indian facts
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INDIAN FACTS. FORM OF GOV’T – Federal Republic (gained independence from the UK in 1947) CAPITAL – New Delhi POPULATION – 1,095,351995 LAND SIZE – 2,973,190 (slightly more than 1/3 the size of the U.S.) CLIMATE – Varies from Tropical Monsoon in the south to Temperate in the north - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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INDIAN FACTS• FORM OF GOV’T – Federal Republic (gained independence from the
UK in 1947)• CAPITAL – New Delhi• POPULATION – 1,095,351995• LAND SIZE – 2,973,190 (slightly more than 1/3 the size of the U.S.)• CLIMATE – Varies from Tropical Monsoon in the south to Temperate in
the north• CURRENCY – Rupee• MILITARY – Voluntary• RELIGION – Hindu (80%)
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SUBCONTINENT• a large, relatively self-contained
landmass forming a subdivision of a continent
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HIMALAYAS• Large mountain range
between the Indian subcontinent and the Plateau of Tibet
• Includes the highest mountain peaks in the world
• Mt. Everest – 29,000 feet
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GANGES RIVER
• Longest river in India
• Located in northern India, flows towards Bangladesh
• Flows from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal
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INDUS RIVER• Flows from Tibet into the
Arabian Sea
• Much of the land here would not be arable without this massive source of water
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DECCAN PLATEAU
• Located in southern India
• Deccan’s average elevation is about 2,000 feet, sloping generally eastward
• The climate is drier than that on the coasts and is arid in places
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MONSOONS• the seasonal wind of the
Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9peDRkO-TLc
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MAJOR CITIES
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EARLY SOUTH ASIA• Modern India traces its roots back to
the Indus River Valley located in South Asia
• Harappans – earliest civilization found in this area, dates back to about 2,500 b.c., disappeared around 1,500 b.c.
• Ruins demonstrate:
1. urban planning (organized cities)
2. grid pattern streets
3. multi-storied homes
4. bathrooms and sewage systems
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ARYANS• Aryans – conquered the Indus River Valley around
1500 b.c. and then moved southeast into the Ganges Plain
• Organized into tribes, each was led by a rajah
• Cattle – basis of their diet and economy, wealth was measured in cattle and they were used as money
• Men dominated society, which was largely agricultural
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Brahmans
kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudras
Pariahs
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Social Structure• 1. Brahmans – Priests • 2. Kshatriyas – Warriors/princes • 3. Vaisyas – merchants/farmers
• 4. Sudras – peasants/servants
• 5. Pariahs – so “unclean” not even part of the system, do the toughest and dirtiest jobs
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HINDUISM• Aryans believed in a religion that
has evolved into what we know as Hinduism
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BELIEFS• Evolved over centuries (no one person began it)• Brahman – universal spirit, god (other gods are manifestations
of Brahman)• Trinity – 3 most important manifestations are:
BRAHMA
SIVAVISHNU
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BRAHMA• The Creator
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VISHNU• The Preserver
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SIVA• The Destroyer
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KEY CONCEPTSREINCARNATION
- The rebirth of the soul
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KEY CONCEPTS cont.KARMA
- Idea that how a person lives their life will determine what form that person takes in the next life (what comes around goes around)
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KEY CONCEPTS cont.DHARMA
- Duties of a particular varna (class)
- If you fulfill your dharma you get have good karma
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KEY CONCEPTS cont.MOKSHA
- State in which a person’s soul is freed from the cycle of reincarnation (heaven)
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KEY CONCEPTS cont.AHIMSA
- Belief that all life is sacred and needs to be protected
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SACRED HINDU WRITINGS: THE VEDAS• Ancient poems, legends,
hymn, rituals… that formed the basis of Aryan religious life
• There are 4, the oldest dating back to about 1000 B.C.
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HOLIDAY VIDEOS• Diwali – Festival of Lights
• Holi – Festival of colors, triumph of good over evil, coming of the Spring
• Holi #2
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BUDDHISM
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THE BUDDHA• Siddhartha Gautama – the founder of
Buddhism, born in India in 566 B.C.
• born into the Kshatriya class, lived a wealthy but sheltered life
• wanted to understand why people suffer and how to minimize it
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THE BUDDHA cont.• believed he found the answers
while meditating, believed he received “enlightenment”
• he preached his message and became known as “The Buddha” (enlightened one)
• he rejected the caste system, a person’s position in life should depend on the person, not their birth
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4 NOBLE TRUTHS
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1. ALL PEOPLE SUFFER
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2. PEOPLE SUFFER BECAUSE THEIR DESIRES BIND THEM TO THE CYCLE OF REBIRTH
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3. WE CAN END SUFFERING BY ELIMINATING DESIRES
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4. ELIMINATE DESIRE BY FOLLOWING THE 8-FOLD PATH
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8-FOLD PATHKNOW THE
TRUTH
RESIST EVIL
SAY NOTHING 2 HURT OTHERS
FREE YOUR MIND OF EVIL
WORK 4 THE GOOD OF OTHERS
RESPECT LIFE CONTROL YOUR THOUGHTS
MEDITATE
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THE 8-FOLD PATH LEADS TO NIRVANA•Nirvana – state of enlightenment that frees the soul from the cycle of rebirth
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BRANCHES OF BUDDHISM• Make sure you are aware of the
following:
1. Mahayana2. Theravada3. Tibetan4. Zen
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CONCEPT OF GOD• Buddha is not thought of as a
god
• The concept of god is not central to Buddhism
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BUILDING/PLACE OF WORSHIP• Use temples and monasteries
• Worship and meditation can take place anywhere
• Stupa – built to house relics of Buddha (teeth, bones, writings…)
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HOLIDAYS/FESTIVALS• See the “Buddhist Festivals and Holidays” worksheet
• Festival of the Tooth (Sri Lanka)
• Obon (Japan)
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SYMBOLS• See the “Buddhist Symbols” worksheet
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TYPE 2• List 3 similarities and 3
differences between Hinduism and Buddhism
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TYPE 3• Discuss 3 similarities and 3
differences between Hinduism and Buddhism
• Focused Correction Areas (FCAs)
FCA #1 – 3 differences
FCA #2 – 3 similarities
FCA #3 - capitalization
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DALAI LAMA
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TIBET
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POTALA PALACE
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EMPIRES/ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TYPE 3• Describe 2 accomplishments
made by Indian civilization and discuss how your life would be different without them.
TYPE 3• FCA #1 – describe 2
accomplishments
• FCA #2 – discuss how your life would be different without both
• FCA #3 – no symbols (&,…)