council recommended to Governmentsthat they: (1) recognize the right of every indi-vidual to social security and adopt legislativemeasures, progressively and as national circum-stances permitted, designed to extend social se-curity to all segments of the population, includ-ing peasants and agricultural workers, underconditions of complete equality; (2) increasethe responsibility of the State for social securitywhere required and ensure its developmentwithin the framework of over-all national socio-economic planning; and (3) endeavour tochange over to a State system of social securityand social insurance for the working population.

The Council also recommended that theCommission for Social Development includequestions relating to social security in its workprogramme for 1969-1973. In this connexion,the Council requested the Secretary-General toconsult with the International Labour Organi-sation on the preparation of a comparativestudy of social security systems, social securityplanning, and the role and responsibility ofthe State in this matter.

These decisions of the Council were embodiedin resolution 1405 (XLVI), which was adoptedunanimously, on the recommendation of its So-cial Committee. The text was based on a proposalof the Commission for Social Development andwas approved unanimously by the Social Com-mittee on 14 May 1969. (For text of resolution,See DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.)

TECHNICAL AID ANDSTUDIES IN 1969

During 1969, the work of the United Nationsin the field of social welfare emphasized therole of social welfare in national development.The relationship of social welfare to other sec-tors, such as health, education and extensionservices, was also stressed, in compliance with

SOCIAL QUESTIONS

the recommendations of the International Con-ference of Ministers Responsible for SocialWelfare.

Approximately 30 fellowships were awardedduring 1969, primarily to candidates from de-veloping countries which requested fellowshipsin the fields of planning, organization and ad-ministration of social welfare services, familyand child welfare, and training for social wel-fare.

PLANNING, ORGANIZATION

AND ADMINISTRATION OF

SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES

In 1969, technical assistance advisory servicesin the field of planning, organization and ad-ministration of social welfare services wereextended to seven African countries: the Demo-cratic Republic of the Congo, Libya, Mali,Nigeria, Senegal, Togo and Tunisia. Expertswere also sent to Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia,Nicaragua, the Republic of Korea and SaudiArabia. The advisers assisted Governments indrawing up the social welfare sector of nationalplans, in organizing services at the central anddecentralized levels, and in establishing mini-mum standards for the administration of serv-ices, with particular reference to the co-ordi-nation of government and private welfareservices.

FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE

In the field of family and child welfare, ad-visers were provided in 1969 to Ghana, Libya,the Republic of Korea and the Republic ofViet-Nam.

The United Nations Children's Fund(UNICEF) continued to give assistance in thefield of family and child welfare. By the endof 1969, approximately 70 countries had re-ceived UNICEF assistance in this field.

Colombia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and theUnited Arab Republic requested and were givenassistance in their family planning programmes.

Regional seminars on children and youthwere convened in co-operation with UNICEF.During 1969, the United Nations Economic andSocial Office in Beirut, in co-operation withUNICEF, sponsored working groups on the pre-school child (Lebanon), peri-urban child (Tu-nisia), children in rural areas (the United Arab


Republic), out-of-school or uneducated chil-dren (Libya) and planning, research and train-ing for children (Kuwait).

A regional conference on the role of womenin national development was organized at AddisAbaba, Ethiopia, in March 1969. It was con-vened by the United Nations Economic Com-mission for Africa (ECA), with the co-operationof the United Nations and the German Founda-tion of Technical Co-operation. Emphasis wasplaced on women's contribution to both socialand economic development, and in particularon their role in business, agriculture, trade andcommerce.

TRAINING OF SOCIAL WELFARE PERSONNEL

The services of 19 advisers in the field ofsocial-work training were made available to thefollowing countries: China, the Democratic Re-public of the Congo, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran,Jordan, Mali, Nicaragua, the Republic of Ko-rea, the Republic of Viet-Nam, Senegal, Thai-land, Togo and Zambia.

Five regional advisers also assisted Govern-ments on projects related to social welfare policyand programmes, including training of socialwelfare personnel; two advisers were sent toAfrica, one to Asia, one to the South PacificCommission and one to the United NationsEconomic Commission for Latin America.

An inter-regional meeting of experts on train-ing of social welfare personnel for participationin development planning was convened at Gen-eva, Switzerland, from 11 to 22 August 1969,and an expert group meeting on manpowerneeds in the social welfare field and the impli-cations for training programmes was held inDenmark.

An expert group meeting of social work edu-cators was convened in March 1969 in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. The group considered stand-ards for training in social welfare, the relation-

ship of schools of social work to in-service train-ing programmes, the development and produc-tion of indigenous training materials and thecreation of an African association of schools ofsocial work. Also in the field of social welfaretraining, a seminar was convened in Bangkok,Thailand, in 1969 on the content and methodsof training of senior social welfare personnel.It was conducted for officials from the Asia andFar East region.

An assessment of the schools of social workin Central America and Panama was completedin 1969. The study, also undertaken in co-opera-tion with UNICEF, resulted in a comprehensivebibliography on training material used inschools of social work in the region.

REHABILITATION OF THE DISABLED

An inter-regional training course for instruc-tors in prosthetics was organized by the UnitedNations and the Government of Denmark, inco-operation with the International Committeeon Prosthetics and Orthotics of the InternationalSociety for Rehabilitation of the Disabled. Thetraining course was held in Copenhagen, Den-mark, from 11 August to 6 September 1969,and was attended by 20 participants from 14countries. The programme included lectures,panel discussions, demonstrations and a periodof practical teaching exercises in the orthotics/prosthetics laboratory of the Orthopedic Hos-pital in Copenhagen.

Technical assistance projects were completedin Pakistan and Syria, and were continued inthe Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Iran,Laos and the Republic of Viet-Nam. Short-termsurvey and advisory missions were sent to Ethi-opia and Uruguay.

During the year 14 fellowships were offered,in addition to the 20 given to participants inthe inter-regional training course held in Co-penhagen.


Responsible for Social Welfare, United NationsHeadquarters, New York, 3-12 September 1968(ST/SOA/89). U.N.P. Sales No.: E.69.IV.4.

E/4590 and Corr.l. Report of International Confer-ence of Ministers Responsible for Social Welfare,Headquarters, New York, 3-12 September 1968.

E/4620 and Corr.l. Report of Commission for SocialProceedings of International Conference of Ministers Development on its 20th session, 17 February-

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEOF SOCIAL WELFARE MINISTERS


Social Committee, meetings 607, 609-611.Plenary Meeting 1600.

4525 March 1969, Chapter III, and resolution 4 (XX).

E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l. Summary of reportof Commission on its 20th session, prepared bySecretary-General.

E/4620, Chapter X. Draft resolution II B, proposedby Commission for Social Development, as amendedby United States (E/AC.7/L.552, part II, para. 1),approved unanimously by Social Committee on 15May 1969, meeting 611.

E/AC.7/L.552. United States: amendments to draftresolution II B proposed by Commission for SocialDevelopment, E/4620.

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, draft resolutionII B.

RESOLUTION 1406(xLvi), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, adopted unanimously by Coun-cil on 5 June 1969, meeting 1600.

The Economic and Social Council,Having considered with appreciation the report of

the International Conference of Ministers Responsiblefor Social Welfare, held at United Nations Head-quarters from 3 to 12 September 1968,

Noting that the recommendations of the Confer-ence developed by Ministers representing a largenumber of countries in varying stages of developmentand with different socio-economic systems, confirm theuniversal concern for social welfare and the expec-tation for further progress through national effortsand international co-operation,

Recognizing the importance of social welfare as anintegral component of broad development policies andthe major contribution of social welfare programmesto the society's total effort towards higher levels ofliving, social justice and a better quality of life for all,

Welcoming the new orientation of social welfareprogrammes in an increasing number of countriestowards preventive and developmental tasks, and therecognition of the important role of social welfare inthe context of a clearly enunciated social developmentpolicy,

Affirming the primary responsibility of Govern-ments for developing effective social welfare pro-grammes through a concerted effort involving nationaland local authorities, appropriate organizations andthe people themselves,

Emphasizing the essential role of the United Na-tions in international co-operation in the social wel-fare field and the need for such a role to bestrengthened,

Recalling General Assembly resolution 2436(XXIII) of 19 December 1968 on the world socialsituation calling upon the economically advancedMember States which have not yet reached the targetfixed in decision 27( I I ) of the United Nations Con-ference on Trade and Development, of 28 March1968, on the aid volume target, to make every effortto reach it as soon as possible, so that the problemsof social development can be dealt with appropriatelyin co-ordination with the solution of the problems ofeconomic development,

Being convinced of the fact that social develop-ment and social welfare activities cannot be divorced

from the general economic situation of a country, asmany of the social problems arise from a weak eco-nomic base,

Deeply concerned about the slow pace of growth ofsocial welfare activities, particularly in the developingcountries, mainly due to general paucity of financialresources available for such activities,

Recognizing the need to ensure maximum possibleclarity and effectiveness in social development andsocial welfare efforts, both at the national and inter-national levels,

Further recognizing the need to strengthen socialdevelopment and social welfare activities at the re-gional level,

1. Notes with satisfaction the findings, conclu-sions and recommendations of the International Con-ference of Ministers Responsible for Social Welfarecontained in its report;

2. Recommends Governments:(a) To give due attention to the findings, conclu-

sions and recommendations of the Conference;( b ) To assist both the developing countries and

the United Nations by increasing their financial andtechnical assistance for social development and socialwelfare programmes in developing countries; and

(c) To consider pursuing appropriate trade andaid policies which critically influence the availabilityof resources in the developing countries, to fulfil theirsocial welfare objectives;

3. Requests the Secretary-General to forward thereport of the International Conference of MinistersResponsible for Social Welfare to the responsiblepolicy-making bodies of the United Nations family inthe economic and social fields so that due considera-tions should be given to its findings, conclusions andrecommendations in the preparation of an interna-tional development strategy for the Second UnitedNations Development Decade and to submit to theCouncil at its forty-eighth session, through the Com-mission for Social Development, a brief report on theprogress made on the subject;

4. Invites the Secretary-General and the ExecutiveSecretaries of the regional economic commissions aswell as the United Nations Economic and Social Officein Beirut to consult with the Governments of MemberStates:

(a) On the establishment of regional social welfareresearch and training centres for advanced training(including training of teachers), comparative studiesand assistance in the production of indigenous trainingmaterials;

(b) On research at the regional level directedtowards the formulation of appropriate social welfarestandards that could be useful to countries with com-parable socio-economic conditions; and

( c ) On other ways and means of pursuing therecommendations made by the International Confer-ence from the point of view of the countries in theregions concerned;

5. Requests the Secretary-General, after due con-sultations with the regional economic commissions, toprepare a report on the ways and means to furtherstrengthen social development and social welfare ac-tivities at the regional level and to submit the report


to the Council at its forty-eighth session through theCommission for Social Development;

6. Further requests the Secretary-General to re-view, in the light of the relevant recommendations ofthe International Conference and the requirements ofthe Second United Nations Development Decade, theexisting methods of international co-operation andthe use of available resources for technical co-opera-tion, with a view to giving due attention to socialwelfare activities in the over-all programme of theUnited Nations in the field of social and economicdevelopment, and to report back to the Commissionfor Social Development;

7. Recommends that particular attention be givenin the above review to the need for:

(a) Increasing the effectiveness of assistance toGovernments in planning for social welfare in thelarger context of social development and in develop-ing their administrative capacities, manpower policiesand training programmes in the social welfare field;

( b ) Intensifying research in the social welfare andcommunity development field at the international andregional levels for the further development of policyand standards, planning and evaluation methods andpractical action in the social welfare field;

8. Requests the Secretary-General to associate theUnited Nations Research Institute for Social Devel-opment, among others, in developing internationalsocial welfare research directly relevant to practicalaction at the country levels and in formulating effec-tive methods for the dissemination of the results;

9. Requests the Commission for Social Develop-ment, in accordance with the provisions of Councilresolution 1139(XLI) of 29 July 1966, to obtain,whenever it is useful, and for those matters designatedby the Commission, the advice of qualified experts inthe field of social welfare.

A/7603 and Corr.l. Report of Economic and SocialCouncil to General Assembly, 3 August 1968-8 August 1969, Chapter VIII B.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIALSECURITY AND SOCIAL WELFARE


Social Committee, meetings 607, 609, 610.Plenary Meeting 1600.

E/4620 and Corr.l, E/4620 (Summary) and Corr.l.Report of Commission for Social Development onits 20th session, 17 February-5 March 1969, Chap-ter III, and resolution 3 (XX), and summary ofCommission's report prepared by Secretary-General.

E/4620, Chapter X. Draft resolution II A, proposedby Commission for Social Development, approvedunanimously by Social Committee on 14 May 1969,meeting 610.

E/4681. Report of Social Committee, draft resolutionII A.

RESOLUTION 1405 (XLVI), as recommended by SocialCommittee, E/4681, adopted unanimously byCouncil on 5 June 1969, meeting 1600.

453The Economic and Social Council,Taking note of the report of the International Con-

ference of Ministers Responsible for Social Welfareand of the report of the Secretary-General relatingto this matter, and endorsing the recommendations ofthe Conference,

Recognizing that social security, which has a sig-nificant relationship to social welfare, is an importantmeans of improving popular living standards and mustbe provided to all segments of the population as aninalienable right and under conditions of completeequality,

Believing that social security must become an in-tegral part of the economic and social developmentof every country,

Expressing the hope that the question of socialsecurity will occupy an appropriate place in the workprogramme of the Commission for Social Developmentin close collaboration with the International LabourOrganisation,

1. Considers social security to be an importantintegral part of the over-all measures taken by theState with a view to achieving higher living standardsfor the people;

2. Recommends that Governments should:(a) Recognize the right of every individual to

social security and adopt legislative measures, pro-gressively and as national circumstances permit, de-signed to extend social security to all segments ofthe population, including peasants and agriculturalworkers, under conditions of complete equality;

(b) Increase the responsibility of the State forsocial security where this is required and ensure itsdevelopment within the framework of over-all na-tional socio-economic planning;

(c) Endeavour to change over to a State systemof social security and social insurance for the work-ing population;

3. Recommends the Commission for Social De-velopment to include in its long-term work pro-gramme for 1969-1973 questions relating to socialsecurity and requests, in this connexion, the Secre-tary-General to consult with the International LabourOrganisation regarding the preparation of a com-parative study of social security systems, social se-curity planning, and the role and responsibility ofthe State in this matter.

OTHER DOCUMENTS

ST/TAO/SER.C/111. Report of United Nations In-terregional Seminar on Standards for Training ofProsthetists, organized by United Nations andGovernment of Denmark with co-operation of In-ternational Committee on Prosthetics and Orthoticsof International Society for Rehabilitation of Dis-abled, Holte, Denmark, 1-19 July 1968.

ST/TAO/SER.C/121. United Nations InterregionalTraining Course for Instructors in Prosthetics, or-ganized by United Nations and Government ofDenmark with co-operation of International Com-mittee on Prosthetics and Orthotics of Interna-tional Society for Rehabilitation of Disabled, Co-penhagen, Denmark, 11 August-6 September 1969.

SOCIAL QUESTIONS


ST/SOA/97 and Corr.l. Report of InterregionalMeeting of Experts of Social Welfare Personnel

for Participation in Development Planning, Geneva,Switzerland, 11-22 August 1969.

SOCIAL DEFENCE

TECHNICAL AID IN 1969The activities of the United Nations in the

field of social defence during 1969 continuedto focus on the development of techniques forcrime prevention, as part of comprehensive eco-nomic and social plans. The development ofresearch methodology and evaluation tech-niques, advisory services, and training facilitiesfor all categories and levels of social defencepersonnel received major attention.

The United Nations continued to extendtechnical support to the National Centre forSocial and Criminological Research in Cairo,the United Arab Republic. The services of asenior adviser in social defence were providedduring 1969 to assist in the further developmentof the Centre.

An ad hoc meeting of experts on social de-fence policies in relation to development plan-ning was held at the United Nations SocialDefence Research Institute in Rome, Italy, from17 to 23 June 1969. The meeting brought to-gether criminologists, economists, lawyers andplanners in an attempt to find ways and meansof linking social defence considerations moreclosely to national development plans.

The Advisory Committee of Experts on thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment ofOffenders met also at the Institute from 24 to30 June 1969. The Committee considered the

substantive and organizational arrangements forthe Fourth United Nations Congress on the Pre-vention of Crime and the Treatment of Offend-ers, to be held in Kyoto, Japan, from 17 to 26August 1970.

During 1969, the United Nations Asia andFar East Social Defence Institute in Fuchu,Japan, conducted three international trainingcourses. A total of 63 trainees from 17 countriesin the region participated in the courses.

SOCIAL DEFENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTEDuring 1969, the United Nations Social De-

fence Research Institute in Rome initiated andcompleted a survey and analysis of trends inCriminological research in Latin America; afield study in Uganda resulting in four reportson various elements of social defence policy andpractice in that country; and a field study inTunisia on the role of the public in the preven-tion and control of criminality.

PUBLICATIONSA special issue of the International Review of

Criminal Policy (No. 26) was prepared in 1969on the standard minimum rules for the treat-ment of prisoners. The issue was to serve aspart of the background documentation for the1970 Congress on the Prevention of Crime andthe Treatment of Offenders (see above).


REGIONAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

International Review of Criminal Policy, No. 26,1968 (ST/SOA/SER.M/26). U.N.P. Sales No.:E.70.IV.1; No. 27, 1969 (ST/SOA/SER.M/27).U.N.P. Sales No.: E.70.IV.7.

A/CONF.43/INF.1,2. Information notes on 4thUnited Nations Congress on Prevention of Crimeand Treatment of Offenders.

The year 1969 saw an over-all increase in thenumber of requests for advisory services in theareas of community and regional development,and in particular for the training of local per-sonnel.

During 1969, advisers in community develop-ment were assigned to nine countries in Africa(Botswana, Cameroon, the Ivory Coast, Niger,Nigeria, Swaziland, Tunisia, the United Repub-

lic of Tanzania, and Zambia); to four countriesin Asia and the Far East (Indonesia, Laos,Nepal and the Philippines); to seven countriesin Latin America (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela); andto one country in the Middle East (Israel).

In addition, regional advisers were sent to theoffices of the Economic Commission for Africa

(ECA), the Economic Commission for Asia and

THE UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND 455

the Far East (ECAFE), the Economic Commis-sion for Latin America (ECLA) and the UnitedNations Economic and Social Office in Beirut.A regional adviser was also sent to the Carib-bean.

Nine fellowships were awarded to nationalsfrom the following countries: Cameroon, Indo-nesia, the Ivory Coast, Laos, Nepal, Nigeria,Somalia and Thailand.

A number of conferences and seminars oncommunity, regional and rural developmentwere held during the year. In Africa, a trainingcourse in rural extension and community devel-opment was held in Lome, Togo, from 26 Au-gust to 26 September 1969; a regional confer-ence on the integrated approach to rural devel-opment was conducted at Moshi, the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, from 13 to 24 October1969; and an inter-disciplinary seminar and sur-vey in rural development was given in Libre-ville, Gabon, from 2 to 12 December 1969. Also,

as in previous years, a community developmenttraining course for African countries was heldat Holte, Denmark, from 14 April through 15June 1969.

Three seminars were held in Latin Americaand the Caribbean: a Caribbean workshop onintegrated rural development, in Kingston, Ja-maica, from 6 to 11 October 1969; a regionalseminar on social aspects of regional develop-ment, in Santiago, Chile, from 3 to 14 Novem-ber 1969; and a regional seminar on communitydevelopment for the countries of South America,in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 16 to 22 November1969.

A seminar on the implementation of landreform, co-sponsored by ECAFE, the InternationalLabour Office and the Food and AgricultureOrganization, was held in Manila, the Philip-pines, from 1 to 12 July 1969. A training coursein social development was held from 15 to 31October 1969 in Beirut, Lebanon.


Selected Experiences in Regional Development (ST/SOA/101). U.N.P. Sales No.: E.70.IV.14.

Administrative Aspects of Urbanization, based on acomparative study carried out with the co-operationof the Institute of Public Administration of New

York, and on the United Nations Workshop onAdministrative Aspects of Urbanization, held at theInstitute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands,11-20 November 1968 (ST/TAO/M/51). U.N.P.Sales No.: E.71.II.H.1.

CHAPTER XVI

THE UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND

EXECUTIVE BOARD SESSIONThe Executive Board of the United Nations

Children's Fund (UNICEF) held its 1969 sessionat Santiago, Chile, from 21 to 30 May 1969.The session was preceded by a two-day meetingon the situation of children and youth in LatinAmerica at which special attention was givento the problems confronting urban and ruralyouth. Also, in conjunction with the Board ses-sion, a non-governmental organizations' work-shop on the family in a changing society inLatin America was held from 14 to 17 May1969 under the auspices of the Non-Govern-mental Organizations Committee on UNICEF.

Prior to the Board session, groups of Boardmembers, at the invitation of the Governments

of Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay andPeru, made observation tours in those countriesto see at first hand the problems of childrenand youth, the programmes designed to meettheir needs and the role played by UNICEF andother outside aid.

In keeping with its practice of assessing pro-grammes in a few specific fields each year, theBoard reviewed aid in sanitation and ruralwater-supply programmes and aid in pre-voca-tional training. It also reviewed the UNICEFsupply operation.

PROGRAMME GUIDELINES AND TRENDS

The main topic considered at the 1969 Boardsession was the course of future action, in par-

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