india pakistan partition
DESCRIPTION
ATRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
India-Pakistan Partition
History, through photos
![Page 2: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Iqbal: Two Nation theory• First articulated in the Presidential
address to the All India Muslim league in 1930 by Allama Iqbal, the famous poet, philosopher and politician.
• Argued that the aspirations of two different communities, especially when one was a minority, and the other a majority, could be addressed within one state
• Was in disagreement with both Nehru and Gandhi
• In India’s nationalist discourse this came to be known as Muslim separatism.
2
![Page 3: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PAKISTAN is created as a Muslim Country
![Page 5: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Jinnah Muslim Leader with Gandhi – Hindu Leader
Wants homeland for Muslims
Wants united India
![Page 6: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Jinnah Mountbatten Last English Viceroy to India with Nehru – Hindu Leader
Wants homeland for Muslims
Wants united IndiaSupposed to be neutral and administer independence and partition
![Page 7: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nehru and LadyMountbatten had intimaterelations to which Lord Mountbattenwas indifferent to. Partition, favored India in land, infrastructure, and control of water and critical cities.
![Page 8: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
![Page 9: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example journey
![Page 12: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Net result of partition
• Greatest mass migration of humans in 20th century
• Over 15 Million Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus moved across borders
• Communal slaughter over 1 Million killed, • Tens of thousands of women raped and
kidnapped
![Page 34: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Net result of partition
• Families divided• 3 Wars between India and Pakistan• Large part of Pakistani GNP and Indian defense
dedicated to defense of borders• East Pakistan fought for independence and with
aid from India, broke off from West Pakistan.• Human rights abuses by Pakistani forces in East
Pakistan.
![Page 35: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Net result of partition
• Kashmir a Muslim Majority state at heart of conflict over self-determination and independence from India.
• Human rights abuses against civilians including women by Indian Armed forces who have 0.5 Million army.
• Issues of Water Resources controlled by India to Pakistan and Bangladesh may lead to future conflict and wars.
![Page 36: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
What is the price of freedom?
![Page 37: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Dawn of Freedom (August 1947)Faiz Ahmed Faiz,
translated by Agha Shahid Ali
“These tarnished rays, this night-smudged light -This is not that Dawn for which, ravished with freedom, we had set out in sheer longing, so sure that somewhere in its desert the sky harbored a final haven for the stars, and we would find it,….
37
![Page 38: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dawn of Freedom contd.
• We had no doubt that night’s vagrant wave would stray towards the shore that the heart rocked with sorrow would at last reach its port.…Friends, come away from this false light. Come, we must search for that promised Dawn”.
38
![Page 39: India pakistan partition](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061607/55490a82b4c9055d458b8d5e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
References
• All photos are copyright of respective owners and used from the public domain.