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    India

    Truth alone triumphs

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    10,000 year old ancient civilization

    325 languages spoken1,652 dialects

    18 official languages

    29 states, 5 union territories 3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area

    7,516 kilometers - Coastline 1.3 Billion population.

    5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21

    languages with a combined circulation of 142 million.

    GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%)

    Parliamentary form of Government Worlds largest democracy.

    Worlds 4th largest economy.

    World-class recognition in IT, bio-technology and space.

    Largest English speaking nation in the world.

    3rd largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong.

    2nd largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.(per capita numbers are lower because it is a continental country)

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    Bharat Forge has the world's largest single-location forging facility, its clients include

    Honda, Toyota and Volvo amongst others.

    Hero Honda with 1.7M motorcycles a yearis now the largest motorcycle manufacturerin the world.

    India is the 2nd largest tractor manufacturer

    in the world.

    India is the 5th largest commercial vehiclemanufacturer in the world.

    Ford has just presented its Gold WorldExcellence Award to India's Cooper Tyres.

    Suzuki, which makes Maruti in India hasdecided to make India its manufacturing,

    export and research hub outside Japan.

    Hyundai India is set to become the globalsmall car hub for the Korean giant and willproduce 25k Santros to start with.

    By 2010 it is set to supply half a million

    cars to Hyundai Korea. HMI and Ford.

    The prestigious UK automaker, MG Roveris marketing 100,000 Indica cars made byTata in Europe, under its own name.

    Aston Martin contracted prototyping itslatest luxury sports car, AM V8Vantage, to an Indian-based designerand is set to produce the cheapestAston Martin ever.

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    India: Technology Superpower Geneva-based STMicroelectronics is one of

    the largest semiconductor companies todevelop integrated circuits and software inIndia.

    Texas Instruments was the first to openoperations in Bangalore, followed byMotorola, Intel, Cadence Design Systemsand several others.

    80 of the Worlds 117 SEI CMM Level-5companies are based in India.

    5 Indian companies recently received theglobally acclaimed Deming prize. This prizeis given to an organization for rigorous totalquality management (TQM) practices.

    15 of the world's major Automobile makers areobtaining components from Indian companies.

    This business fetched India $1.5 Billion in 2003,and will reach $15 Billion by 2007.

    New emerging industries areas include, Bio-Informatics, Bio-Technology, Genomics,Clinical Research and Trials.

    World-renowned TQM expert Yasutoshi Washiopredicts that Indian manufacturing quality willovertake that of Japan in 2013.

    McKinsey believes India's revenues from the ITindustry will reach $87 Billion by 2008.

    Flextronics, the $14 billionglobal major in Electronic ManufacturingServices, has announced that it will make India aglobal competence centre for telecom softwaredevelopment.

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    India: Trade

    Tata Motors paid $ 118 million to buy Daewoocommercial vehicle Company of Korea.

    Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceuticalcompany, gets 70% of its $1 billion revenuefrom overseas operations and 40% from USA.

    Tata Tea has bought Tetley of UK for 260M.

    India is one of the world's largest diamondcutting and polishing centres, its exports wereworth $6 Billion in 1999.

    About 9 out of 10 diamond stones soldanywhere in the world, pass through India.

    Garment exports are expected to increase

    from the current level of $6 billion to $25billion by 2010.

    The country's foreign exchange reservesstand at an all-time high of $120 Billion.

    India's trade with China grew by by 104% in2002 and in the first 5 months of 2003, Indiahas amassed a surplus in trade close to $0.5M.

    Mobile phones are growing by about 1.5Milliona month. Long distance rates are down by two-thirds in five years and by 80% for datatransmission.

    Wal-Mart sources $1 Billion worth of goodsfrom India - half its apparel. Wal-Martexpects this to increase to $10 Billion in thenext couple of years.

    GAP sources about $600 million and Hilfiger$100 million worth of apparel from India.

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    India: Self-Reliance India is among six countries that launch

    satellites and do so even for Germany,

    Belgium, South Korea, Singapore and EUcountries.

    India's INSAT is among the world's largestdomestic satellite communication systems.

    Indias Geosynchronous Satellite LaunchVehicle (GSLV) was indigenously

    manufactured with most of the componentslike motor cases, inter-stages, heat shield,cryogenic engine, electronic modules allmanufactured by public and private Indianindustry.

    Kalpana Chawla was one of the seven

    astronauts in the Columbia space shuttlewhen it disintegrated over Texas skies just 16minutesbefore its scheduled landing on Feb1st 2003, she was the second Indian in space.

    Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes offood-grains to support its people, through a

    grand programme of national self-sufficiencywhich started in 1971, today, it now has a foodgrain surplus stock of 60M.

    India is among the 3 countries in the Worldthat have built Supercomputers on their own.

    The other two countries being USA and Japan.

    India built its own Supercomputer after theUSA denied India purchasing a Cray computerback in 1987.

    Indias new PARAM Padma TerascaleSupercomputer (1 Trillion processes per sec.)is also amongst only 4 nations in the world to

    have this capability.

    India is providing aid to 11 countries, writing-off their debt and loaning the IMF $300M.

    It has also prepaid $3Billion owed to theWorld Bank and Asian Development Bank.

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    India: Pharmaceuticals

    The Indian pharmaceutical industry at $6.5 billion and growing at 8-10%

    annually, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and isexpected to be worth $12 billion by 2008.

    Its exports are over $2 billion. India is among the top five bulk drug makers and athome, the local industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share

    of 75% in the market is down to 35%.

    Trade of medicinal plants has crossed $900M already.

    There are 170 biotechnology companies in India, involved in the developmentand manufacture of genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially.

    Sequencing genes and delivering genomic information for bigPharmaceutical companies is the next boom industry in India.

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    India: Foreign Multi-National CompaniesTop 5 American employers in India:

    General Electric: : 17,800 employeesHewlett-Packard : 11,000 employeesIBM : 6,000 employees

    American Express : 4,000 employeesDell : 3,800 employees

    General Electric (GE) with $80 Million invested in India employs 16,000 staff, 1,600 R&D staff who

    are qualified with PhDs and Masters degrees.

    The number of patents filed in USA by the Indian entities of some of the MNCs (upto September,2002) are as follows: Texas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM - 120, Phillips -102, GE - 95.

    Staff at the offices of Intel (India) has gone up from 10 to 1,000 in 4 years,and will reach 2000 staff by 2006.

    GE's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outfit outside the United States. Thecentre also devotes 20% of its resources on 5 to 10 year fundamental research in areas such asnanotechnology, hydrogen energy,photonics, and advanced propulsion.

    It is estimated that there are 150,000 IT professionals in Bangalore as against 120,000 in Silicon Valley.

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    Top 5 American employers in India:

    General Electric: : 17,800 employeesHewlett-Packard : 11,000 employeesIBM : 6,000 employees

    American Express : 4,000 employeesDell : 3,800 employees

    General Electric (GE) with $80 Million invested in India employs 16,000 staff, 1,600 R&D staff

    who are qualified with PhDs and Masters degrees.

    The number of patents filed in USA by the Indian entities of some of the MNCs (uptoSeptember, 2002) are as follows: Texas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM -120, Phillips - 102, GE - 95.

    Staff at the offices of Intel (India) has gone up from 10 to 1,000 in 4 years,and will reach 2000 staff by 2006.

    GE's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outfit outside the UnitedStates. The centre also devotes 20% of its resources on 5 to 10 year fundamental research inareas such as nanotechnology, hydrogen energy,photonics, and advanced propulsion.

    It is estimated that there are 150,000 IT professionals in Bangalore as against 120,000 in SiliconValley.

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    India: BPO The domestic BPO sector is projected to increase to $4 billion in 2004 and reach

    $65 billion by 2010. (McKinsey & Co.).

    The outsourcing includes a wide range of services including design, architecture,management, legal services, accounting and drug development and the IndianBPOs are moving up in the value chain.

    There are about 200 call centers in India with a turnover of $2 billion and aworkforce of 150,000.

    100 of the Fortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China.

    Cummins of USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to develop the sophisticated

    computer models needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically andintroduce 5 or 6 new engine models a year.

    Business Week of 8th December 2003 has said "Quietly but with breathtaking speed,India and its millions of world-class engineering, business and medical graduates are becomingenmeshed in America's New Economy in ways most of us barely imagine".

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    William H. Gates, Chairman and Chief

    Software Architect Microsoft Corporation

    (b-1955):

    Gates emphasized that India had emerged as a majorglobal IT hub not because of the availability of low-

    cost skills, as many believe. Rather, it had more to do

    with the ''quality'' and ''world-class skills'' to be found

    in India, he said. ''The key is the quality of the humantalent here. When people do software projects in

    India, they do so because this is the place they can

    find people with the latest skills. It is not on the

    (cheap) price (of labor),'' he was quoted as saying by

    The Times of India newspaper. Gates had high praise

    for the ''quality of educational institutions which

    could make India into an IT superpower.' September19, 2000.

    http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/BI19Df01.html

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    India: Technology Superpower

    Over 100 MNCs have set up R&D facilities in India in the past five years.These include GE, Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Eli Lilly, Intel,Monsanto, Texas Instruments, Caterpillar, Cummins, GM, Microsoft and IBM.

    Indias telecom infrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore,provides the largest bandwidth capacity in the world, with well over 8.5Terabits (8.5Tbs) per second.

    With more than 250 universities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428higher-education institutes, India produces 200,000 engineeringgraduates and another 300,000 technically trained graduates every year.(note: per capita numbers are lower in comparison with first world, Russia and Israel, indicatingIndia should increase the number of educational institutions and educational opportunities to its 1.3

    billion population)

    Besides, another 2 million graduate in other areas in India annually.

    The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is among the top threeuniversities from which McKinsey & Company, the world's biggestconsulting firm, hires most.

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    Indians abroadA snapshot of Indians at the helm of leading Global businesses

    The Co-founder ofSun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla),

    Creator of Pentium Chip (Vinod Dahm),Founder and creator of Hotmail (Sabeer Bhatia),

    Chief Executive ofMcKinsey & Co. (Rajat Gupta)President and CFO ofPepsi Cola (Indra Nooyi)

    President ofUnited Airlines (Rono Dutta)GM of Hewlett Packard (Rajiv Gupta)

    President and CEO ofUS Airways (Rakesh Gangwal)Chief Executive ofCitiBank(Victor Menezes),Chief Executives ofStandard Chartered Bank(Rana Talwar)

    Chief Executive officer ofVodafone (Arun Sarin)President ofAT & T-Bell Labs (Arun Netravali)

    Vice-Chairman and founder ofJuniper Networks (Pradeep Sindhu)Founder of Bose Audio (Amar Bose)

    Founder, chip designer Cirrus Logic (Suhas Patil )Chairman and CEO ofComputer Associates (Sanjay Kumar)Head of (HPC WorldWide) ofUnilever Plc. (Keki Dadiseth)

    Chief Executive Officer ofHSBC (Aman Mehta)Director and member of Executive Board ofGoldman Sachs (Girish Reddy)Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (Raghuram Rajan)

    Former CTO of Novell Networks (Kanwal Rekhi)

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    Indians in the USA.

    Of the 1.5M Indians living in the USA, 1/5th of them live in the Silicon Valley.

    35% of Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.

    Indian students are the largest in number among foreign students in USA.

    Statistics that show:

    38% of doctors in the USA,

    12% of scientists in the USA,

    36% of NASA scientists,

    34% of Microsoft employees,

    28% of IBM employees,17% of INTEL scientists,

    13% of XEROX employees,

    are Indians.

    1. India 44%2. China 9%3. Britain 5%

    4. Philippines 3%5. Canada 3%

    6. Taiwan 2%

    7. Japan 2%8. Germany 2%

    9. Pakistan 2%10. France 2%

    US H1-B Visa

    applicants country

    of origin

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    IIT = Harvard + MIT + PrincetonIIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton , says CBS 60 Minutes.

    CBS' highly-regarded 60 Minutes, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its

    audience of more than 10 Million viewers that IIT may be the most important universityyou've never heard of."

    "The United States imports oil from Saudi Arabia, cars from Japan,TVs from Korea andWhiskey from Scotland. So what do we import from India? We import people, really smart

    people," co-host Leslie Stahl began while introducing the segment on IIT.

    the smartest, the most successful, most influential Indians who've migrated to the US seem to

    share a common credential: They are graduates of the IIT.

    in science and technology, IIT undergraduates leave their American counterparts in the dust.

    Think about that for a minute: A kid from India using an Ivy League university as a safetyschool. That's how smart these guys are.

    There are cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at IIT, they have gotten

    scholarships at MIT, at Princeton, at Caltech.

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    Mahatma Gandhi

    (1869-1948):

    Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization. Hisresponse was:"I think it would be a good idea.

    "The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its

    animals are treated.

    You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the

    ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.

    The only devils in this world are those running around inside our own hearts, and

    that is where all our battles should be fought.

    If all Christians acted like Christ, the whole world would be Christian.

    Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today she

    does not realize what tremendous advantage she has over man.

    Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.

    An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.

    http://quotes.prolix.nu/
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    Sir C.V. Raman, (18881970)1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics for work on scattering of light and Raman

    effect.

    Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (18581937)

    USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion amongstacademics that the pioneer ofwireless-radio communication was ProfessorJagdish Chandra Bose and not Guglielmo Marconi.

    Satyendranath Bose, (1894-1974)Indian Physicist, who solved one of the mysteries of quantum mechanics,showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. Hiscollaborations withAlbert Einstein led to a new branch on statisticalmechanics know commonly known as the Einstein-Bose statistics.

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    Srinivasa Ramanujam,(18871920):Great Indian Mathematician, whose interest from academics at Trinity,College, Cambridge, led him to collaborate there and postulate and prove

    well over 3,542 theorems.

    Amartya Sen, (b-1933):1998 - The Nobel Prize for Economics for his redefining work on ethical

    welfare economics. Currently residing as Lamont University Professor Emeritus

    at Harvard, after stepping down from the prestigious post of Master of TrinityCollege, Cambridge.

    Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, (1910-1995):1983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. His many contributions to physics, on thestructure and evolution of stars including rotational figures of equilibrium, stellar

    interiors, black holes, radiative transfer, hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics.

    Har Gobind Khorana, (b-1922 ):1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine for work on interpretation of the

    genetic code . Currently residing as professor at MIT.

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    India

    India never invaded any country in herlast 10,000 years of history.

    It is the only society in the worldwhich has never known slavery.

    India was the richest country on Earth until thetime of the British in the early 17th Century

    Robert Clives personal wealth amassed from the blunder of

    Bengal during 1750s was estimated at around 401,102

    It has been estimated that the total amount of treasure that the British lootedfrom India had already reached 1,000,000,000 (1Billion) by 1901.

    Taking into consideration interest rates and inflation this would be worth close

    to $1,000,000,000,000 ($1Trillion) in real-terms today.

    A B i f Hi f Ti

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    Vedic Civilization

    Indus & Saraswati Civilizations

    Rise of Jainism and Buddhism

    Mauryan Period

    Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences

    Muslim InvasionsThe Mughal Empire

    Portuguese Invasion

    The British East-India Company

    The British EmpireIndia's Freedom Struggle

    Independence

    Modern India 2020 Vision

    A Brief History of Time

    I di

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    India India invented the Number System.

    Zero was invented byAryabhatta. Theplace value system, the decimal systemwas developed in India in 100 BC.

    Aryabhatta was the first to explainspherical shape, size ,diameter, rotationand correct speed of Earth in 499 AD.

    The World's first university wasestablished in Takshila in 700 BC.Students from all over the World

    studied more than 60 subjects.

    The University of Nalanda built in the4th century was one of the greatestachievements of ancient India in thefield of education.

    Sanskrit is considered the mother of allhigher languages. Sanskrit is the mostprecise, and therefore suitable languagefor computer software - a report inForbes magazine, July 1987.

    Ayurveda is the earliest school ofmedicine known to humans. Charaka, thefather of medicine consolidated Ayurveda2500 years ago.

    Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightfulplace in civilization.

    Christopher Columbus was attractedIndia's wealth and was looking for route toIndia when he discovered the Americancontinent by mistake.

    The art of Navigation was born in the riverSindh 6000 years ago. The wordNavigation is derived from the Sanskritword NAVGATIH. The word navy is alsoderived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.

    In Siddhanta Siromani (Bhuvanakosam 6)Bhaskaracharya II described aboutgravity of earth about 400 years before SirIsaac Newton. He also had some clearnotions on differential calculus, and theTheory of Continued Fraction.

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    Languages of India

    Hindi

    Sanskrit

    Tamil

    Gujarati

    Urdu

    Punjabi

    Malayalam

    Bengali

    Marathi

    Konkani

    Kannada

    Assamese

    Telugu

    OriyaRajasthani

    Th A i V di H

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    The Ancient Vedic HymnsRig Veda - Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 verses

    There is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.

    Yajur Veda- Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 versesSama Veda- Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 versesAyur Veda- Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 versesUpanishads

    JyotishaAstrology and Astronomy.KalpaRituals and Legal matters.

    SikshaPhonetics.

    AitareyaCreation of the Universe, Man and Evolution.

    ChandogyaReincarnation, Soul.

    KaushitakiKarma.KenaAusterity, Work, and Restraint.

    Dharnur VedaScience of Archery and War.

    MundakaDiscipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance.Sulba SutraKnowledge of MathematicsYoga Sutra - Knowledgeof MeditationKama Sutra - Knowled e of Love and Sex

    Sanskrit ( )

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    Sanskrit( )Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew and Latin

    It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world, and may be

    considered the mother of all languages. It became the language of all educatedpeople in India and in the countries that were influenced by India.

    A comparison

    Sanskrit word English word Russian Word

    matar

    pitar

    bhratar

    svasar

    gyaamti

    trikonamiti

    dvaar

    sarkara

    mushika

    mother

    father

    brother

    sister

    geometry

    trigonometry

    door

    sugar

    mouse

    math

    papa

    brath

    sestra

    geometri

    trigonometri

    dver

    sakhar

    muishka

    India

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    India Theory of Continued Fraction was

    discovered by Bhaskaracharya II.

    Indians discoveredArithmetic andGeometric progression. Arithmetic

    progression is explained in Yajurveda. Govindaswamin discovered Newton Gauss

    Interpolation formula about 1800 yearsbefore Newton.

    Vateswaracharya discovered Newton GaussBackward Interpolation formula about 1000

    years before Newton.

    Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuilersformula about 400 years before Lhuiler.

    Nilakanta discovered Newtons InfiniteGeometric Progression convergent series.

    Positive and Negative numbers and theircalculations were explained first byBrahmagupta in his book BrahmasputaSiddhanta.

    Aryabhatta also propounded theHeliocentric theory of gravitation, thuspredating Copernicus by almost one thousand

    years.

    Madhavacharya discovered Taylor seriesof Sine and Cosine function about 250years before Taylor.

    Madhavacharya discovered Newton Powerseries.

    Madhavacharya discovered GregoryLeibnitz series for the Inverse Tangentabout 280 years before Gregory.

    Madhavacharya discovered Leibnitz powerseries for pi about 300 years beforeLeibnitz.

    Bhaskaracharya calculated the time takenby the earth to orbit the sun hundreds ofyears before the astronomer Smart. Timetaken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century)

    365.258756484 days

    Infinity was well known for ancientIndians. Bhaskaracharya II inBeejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clearexplanation with examples for infinity

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    The Surya Siddhanta,

    A textbook on astronomy of ancient India,

    last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down from 3000 BC by aid

    of complex mnemonic recital methods still known today.

    Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles,

    compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.

    Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,

    Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

    I di

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    India

    The value of "pi" was first calculatedbyBoudhayana, and he explainedthe concept of what is known as the

    Pythagorean Theorem. He discoveredthis in the 6th century long before theEuropean mathematicians. This wasvalidated by British scholars in 1999.

    Algebra, trigonometry and calculus

    came from India. Quadratic equationswere propounded bySridharacharyain the 11th century.

    The largest numbers the Greeks andthe Romans used were 106 whereasHindus used numbers as big as 1053

    with specific names as early as 5000BC during the Vedic period. Eventoday, the largest used number is Tera:1012.

    Maharshi Sushruta is the father ofsurgery. 2600 years ago he and healthscientists of his time conducted

    complicated surgeries like caesareans,cataract, artificial limbs, fractures,urinary stones and even plasticsurgery.

    Usage ofanaesthesia was well

    known in ancient India. Over 125surgical equipments were used.

    Detailed knowledge of anatomy,physiology, aetiology, embryology,digestion, metabolism, genetics and

    immunity is also found in many texts.

    When many cultures were onlynomadic forest dwellers over 5000years ago, Indians establishedHarappan culture in the Sindhu

    Valley Civilization.

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    Kalarippayat -Origin of Martial arts 200 BC

    Kerala, South India, guardian of the origins of modern martial-arts,

    influenced by Yoga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war

    (dhanur-veda) and medicine (ayur-veda).The origin of kung-fu begins with the legend of a monk named

    Bodhidharma (also known as Ta Mo) who travelled from India to Chinaaround 500 A.D.

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    The Encyclopaedia Britannica says:

    "Man must have an original cradle land whence the peopling of

    the earth was brought about by migration.

    As to mans cradle land, there have been many theories but theweight of evidence is in favour of Indo-Malaysia.

    "If there is a country on earth which can justly claim the honour ofhaving been the cradle of the Human raceor at least the scene of primitivecivilization, the successive developments of which carried into all parts of the ancientworld and even beyond, the blessings of knowledge which is the second life of man,

    that country is assuredly India.

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    Future

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    In India today,we have an Italian born Catholic Sonia Gandhi, leader ofCongress Party of the ruling coalition,

    a Sikh (Manmohan Singh) Prime Minister,a Muslim president (Abdul Kalam)

    and several Christian and Muslim Chief Ministers and

    Governorsto lead a secular diverse continentalsuper state.

    There is no other country with such diversity and tolerance

    to its political leadership.

    Secular Tolerance

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    Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003

    "Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050"

    India's GDP will reach $ 1 trillion by 2011,$ 2 trillion by 2020,

    $ 3 trillion by 2025,

    $ 6 trillion by 2032,$ 10 trillion by 2038, and

    $ 27 trillion by 2050,

    becoming the 3rd largest economy after USA and China.

    In terms of GDP estimates, the continental India (1.3 billion, with $ 0.5trillion in 2000) will overtake Italy (60 million, $ 1.2 trillion in 2000) by

    the year 2016, France (60 million, $ 1.4 trillion in 2000) by 2019, UK (60million, $1.5 trillion) by 2022, Germany (85 million, $ 2.0 trillion in2000) by 2023, and Japan (130 million, $3.9 trillion in 2000) by 2032.

    P d i th l t 20

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    Progress during the last 20 years

    Poverty (incidence)1980s 1990s 200044% 36% 26%

    Education (literacy rate)1980s 1990s 200044% 52% 65%

    Health (life expectancy)1980s 1990s 2000

    56 60 69

    Source: World Bank (2003)

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    Ex-Prime Minister,

    Sri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

    A treaty was signed on 6 January, 2004, establishing a South Asian FreeTrade Area among the seven SAARC countries (India, Pakistan,Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldives) in the IndianContinent.

    India committed to a South Asian Union as the ultimate objective, withmutual security cooperation, open borders and a single currency inSouthern Asia in the long run.

    "The bonds of ethnicity and culture which hold together the

    peoples of this region are more enduring than the barriers ofpolitical prejudice that have been erected quite recently.

    .Friends, India is ready to do everything that is necessary, towalk as many extra miles as may be required, to make this

    vision a reality.

    Dr Abdul Kalam President of India

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    Dr Abdul Kalam, President of India,father of Indias space, missile and satellite programme and author of

    India 2020 Vision.

    I have three visions for India.

    1.

    In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and invaded us,captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Turks,the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted

    us, took over what was ours.

    Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have notgrabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them.

    Why?

    Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that ofFREEDOM.

    I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war ofindependence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. If we are not

    free, no one will respect us.

    2.

    My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing

    nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top 5 nations of theworld in terms of GDP. We have 10% growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels arefalling. Our achievements are being globally recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence

    to see ourselves as

    a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured.

    3.

    I have a THIRD vision. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unless

    India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. Wemust be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must gohand-in-hand.

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    Indias population to be the largest in the world

    India is set to overtake China as the world's most populousnation by 2050.

    Indias population is expected to grow from 1.08bn to1.63bn people, overtaking China, which is forecast to

    reach 1.44bn from 1.3bn currently.

    India, will also have the highest working population in theWorld 700 million people out of 1.1 billion people areyoung; the young population will continue till 2050.

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    Disclaimer: This is a compilation I received by email andnot all facts presented could be verified. VEFI or Dr.

    Sreenivasarao Vepachedu is not responsible for any factualerrors.