THE

3-77

INDIAN ANTIQUARY,**^%*

f

A JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL RESEARCHARCHEOLOGY, HISTORY, LITERATURE, LANGUAGES, PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, FOLKLORE,

EDITED BY

JAS.

BURGESS,

M,R.A.S., F.R.G.S.,

JCBHBRB BE LA SOCZB'TE' ASIATIQUE, PILLOW OP THE Dtf'JVEfcSlTY OP BOMBAY, ARCHAEOLOGICAL STOVEYQB AKB BBPOBTEB TO GOVTO.NKEMT, WESTIRK* INDIA, AUTHOR OP " THE BOCK-TEMPLBS OP ELEPBCAKTA," w TME XEM^LES

"VIEWS OP ABCdlTECTUBE ANB SCEKEBY

tN

GUJARAT

AI4D

&O O

VOL

IV.-1875.

BOMBAY

:

1NDOLOGICAL BOOK REPRINT CORPORATIONANTIQUARIAN BOOKSELLERS & PUBLISHERS7-MALKA GANJ. DELHU7

Published byS. B. Singh

:

All Rights Reserved

Offset by

New Sra

Offset Printers. I>eUii-s

CONTENTS.Author? namqs arrangedPAGEalphabetically.PASS:.J,

RiMCHANDRAL. Y.

G.

ANGAL,

B. A., Jnn&gadji :--

F.

5I

211

a

reply

Ifrss E.

LVALL:Ul3Gi

18S

/

KEY. JOHN CAIN, Dumasudcm : ' NATIVK CUSTOMS in the GouivARi District Ifffv MRS. ANNA M. H. CHILDEUS, LonOou tHKUODOTUS'S TRADITION of tue^GrOLD-Dinr.wn Axrs, 'translated from the essay of F.\Sohiern, Professor of History at the University of Copenhagen' ... 225 KKV. F. T. COLE, Ta^hari, KAjmali2i :

BlOGRAPHIESof AsVAfiOSKA, NAtiAUJVNA. /VllTAJ>i;VA, and VASUJ ANOKU Trawsfotf 'I frrmi Vassilief ......ifctaATHA *

Account of the HawbHA KIKUS, from the same ............ ...-....... M'CORKEI-l. > Bo E > $ l^ganm:l,

11

f

OLD 8et6AUM

.

.".:

-A::

13S

CAIT. J. S.f, MACKENZIE Ma'isur Connnission TREE an d SERPENT WORSHIP .............

,"i

S^WTAL? FOLK.LORJC

:

Toria the Goa'fchord and the

Daughter of the Suni,,v

...

10 1G1

,

Tho Tale of Kanruu and Gnja. 237

BIDDERS

KKV. R.

COLLINS, Kandy, Ceylon:...

The MaDichaeans on tho Malabtr CoastC. K. G,JVof A

153, 311

CASTE INSIGNIA .................. ,OU .REV. D. MACMILLAN, M.A., Edinlmrgh :SACRKD FOOTPRINTS in JAVA, tnmslatod from the Dutohof DR. A. B. COHK.V STUART ...... 355 JlfAJOR S. B* MILKS, MiusBt :^K ALH AT, in South-Kttst Arabia ............ 48Rr.v.JT.

CRAWFORD, Bo. a8.,GogU^TJio

TOLLS of Goail Hut

"

MUKIIAYMITCUELL,Th. Jellingbaus

fit

MUXUA- Koui \VEDDI KG Soxes, fromR(^v.

LL.D., Edinburgh: tho Gorman of the51

PKRSoxAfc

Snake- Worship among the Kfthk,/ NAMKS in the Southern part of tho All-

3

.........................

S \NT.\d Soxs with236J.

Translations

342

madAb&dDR. J.

Collectorajxs

GERSON'DA CUNHA,inA. III.)

Bomljujy:

WORDS and PLACES

and about BOMBAY (con358156

MUIB, D.C.L., LL.D., Ph.D., Edinburgh :On Dr. LORIJ^KR'S BHAGAVAP Ghi aud ChristianEELTCIOU.S and

Reply to G. JL DAM ANT, BJ^., B.C.S., liaugpur:NOTES on HINDU CHRONOGRAMS

DAJI, G.G.M.C., Jfcc., Bouiltiy :Botanical Query on p. 118!

MORAL SENTIMENTS from Sanskrit Writers ......

frocl>...

UW, 2C9

13

LEUKXD

from

DIMAJHJR,

Tho'

Finding of the

THE HONOURAULK JUSTICES J, B. PQEAK, Ciilcutta^GLIMNRS of OLD INDIA as soon through tho pages of MANU ............... ...... 121 SH4NKAB PANDUEANG PAKDIT, M.A., DeputyCollector, Surat:

Droam SWOKU- WORSHIP

54...

in Kitaliar

J

...

114 260|

Dr. BUIILER on tho Biiiy^AR of SANSKRIT"

ThfTwoliitoTHRRSjaMunipurifltory Con. 15. R. KLLIS, Kxft.r:~Bt'lgaum, and...

JosalmirE.

......

.........

REUATSEK,

M.C.E., Hon. M. Born.

MSS. at ...... B.U.A.S. :......

SI

SKKTCH of SAH.KAN GRAMHAK ......352

[A.D. 1624-25].

spelling

^

>for

w>

is

rather unusual.

Thefinal

three letters

according to the date of th(> Ilijrah was written ; kuoiv It to be the Written, ly year 10 -i'3.*

words

lill

J bdo\v the a vacant space, bat have no up&> u*. and

meaning.inscription was discovered by Mr. Burgjas in 1833 on a rainel WAV, or well, at Siddhapar, and is mentioned by him in his Notes5,fifth

The

The metrestich alone3.is

is

Mtttiqarib sullm*

;

but the 5th hemi-

fu the N.K. wall of Belg'.m Fort, Mr. Burgess found another inscription, of which he

of a Visif toGajastit, p. 72.

His tracing enables

me

to giro a correct reading

and

translation

:

a photograph. It consists of three but the third hemistich one syllable too much. contains The inscription shows that the foundation ofLas sentdistidhs, llubA'i metre;

me

the walls was laid in A. n. by Ya'qiib Ali Khun.T

'JoT,

or A.

i>.

"

Al'|

1

TheYa'qub *Ali

InuliUutf nf thisin

Bui

(tvtll)

was

success-

Khdn

fully completedt

the timi

w/u> is

a joy

to the

heart,

whusts bcnvvvlfnce the house of the soul in prosperous\ laid tlia fonadalion of the wall of-

nnd by

/" Sitiuir was the jdgw of the Mirtd Mithaiwntitl Ait war, son of the Naicdh JL'jau* Klutn- t under the sn

when won,

the town vhi(*U filiU

lios cl:>si V>y. Ki>. niiniiN it'

Th

i\o builderd uro each, as arc jjivou to

32

AN AXTIQCAKT.traditions,baliefs,

1875.

lion of the sculptured rentes ^nta'ioiHo; the many forms employed c?^Id not fat! to b? interesting.

and

rites

connected with

th^n would beliring Sc?rp3nt

specially interesting.

of serp3nc images are given in the R-^-rd on tbe ArchmlojlG il Survey of We*!em LiZ'% fo? last S2aso:i ; andVciri sties

Sketches of a few

T3 following

notice of the worship of the

from these S^s. from a Tillage

3, o,

&3l

t>

are taken. Fig. 2

is

H

by Dr. Cornish, in the the Madras Presidency, Rep-jri of the Census of In m au y places," 71 (vol. I. pp, 105-6):is g.'venfc

'

and

-5

in the Bjlguih district; ; Fig5. 3 are fro at a photograph of six scilpturad

he says, "the living

serpent

is

to

this

day

sought oat and propitiated.

About two years.

stones in the principal temple at Sinda-Maaauls, on the 3Iaaprabh\, of 'which two are carved

each of Hindu dwas or gods. and anoshsr baars a figure of a single hoodel snake, a fourth of n pair the male with three ho ads and the female with one xhe fifth (tig. 3) had a single snake \vlfch sereo. heads (one of them broken otf) very^vith nine figuresline,

seated in a

;

an old antago, at R.garaandri, I came upon of a public road, on which was hill by the side of a cobra, placed a modern stone representation the ground all around was stuck over with and in the shape pieces of wood carred very rudely of a snake. These were the offerings left by devotees, at the abode taken up by an old

neatly carrad in a compact: porphyrifcic slab, eash haai has a ersst, anl over the whole is the ckattr.1 or nrnbrella, emblematic of sothe sixth (fig. 5) has a pair of vereignty crested snakes, the male only with its hood expanded. Xo. 4 is from a stone afc Aiholli or;

who occasionally would come out of his and feast on the milk, eggs, and ghee left for him by his adorers. u Aroand this place I saw many women whosnake,hole,

had come to make their prayers at the shrine. If they chanced to see the cobra, I was assured* that the omen was to be interpreted favourably, and thatgranted.close to

Aiwalli,* farther

Dhnrwad

zilii;

down the same river, in the and No. 613 from the door-jamb

their prayers for progeny would be There is a place also near Vaisarpadi,

of a deserted temple atHtili,nofc far froui ITanauli. At Than, in Kiithiawcid, is a temple of*

The

BilshanjV as Sesha Nur,

T

.

illm^ni

iwri>lcxiug statoiul-ut.

JAKUAET, 1875.]

MALIFATTAtf,

9

in infinite quantities." The name re-appears in the Papal records in connexion with the.the Pope inrtwo letters commending the new Bishop to the Christians of Columbum, and "to the \?hole body of o 1 e p h a t a m." * Christian people dwelling in The only other notice that I can find is in the- interesting memoranda of Joseph the I n d i a n of Cranganore (circa, 1 500) published

nomination of Jordanus,

of which we see traces principal settlements, to this day in their great edifices." This seems at any rate to imply traditions of Chinese

M

Barbosa also tells a frequenting Mailipur. story of Chinese in connexion with the tomb ofSt.

Thomas.

Chinese coins'have been foend on the beach, I believe, at various points down the coast as

in the Novus Orbis.

After noticing the former

and by

far as Klyal, both- by CoL Mackenzie's people Sir Walter Elliot's ; but what De Barros

trade of the Chinese (in cCalicut,

and:

their

olae Catfiii) with abandonment of that port

to recall the confusion

on account of the king's ill-treatment of them, " Post hoc adivere urbem ai1ahe, goes on

M

by the Chinese warns us which has taken place in some instances certainly, between Chinas and J a i n a s. This is particularly the case, as Dr.says of buildingsleft

Narsindo regio , quae urbs paret regi p orientem, et distat ab Indo flumine respicit milliaribus xc. Ibi nunc sua exercent merci;

eta

m

Caldwell has pointed out to me, with regard to the famous China Pagoda of Negapatarn, the destruction of which, I may observe, has beenvariously ascribed to the Hallway Company and " Palmam to' the Jesuit College there qui

monia."

The statement about

the-

Indus

is

perplexing, t

but the eastern aspect, and the subjection to the Narsingha, or king of VijMyanagar, showthat the 'place was on the Coromandel coast. Joseph, however, does not mean St. Thomas's,for in another passage he speaks of that as ** i 1 a p a r , urbs . . qusa instar promoiitorium

morutt fernf I

"

I trust at least

it

was not thethat

Public

My

Works Department! orm impi'ession has always baenwas

M

.

to be sought further south than Madras, but the only map on which I could ever trace such a name is one in the Lett res EdiMalifattaiijtatytes

in mare pi*ominet." This, and the mention of the pearl-fishery by Friar Jordanus, are considerable obstacles to the identification of the

two

places,-

though the

Mo

(RccneilXV.) representing the southern In thi$ of the Cortfmandel ooast. a1epart inPalk's Bay north of Kamipatnn appears'

M

1

e

po

r of Jordanus

scorns in favour of that identification.

Kwaram, about the position of Tondei scarcely a possible place, I imagine, for a seaport frequented by foreign tratje. 1 have generally found my ideas recur to Nogapatain as tho most probably JocalHy. Dr. Caldwell mentions that tho Juina

any evidence that MaiLlpur was frequented by the Chinese traders ? Bitter cites the name Chinapatam, applied to Madras,la there

as a tracei

of ancient Chinese traffic there. have elsewhere objected to this statement (quoted from J. T. Wheeler) J that the name inquestion, properly Chennapattau or Chennapapattan, was bestowed on tho site granted to the

was sometimes

called- the

kt

Tower aforesaid Tower of the JUalla.''tho coast,

Is it possible that

Xogapnt&m, so long one ofoil

tho most frequented portscalled

Malla pattan? The

three

was ever names

by tho Naik of Chinglepat, in honoiir of that chiefs father-in-law, Chonnujm by name. But this may not be conclusive ; forEnglish in10tf J(

"Fattan, Mali fattan, and K:\yil" woujd.thou beav&riin proper order, Fattan repi*esenting t La n Mr. Burnell confirms), Mtili(as pa

K

amat

the Naik

may

liave only modified

an existingsays:

fiittan

Negapata-m,tl*o

and Kuyil of

c-oursc

name, as often happens."

And Do Burros

K&yaliFurthcr,is

month

of the Tapirapariii.il

the greatness which the. city of Afeliapor possessed' in those (ancient) days had, by the time our people arrived, become almost anni-

Though

is. not

Nog a p atarn

the oity which

sometimes called the "city of Coromandcl," marking it as tho place on the coast whichforeigners recognized as the great place of traffic, just as old geographers give us tho city oft Hit lor, V. 518, G20; Wheeler's Madr**Time,1. p.iw,

hilated

of tho Chinese,

by tho wars that occurred in tho time ^ho had held in that place, theirEcclcsiaxt.

* 0 sweet lavanit, salt ; bat it, pungent ; titeta, bitter ;

by another expression 1, h6re fahwa, the earth

=

=;

word to represent usually employ a separate each .figure, although a word may occasionally betaken to represent two' figures. The date In a inuHtv as a rule, be read from right to left* Kuti date I found on a temple at BordhonKuugpnr, the*ai*ntc nce.ru|itH^oniiiig(

an da, sour ; and

mi$hft*>

sweet: Dtitoi==3>;

it is

a synonymt,gtt

for Kritikfy tlie third uakslusttra

and

tho date

is

(//,

which gives theiw1

elates

four yugas. to represent numbers are from tho Hindu system of philoiisually taken or very commonly astronomy sophy*, mytliology, c or astrology OV^'*'m X an< ^ ^ a nuMay cascs4, the

=

Tho words employed

^

A ntevv theory vtinml in a preceding

tin*,

vol.

1U

"f J

I !**

27

,7/tJf,

rate, India vcascl* for tInmimiior(ofWtiitj'rii b^nff fc*Di AC. arc kill itt uao with **Uort ^oct 0* *Mi>lK>rt*.

14allusions are very intricate,

"THE INDIANandis

1875.

difficult to

be

whole expressioninstances

is

to be read, l^ckwards;

understood by any person who

not well versed

in Jyotislta and the other sciences*whicli can possibly be conso as to signify* a. number may be. used strued in a date. -I give a list of some of the words

Almost any word

occur in which the different number^ are to be multiplied or .added together, but they are certainly very rare, and I have met

may

with none.

The following are ordinary instances of Hinduchronograms :

which are most commonly found $sfor- figures:

substitutes

SindhudugdhgabMSindhuof the earthdugct,

= 1624.MM,

0: Any word signifying "etker," such as kha, gagana, and antariksha. 1 Blt&i the eartlv and chandra, the moon,:

4, the four seas

=

north, south,6,

&,

anga=

on the four sides and west, 1> and the vhfcieeast,

with their synonyms. 2 : Tugcd, dwandwa, and such like words.All words i&eaningjfirg Agui is a synonym for KriiiJsa, the third nakshatra. Netra, and

read backwards gives 1624.Again, Kha-dwandwuhga+ntrigdnga.

3

:

,*,

other words for **-eye:" the reference is to the three eyes of Siva. JK^wwt, i.e. Parasnrama, and Balarihna, Bamachandra,

= and (a synonym the whole gives 1620. Another Veddguta-ladhardna = 16S4 Veda = and veddguta means that which prevwrig&hga,date,:

Kka =s

0,

dwandwa

2, ongor =^= 6. for Chandra) 1,

=

and

4,

45

:

The most common words

are ynga

and

cedes veda,badh,-to

i*e+

3

;

badJuira is a derivative

from6;

veda.

destroy, and

Vdna and synonyms, the five arrows of Kamadeva. Vaktra^ the five faces of Siva, C: JBfpo and synonyms, the six being the:

and signifies jpitar

=

is

a synonym of ripa

1.

enemies of man

:

lobha, .covetousness

kama, lust kradha^ passion moha, infatuation roada,; ; ;

;

These dat$s were all taken from inscriptions on temples in Rangpur. It is usual to add some such expression asparimite or jpari$ahfchye> 'by counting," to signify that the words are intended to represent the date.;

pride; andmfitsarya, envy. Eltu, thesw? seasons. Anya^ the six branches of knowledge derived

from the Vedas, siksha, pronunciation ; chhandas, prosody; vyakarana, grammar; nirnkta,explanation of obscure termsrites; ;

The

practice does not

seem to be one of

kalpa, religious

very great antiquity, and many of the supposed old dates are very doubtful; Tno instance which

and jyotisha, astronomy 7: Muni or .RisM, fhe Seven cn^at

sages.

Mr. Blochmann quoted in his paper on Muliammadan.chronograms* from Jour. As.Soc. 8w" etc.'

mind arouse the constant affections (Wuiva) by a playful woman and other such objects as belong to the means of excitement (uddlpana)of (or concerning) the real object of affection (dlambana, for 'instance the hero of the piece),

rasa)

The eight mild' condiments (or tastes, 4*U/

f**\

j

is

as at presentusually rendered

bv J

The Hemyaritic or rather Sabsean language, known from the inscriptions, al-

" And

yon are

has

it,

careless or triflers," or, as Sale " spending your time in idle diversions ;"

though essentially one, may be divided into four varieties or dialects, the first of which is thegeneral Sabaxrn, comprising by far the greatest

but Snyuti renders the wordAgain,in

&j&* U by * U*|}

LXXV. 15

s^iU*

^\

tu

number of all the inscriptions hitherto known the second- was current iu Ma'in, and is the;

the

Boeaningiaits

"and though he

offer his

OXCUSCK"

(or set forth his plea); but Suyuti puts for

s^iU*

equivalent11,>

v.

"-

j^

Sj^U ; and fn y & we have inwordis

t]lo

8ame c j laptor>

place," the

^

t^tlie

Suyuti for^jj S

Jl,

He

fia'rthcr

says

[play]

in

Yamani language

invoke

[woman]. In stem xxxvtu. 1,5, ** I) o yo VZ " he fsays^the ace. of Jj [Lonl],9

a TI t ; whilst the fourth, to judge from terminations of words such as tioTzro "his sanctuary" and cttinopD ,'lthcsir rank and order," appears to have been affected by Persian influences, as it is well known that Persian colonies existedthei-e.

m

by the Greek ami lioman geograis nearly the same as the last, and was spoken in the interior of II a d r a phers;

Minaei

Minoaan dialect belonging to the people calledthe third

Thohim,

word^

[bird, , n, thein the form

of the third person, appears in these dialects nccE: -sr, b, for instance ioa or c:a, crcc: (wcsa*, KSS). In the instead of rcssuffix

(TO),

same manner the fourth form of the verb, which is in ordinary Sabaean torn, becomes &eo in thesedialects

Sab&ans.

VL Funerary inscriptions, not many whioh have as yet been discovered, but which in the habit of prove that the Saboeans were their dead from inhabited places carrying away into isolated valleys, and up mountains, whereof

thus tho Sabcuan ^pn, Fnnn in the Minsean and Hadramaut dialect will be *3pc fnrroThis is another approach to the Assyrian, and to the languages of East Africa. Thie in:

general

form answers to the Aramaean tew and to theEthiopicVSCD*.

them. uiey erected small houses for

The change of the

servile

rr

Into o is

much

* Haley's inscriptions here referred to will be found in the Jo*r*ai Isiatigtte (1872 Fev.~ t Osiaucier's are given in No. 7, Oct. 1873, Ac.

THE 9ABJBAN ALPHABET.B.

Harmonic

Sabm,

Hebrew, and Arabic Alphabet.

A.~Doubtfol

tetters.

Letters east confounded.

I.

h A

ft

ft

* D

* BH'

H.

83

tf

veryrw.,

in.

X S Sound between w and | (BW. 478,tf |Xoe |00(flat.

10.)

3 itltg 45

(Hd.

151, 9.)

196

S

(Hal

188,

8

459,2.)

M|l|

(Jhl.180.)(Ha-'. 352, 3.)

i51, 10,

412,

478; 12-18.) 4000(HoJ. 206, 4.)

TheT.ffftferJfafc

figure S also

oecam for oo or 20

JAJTCARY, 1875.]

SKETCH OF SAB^BAX GBAMMAB.The noun The wordto benVinis "conti'acted

27fromnrforsn)

strictly

observed in the Hadraraaut than

(T).

in the Min&ean dialect,

form occurs.ever,

where sometimes the usual The first of these dialects, how-

nsrv> ^'i^am" (H. 187, 6,

displays another peculiaidty, namely, if a a sis to be added to a word terminating with

the house

formed from nsmra, :'* 'which epithet

&c appears ** he who enters into

may

refer to the uu-

coneernedness of this animal.

n

it is

not affixed, but the n

is

changed to

n,

thus

The degradation

of the sibilants:

may

be

re-

note, fin,

f,ft,

na (N. H.

1), for nnsto, onrw, orua.

presented b} the following scale

Bu6tion

this

instead of representing an absorp-

perhaps only represent an aspirated pronunciation of the feminine n, as is usual in Barbary and in some districts of Yemen.ofD,

may

These transitions *do nof occur with regularity

Permutation between n and n occurs seldom,as in

fH.

(Fr. LV. 4), nrw (N. H. 1), and feint* G, 1,8) for VTTO, nn, pcam*, bat this may-KTBVT

and in a logical manner in the Semitic languages they are possible -without being necessary. The forms accompanied by an asterisk are common:

perhaps be an error of the copy.

A muckby a simple

according to

more important permutation is that which the sound $ (//') is rendered*a

both to the Arabic 'and to the Sabseau the latter, a degree however, may degrade the original:

(#) like ra

(Os. styn. 8-9} instead

further by transforming it into n. The Aramaean descends to tins last stage of degradation.'

of yy (ibid xviti. 10). In the same way the must assimilate with the root noa (H. 169, 2)

In the other consonants the Sabsean generally agrees with the phonetics of the Arabic language;Bonietiraes,

Arab