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ISSN 0019-5723
INDIAN LABOUR JOURNAL (A MONTHLY PUBLICATION)
Volume 54 August 2013 No. 8
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
LABOUR BUREAU
SHIMLA/CHANDIGARH
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Chairman Daljeet Singh
Editor I.S.Negi
Associate Editor R.C.Jarial
Staff Writers
Laxmi Kant
Ravinder Kumar
NOTE TO CONTRIBUTORS
Non-controversial articles on labour matters of topical interest (e.g. labour and
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Authors are solely responsible for the factual accuracy and the opinion
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Our address: The Director General, Labour Bureau ‘Cleremont’, Shimla 171 004
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PREFACE
“The Indian Labour Journal” earlier known as “Indian Labour Gazette” is a monthly publication being brought out since July, 1943. This publication is the only official publication of its kind in the country disseminating latest labour statistics and research in the field of labour which has immense utility for diverse stakeholders such as Employers’ and Employees’ Organizations, Research Scholars, Central and State Governments, Autonomous Bodies, Courts, Universities etc.
The Journal normally contains matters of interest on labour such as Labour Activities, News about Indian & Foreign Labour, Labour Decisions, Labour Literature and Labour Statistics. But, at times, non controversial articles on labour matters of topical interest and the gist of the Reports, Enquiries & Studies conducted by Labour Bureau are also published.
Suggestions for further improvement of the publication are welcome.
DALJEET SINGH
DIRECTOR GENERAL
LABOUR BUREAU,
SHIMLA-171004
INDIAN LABOUR JOURNAL
Published Monthly by
LABOUR BUREAU SHIMLA/CHANDIGARH
(First Published in July, 1943 as Indian Labour Gazette)
Vol.54 August, 2013 No 8
CONTENTS Page
SPECIAL ARTICLE
Employment Rights for Persons with Disability in India – a Critical Legal Perspective 783
LABOUR ACTIVITIES
Labour Situation 795
Industrial Disputes 798
NEWS IN BRIEF
(a) INDIAN LABOUR
India Inc Gives Approval for Youth’s On-the-job Training 800
India in the Eye of an Employee Turnover Storm: Survey 800
Call for Ban on All Forms of Child Labour 801
Number of Mining Accidents Falls by 50% in last 7 Years 801
Jobs Growth Up a Tad in Q4 at 0.35% 801
India's Unemployment Increased 2% in FY12 as Slowdown Hits Hiring 802
47% Graduates in India are Unemployable for any Job: Report 802
CSR Activity Matters for Indian Employees: Ipsos Survey 803
Industries/Services declared Public Utility Services under the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 803
Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers 804
Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers 804
( b) FOREIGN LABOUR
Uneven Job Recovery Poses Challenges to most Countries 805
Hiring Outlook: US Scores, India Slips 805
Child Domestic Workers Suffer from Statistical Invisibility, says ILO 805
China, Euro Zone Threaten U.S.-Led Economic Recovery 806
Australia’s Visa Proposal is Bad News for Indian IT Companies 806
US Senate Passes Anti-India Immigration Bill 807
LABOUR DECISIONS
Accident Includes any Untoward, Unexpected Event 808
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782
LABOUR LITERATURE
Important Articles of Labour Interest Published in the Periodicals Received in the Labour
Bureau
809
STATISTICS
Section A- Monthly Statistics 813
Section B- Serial Statistics 855
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Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
783
SPECIAL ARTICLE
Employment Rights for Persons with Disability in India – a Critical Legal
Perspective
Rumi Ahmed*
Introduction
Financial independence is indispensable for human dignity and self-esteem; and employment is one of the most important tools for an individual to secure financial independence. Persons with disabilities are not an exception and they too want to live a dignified living. They want to be productive members of the society and look for suitable works and employment opportunities for themselves. Persons with disabilities have their own specific skills, talent and capabilities and if these are tapped properly they too can make significant contribution in a country’s development. An inclusive and barrier-free society can play a significant role in making disabled persons productive by creating ample employment opportunities, including reasonable accommodation in access to infrastructure and provision of aids and appliances to enable disabled person in employment to carry out duties effectively. Employment provides livelihood opportunities and self-reliance for persons with disability.
While employment is an important livelihood options for persons with disability, they generally face challenges in finding suitable employment opportunities. Employers are often reluctant to employ or retain them. They (employers), in fact, look for ways and means for not complying with the mandatory requirements of reservation/identification of jobs for persons with disabilities. Disabled persons face challenges even after employment. There are also instances where people acquired disability while in service and establishments employing them ignored their concerns. Disability discrimination is at work in most aspects of employment, including appointment, removal, pay, job assignments, promotions, training, service benefits, terms or conditions of employment, etc.
The positive aspect is that globally employment related rights for persons with disability are getting increasing recognition. International Labour Organization (ILO), which has been working for the promotion of right to work and labour standards, recognized the importance of the right to work for the persons with disabilities long back in its Employment (Transition from War to Peace) Recommendations 1944, which states that “… whatever the origin of disabilities, should be provided with full opportunities for rehabilitation, specialized vocational guidance, training and retraining, and employment on useful work”
1. ILO’s
Conventions (such as Convention No. 111 of 1958, Convention No. 159 of 1983, etc.) also allow affirmative action in workplace as means to ensure effective equality of opportunity and treatment between disabled workers and other workers. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights recognizes that everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment (Article 23(1)). Article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights explicitly recognizes the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work, in particular the right to safe working conditions. The right to work is further guaranteed under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Civil Rights (Article 8(3)(a)); the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Article 5(e)(i)); the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Article 11(1)(a)); the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 32); and the International Convention on the Protection of the
*Mrs. Rumi Ahmed is a Ph.D. Scholar at Faculty of Law, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam.
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Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Articles 11, 25, 26, 40, 52 and 54). Several regional instruments also recognize the right to work, such as the European Social Charter of 1996 (Part II, Article 1), the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Article 15) and the Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Article 6). Most importantly, Article 27 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (which is the first legally enforceable UN human rights treaty of the 21
st century and entered into force in 2008) has made explicit and
detailed provisions, establishing therein legal frameworks for State obligations in relation to work and employment of persons with disabilities.
In light of the above, this paper is intended to highlight important employment related rights for persons with disability in India. It makes a critical assessment of the legal provision of employment rights under the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act 1995 through the analysis of some significant judgements of the Indian judiciary. Important employment related provisions of the draft Bill for the proposed new disability legislation, which is likely to replace the PWD Act, have also been covered in brief.
Legal provisions of employment rights for persons with disability
Historically, there exist some important legal provisions of rights for disabled workers/employees. For example, the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 provides compensation to workmen or their dependent family members in case of an accidental death or disablement during employment. Section 3 of the Act says that if personal injury is caused to a workman by accident arising out of or in the course of his employment, his employer shall be liable to pay compensation. Section 4 of above Act talks about the quantum of compensation to be paid for different categories of disablement underlined within the Act. Section 46(c) of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 says that periodical payment shall be made to an insured person suffering from disablement as a result of an employment injury sustained as an employee. Section 51 of the same Act mentions the disablement benefits for temporary disablement and permanent disablement (whether total or partial). As per Section 4 of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, gratuity shall be payable to an employee on the termination of his employment on his death or disablement due to accident or disease, if he has rendered continuous service of five years. Section 3(1) of the All India Services (Special Disability Leave) Regulations, 1957 provides that special disability leave may be granted to a member of the Service who suffers (a disability) as a result of risk of office or special risk of office. The Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 and the Central Civil Services (Extraordinary Pension) Rules, 1939 provide for disability pension on account of disablement of a government servant. Similarly, the Railway Services (Extraordinary Pension) Rules, 1993 provides for disability pension on account for disablement of a railway servant. There are other specific rules and regulation (including State government rules and regulations) regarding posting and transfer of disabled employees.
Employment rights under the PWD Act
Most of the provisions referred above are specific in nature, with limited scope for application for those only who are already in employment and do not make any general provision such as reservation for employment of persons with disabilities. The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act 1995 (briefly, the PWD Act) is the first major legislation in India that legally made explicit recognition of certain basic rights and entitlement for persons with disabilities, including reservation in employment. This Act came to be an important legal tool for persons with disabilities and formed an important basis in pronouncing judicial verdicts.
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At this point, it is important to highlight that India was among the first to sign and ratify the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) (India ratified it on 1
st
October 2007); but it is yet to incorporate the provisions of the Convention within its domestic laws. In keeping with its new international commitment for being party to the UNCRPD and other international instruments, it was felt necessary to amend the PWD Act. The National Policy for Persons with Disabilities, which was adopted on 10.2.2006, also envisages such amendments to the Act. Accordingly, the Committee appointed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has already come out with a draft Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill (RPDB), 2011, which, if enacted by the Parliament, is likely to replace the PWD Act. Till such enactment, the PWD Act, enacted in 1995, remains the only major legal instrument for the disabled. Coming to the specific aspect of employment rights, Section 32 of the PWD Act says that appropriate governments shall identify suitable posts, in the establishments, which can be reserved for the persons with disability; and, periodically review the list of posts identified within three years. Section 33 provides that in case of appointments every government establishment shall reserve at least 3% of the posts for persons with disability, of which 1% each shall be reserved for persons suffering from - blindness or low vision; hearing impairment; and locomotor disability or cerebral palsy. However, subsequent to the enactment of the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999, the PWD Act was amended and the reservation was further expanded to 5% with additional 2% reservation for mentally retarded, cerebral palsy and autism. Section 33 also says that certain departments/ establishments may be exempted (by notification) from such reservation provision, considering the type of work to be carried on by such department or establishment. Section 34 of the PWD Act says that employer in every establishment shall furnish such information or return as may be prescribed in relation to vacancies appointed for persons with disability that have occurred or are about to occur in that establishment to Special Employment Exchange. Under Section 36, where in any recruitment year any vacancy under Section 33 cannot be filled up due to non-availability of a suitable person with disability or, for any other sufficient reason, such vacancy shall be carried forward in the succeeding recruitment year. Section 37 says that every employer shall maintain record in relation to the person with disability employed in the establishment.
According to Section 38, appropriate governments and local authorities shall by notification formulate schemes for ensuring employment of persons with disabilities, including training and welfare of persons with disabilities; relaxation of upper age limit; regulating the employment; health and safety measures and creation of a non-handicapping environment in places where persons with disabilities are employed. Additionally, Section 40 provides that appropriate governments and local authorities shall reserve not less than 3% in all poverty alleviation schemes for the benefit of persons with disabilities.
A significantly important provision of the PWD Act is the Section 41 which provides that appropriate governments and the local authorities shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development, provide incentives to employers both in public and private sectors to ensure that at least five percent of their work force is composed of persons with disabilities. This provision, however, did not draw the sufficient attention it deserved. A scheme of incentives to employers in the private sector for providing employment to persons with disabilities could be launched only in 2008. Under the Scheme, called “Scheme of Incentives to Employers in the Private Sector for Providing Employment to Persons with Disabilities”, the Government of India provides the employer’s contribution for Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Employees State
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Insurance (ESI) for 3 years, for employees with disabilities employed in the private sector on or after 01.04.2008, with a monthly salary upto Rs. 25,000.
Another most important provision of the PWD Act concerning the issue of employment is the Section 47, which has been included under Non-discrimination provision of a separate Chapter VIII. It deals with ‘disability acquired during service’ and has effectively been resorted to for the benefit of disabled in several instances. Section 47 reads as follows:
(1) No establishment shall dispense with, or reduce in rank, an employee who acquires a disability during his service: Provided that, if an employee, after acquiring disability is not suitable for the post he was holding, could be shifted to some other post with the same pay scale and service benefits: Provided further that if it is not possible to adjust the employee against any post, he may be kept on a supernumerary post until a suitable post is available or he attains the age of superannuation, whichever is earlier; (2) No promotion shall be denied to a person merely on the ground of his disability: Provided that the appropriate Government may, having regard to the type of work carried on in any establishment, by notification and subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in such notification, exempt any establishment from the provisions of this section.
Additionally, Section 67 of the PWD Act provides that appropriate government shall frame insurance scheme for the benefit of its employees with disabilities or an alternative security scheme for its employees with disabilities. Section 68 talks about framing of scheme for payment of an unemployment allowance to persons with disabilities registered with the Special Employment Exchange.
The judicial intervention
Issues pertaining to employment of persons with disabilities have led to several petitions in courts, including public interest petitions (PILs). The major issues that led to intervention of judiciary included identification and reservation of jobs; promotion, retention and service avenues for disabled employee; disability acquired during the service of an employee; pre-mature retirement of disabled employees; and so on. Identification of posts as per statutory provision under Section 32 of the Act was in fact one of the stumbling blocks in implementation of the reservation mandated under Section 33 of the PWD Act. For a quite long time, after the coming into effect of the Act, establishments neither identified suitable posts nor reserved posts for employment of persons with disabilities. Ironically, they argued non-identification of posts as the reason for non-implementation of reservation.
In the case of Ashok M. Shrimali vs. State Bank of India2, the petitioner, who was
blind, sought to be accommodated as a bank officer in a suitable position; but the respondent bank stated that posts beyond level II are not suitable for such persons. The Bombay High Court directed the central government to carry out identification of posts and granted the petitioner liberty to move the Court after the process of identification and reservations of posts is completed; and, in the interim, the respondents were directed to appoint the petitioner to a post consistent with his qualifications and results in appropriate examinations. In the case of Amita vs. Union of India
3, the petitioner (a visually impaired person) was not allowed to appear
examination for the appointment of the post of probationary officer. However, it came to the notice of the Supreme Court that the list of identified posts was not reviewed by the government as per provision of the PWD Act. The Court directed the government to review the list, and based on the direction it was later informed the Court that as per report of the expert committee the post of probationary officer had been identified as suitable for the blind.
The Bombay High Court in its hearing in the case of National Federation for the Blind vs. State of Maharashtra
4 directed constitution of Committee for the purposes of identification
of posts in various government and semi-government organizations for the disabled. It further
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directed that the Committee shall not restrict the identification of the post only to the lower categories but also to prepare a reservation at every stage where there is recruitment to be effected. In the case of R. Manoj Kumar vs. University of Hyderbad
5, the respondent-University
had issued an advertisement for 27 posts of Lecturer, without making any reservation under Section 33 of the Disabilities Act. The respondent sought to justify its action on the pretext that the matter of identification and notification of post for reservation was pending with the executive council of the University; but the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that the decision of the academic or executive council of the University was required only for pragmatic facilitation of this mandate. The Court was very critical of the approach of the University and remarked that a “social welfare legislation could not be subverted by the leisurely approach of an University”. It, accordingly, passed on a strong stricture directing the University to stay further recruitments till it identifies and declares the three percent reservation for persons with disabilities, in the total posts advertised.
It seems that in majority of the cases jobs were identified and accordingly reservation for the disabled was implemented only pursuant to Court orders. The identification of posts was largely a delicate and difficult issue. It had significant negative effect on the most audacious provision of reservation under the Act. There were several discrepancies in identification of jobs among the state governments and between the central government and state governments
6.
While there is a statutory obligation to identify posts, what are the posts to be identified is left to the discretion of the government
7. There is no uniformity in the pattern or guideline for
identification of jobs and appropriate governments have been given almost free hand to decide on their own, based on the nature of the posts and the requirements of particular establishment. The identification of posts was almost arbitrary.
The case of Ravi Arora8 brought to the fore the crux of the problem of the identification
of posts. Arora qualified the Civil Services Mains of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in 2000 but failed to get through the interview. In 2001, he successfully qualified; however, he appeared again for UPSC Preliminary in 2002 to improve his rank. In the meantime, he was declared medically unfit owing to an adverse medical report on his ‘sub-standard vision’. Armed with an interim Court order allowing him to write examination, he wrote UPSC Mains of 2002. However, to his surprise, he had not been appointed for the second time not because he had not qualified but because suitable posts for candidates with visual disabilities had not been identified. Nevertheless, the Court ordered his appointment with full retrospective benefits based on the 2001 Civil Services Examination and also granted him Rs. 20,000 as cost of the proceedings. Similar judgement was also delivered by the Delhi High Court in the case of UPSC vs. T.D. Dinakar
9.
The casual and lackadaisical approaches of the appropriate governments in
identification of posts, and the difficulties in identification of posts and non-compliance of the Sections 32 and 33 led to a very landmark judgement in the case of Govt. of India through Secretary vs. Ravi Prakash Gupta
10, wherein the Supreme Court did not find any merit in the
contention of the Government of India that Section 33 of the PWD Act, 1995 could only be implemented after identification of posts suitable for such appointment under Section 32. Supreme Court observed that the Legislature did not intend that Section 32 be used as a tool to deny the benefits of Section 33 to persons with disabilities and that it could not allow implementation of the Act to be deferred indefinitely by bureaucratic inaction. It concluded that reservation under Section 33 was not dependent upon identification under Section 32. This is a very significant judgement considering the fact that non-identification of posts can no longer be a ground for non-implementation of reservation provision under the Act.
The Delhi High Court in its judgement on Pushkar Singh and Ors vs. University of Delhi
11, directed the respondents to calculate the total number of seats that ought to have been
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reserved and to issue advertisement with specific subject-wise reservations for appointment to teaching posts and also directed that the recruitment for such identified posts for the disabled candidates is to be conducted amongst the disabled candidates by adopting the selection procedure meant for filling up such posts within a period of six months. Most significantly, the Court clarified that in the absence of sufficient number of posts, the respondents were to create supernumerary posts or terminate the appointments that were made subject to the final adjudication in the present matter.
In addition to the non-identification of suitable posts for employment of disabled persons, there also seemed to have some reluctance on the part of certain establishments to either employ disabled persons or retain in their establishments an employee who acquired disability during the service in the establishment. Many establishments in fact did not make any provision for reservation of the disabled long after the coming into effect of the PWD Act. Delhi High Court while noting serious failure on the part of the government in implementation of the provisions of Section 33 of the PWD Act, directed the respondents in the case of National Federation of the Blind vs. Union of India and Ors
12 to constitute a Committee to compute the
backlog of posts and undertake a special recruitment drive to fill up posts identified. The Court also stayed all recruitment in departments/public sector undertakings till such time as reservation for disabled persons was provided for. In the case of Dilip Baruah vs. State of Assam and Ors
13,
a government establishment availed the service of a disabled person from time to time against the temporary vacancy by way of continuously renewing/extending his service term and thereafter he was not allowed to continue in his job. The Gauhati High Court found it very unfortunate that the petitioner being a disabled person has not been accommodated in the reserved quota as per the Statute; and directed the respondent to consider the case of the petitioner for appointment in reserved quota of disabled persons within a period of 2 (two) months.
One of the most significant aspects of the PWD Act is that while it makes 3% reservation for the disabled it also ensures that persons with different kinds of disabilities can actually share the benefit of reservation. Accordingly, the 3% reservation has further been sub-categorized as follows: 1% each for persons with blindness or low vision; hearing impairment; and locomotor disability or cerebral palsy. This sub-categorization has firmly been justified in the judgement of the Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court in the case of Dr Ravindra Kumar Pandey vs. State of UP and Others
14. The Division Bench stated: “the categorization of
physically handicapped, it appears, is founded on the intensity of deprivation or handicap. The Legislature therefore, while categorizing the disability, determined the order in which they should be treated if there were lesser vacancies”
15. In fact, the Court went ahead further and held
that if there was only one vacancy available to be filled from the disabled category, it should first be offered to the candidate suffering from blindness or low vision; and if no such candidate is available, then it should go to the next category of disability, that is, hearing impaired and thereafter to persons with locomotor disability
16, i. e. according to the order of the categories of
disabilities under Section 33 of the Act. The issue of sub-categorization in the reservation was also upheld in another earlier judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in the case of Perambaduru Murali Krishna and Ors vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors
17. In its
judgement on Mahesh Gupta vs. Yashwant Kumar Ahirwar18
, the Supreme Court held that person with disability constituted a special class and that there cannot be any further reservation based on caste or religion within disabled candidates.
The issue of promotion in employment for the disabled has also been found to be problematic on several occasions and judiciary had to play its role in this issue as well. For example, in the case of Union of India through G.M. Northern Railway vs. Jagmohan Singh
19,
an orthopaedically disabled employee was denied promotion on the ground that reservation in promotion is not allowed. The Central Administrative Tribunal ordered that the petitioner was
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entitled to a promotion against a reserved post for the disabled and the Railways challenged the order of the Tribunal before Delhi High Court. The Court found that the policy decision of the Railways was arbitrary and irrational and upheld the judgment of the Tribunal. In another case of reservation in promotion in the case of Chandrabhan Tadi vs. Life Insurance Corporation of India
20, the petitioner, a totally blind employee (telephone operator) of LIC, was allowed
promotion only after the filing of the writ petition in the Bombay High Court.
Disabilities acquired during service in the establishments brought in several litigations before the judiciary. In most such cases, the judiciary delivered judgements in favour of disabled persons taking the advantage of the clear and most unambiguous provisions under Section 47 of the PWD Act. In Omvati Kalshan vs. Delhi Development Authority
21, the petitioner, a DDA
employee, was certified as visually impaired and found it difficult for deskwork due to her deteriorating eyesight. Consequently she was offered a post at a lower grade and she was placed on a separate seniority list that did not have any avenue for promotion. The petitioner was also denied conveyance allowance. The Delhi High Court held that the respondent’s action of demoting the petitioner and placing her on a separate seniority list was contrary to the provisions of Section 47 of the Act and directed it to treat the petitioner as eligible to the next higher grade, subject to her being otherwise qualified.
In the case of O.P. Sharma vs. Delhi Transport Corporation22
, the petitioner, a conductor with the DTC, had a paralytic attack which led to severe impairment of his leg. He was thereafter subject to medical treatment, and found to be medically unfit for the job. He was later on prematurely retired from his post on the ground of being medically unfit to perform his job. The Delhi High Court ordered that he was entitled to reinstatement and directed the respondent to assign him suitable alternative duties with pay protection and continuity of service as per the provisions of Section 47 of the Person with Disabilities Act. The respondent was also ordered to provide the petitioner with other benefits that he was entitled to like annual increments, promotion etc. Further, the petitioner was awarded costs.
The landmark judgement with regard to the interpretation of Section 47 of the Act and the one which later formed the basis for most of the subsequent cases involving interpretation of Section 47 of the PWD Act is the case of Kunal Singh vs. Union of India and Anr
23.. The
appellant in this case was a Constable in the Special Service Bureau (SSB) and suffered an injury in his left leg when he was on duty. He was invalidated from service by the respondents. The petitioner went to Supreme Court making an appeal based on section 47 of the Act and the Supreme Court made the following observation:
It must be remembered that person does not acquire or suffer disability by choice. An employee, who acquires disability during his service, is sought to be protected under Section 47 of the Act specifically. Such employee, acquiring disability, if not protected, would not only suffer himself, but possibly all those who depend on him also suffer. The very frame and contents of Section 47 clearly indicate its mandatory nature…. In construing a provision of social beneficial enactment that too dealing with disabled persons intended to give them equal opportunities, protection of rights and full participation, the view that advances the object of the Act and serves its purpose must be preferred to the one which obstructs the object and paralyses the purpose of the Act.
In Supreme Court’s view, the language of Section 47 is plain and certain in casting
statutory obligation on the employer to protect an employee acquiring disability during service. The Supreme Court also observed that the Act is a special legislation, and the doctrine of generalia specialibus non derogant would apply
24. It thus ruled that Rule 38 of the Central Civil
Service (Pension) Rules 1972 (on the basis of which it was argued before the Supreme Court that
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the appellant was getting invalidity pension) cannot override Section 47 of the Act. In fact, the Supreme Court cited Section 72 of the PWD Act in this regard, which reads as follows:
The provisions of this Act, or the rules made there under shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of any other law for the time being in force or any rules, order or any instructions issued there under, enacted or issued for the benefits of persons with disabilities.
The Supreme Court held that the appellant has acquired disability during his service
and if found not suitable for the post he was holding, he could be shifted to some other post with same pay-scale and service benefits; if it was not possible to adjust him against any post, he could be kept on supernumerary post until a suitable post was available or he attains the age of superannuation, whichever is earlier. It, accordingly, directed the respondents to give relief in terms of section 47 of the Act. The Kunal Singh judgement
25, as mentioned above, formed the
basis of many subsequent judgements of the Courts concerning with similar identical question in law and involving the interpretation of Section 47 of the PWD Act.
In another very significant judgement of the Supreme Court in the case of Bhagwan Dass vs. Punjab State Electricity Board
26, an employee acquiring disability during service was
not aware about the beneficial provision under Section 47 and was retired from service in 1999 despite a circular of the Board that an employee acquiring disability during service could not be retired from service. Subsequently, the employee became aware about the provision that he is entitled to protection under Section 47 of the Act and, accordingly, made repeated requests to the respondent for rejoining service; but his request was not considered. The High Court of Punjab and Haryana dismissed his petition and he later on filed a special leave petition before the Supreme Court, which made the following observation: “The appellant was a class IV worker and preferred to opt for retirement when he realised that he had become completely blind. It was for the officers of the respondent to explain the correct legal position to him and his entitlement to protection under Section 47 of the Act”. The Supreme Court held that the appellant could continue in service till the date of his superannuation and that he would be entitled to all service benefits.
The Indian judiciary also brought relief to mentally disabled employees by applying the provision of Section 47 of the Act. For example, in an important case of Ashwini Ashok Desai vs. Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj General Hospital
27, the petitioner, an employee in a
government hospital developed a mental illness in 1999 and was under medication for schizophrenia. Later on, he was pre-maturely retired from service. The Commissioner for Persons with Disability held that since there was no reservation for the mentally ill under Section 33 of the PWD Act, a person with a mental illness cannot be given the benefit of Section 47 of the Act. However, the Bombay High Court, relying on the Kunal Singh judgment of the Supreme Court, differed and found that the Commissioner for Persons with Disability had committed an error in concluding that only persons covered under Section 33 were protected under Section 47 of the Act. The Court set aside the order of the Commissioner and the order terminating the petitioner’s service; and the respondents were directed to identify a suitable post for the petitioner or create a supernumerary post under Section 47. The respondents were further directed to transfer the petitioner to Pune as his family resided at Pune. In yet another recent and significant judgement involving mental disability, the Madras High Court while taking recourse to Section 47 of the Act, in the case of C. Narayanan vs. The Deputy Director-cum-Principal In Charge, Government Industrial Training Institute, Chennai & Anr.
28, said that mental
disability cannot be a ground for removal of an employee.
Additionally, Indian judiciary has also upheld the rights of reasonable accommodation for the disabled employees. In its judgement in the case of Syed Bashir-ud-din Qadri vs. Nazir
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791
Ahmed Shah and Others29
, the Supreme Court said that the doctrine of reasonable accommodation would require the provision of aids and appliances to enable a disabled person in employment to carry out his duties effectively
30. Before this, Bombay High Court upheld
reasonable accommodation in employment the case of Ranjit Kumar Rajak vs. State Bank of India
31 by applying the provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (which India had ratified but is yet to incorporate in its municipal law).
Employment rights under the proposed new disability legislation
In order to harmonize the provisions of the UN Convention on Disabilities (to which India is a party) with the Indian municipal laws a draft Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill 2011 (RPDB) has already been prepared and if this draft Bill is approved and enacted as a new legislation by the Parliament, it will replace the existing PWD Act. The RPDB seems to have been influenced by several verdicts of the Indian judiciary, which has made positive interpretation of the PWD Act in order to provide specific relief for employment of persons with disability. RPDB contains several specific provisions for work and employment opportunities of persons with disability. A brief summary of the important Sections of the draft RPDB on employment is given below.
Section 56: (1) No establishment shall directly or indirectly discriminate against any person with disability in any matter relating to employment including but not limited to recruitment, promotion and other related issues arising in the course of or through the length of employment in any establishment; (2) No establishment shall dispense with, or reduce in rank, an employee who acquires a disability during service, such employee may if required by the nature of disability, be shifted to another post with the same pay scale and service benefits. Provided further that if it is not possible to adjust the employee against any post, then such employee may be kept on a supernumerary post until a suitable post is available or the age of superannuation whichever is earlier; (4) Every establishment shall facilitate reasonable accommodation of persons with disabilities by taking adequate measures
32 to guarantee that persons with disabilities are
not disadvantaged in any manner at any stage of employment; (5) Any person with disability, if eligible for any post which is sought to be filled, shall have the right to appear for selection and hold the post if selected; (6) An establishment shall not ordinarily post and transfer a person with disability in a place other than his or her native place or within the vicinity of such place unless such transfer becomes necessary due to exigencies of the job and expertise possessed by the person with disabilities; (7) The appropriate governments may frame such rules and regulations as may be necessary from time to time for the purposes of achieving the objectives outlined above; (8) Every establishment undertaking an exercise of retrenchment or declaring its staff surplus shall as far be not include persons with disabilities in such exercise or process. In the event of persons with disabilities being included in such exercise or process, enhanced benefits shall be payable to them.
Section 57: (1) All establishments shall reserve not less than seven percent of all posts and in promotions for persons with disabilities in accordance with the following banding of disabilities, with each band being entitled to 1%: a. Persons with blindness; b. Persons with hearing impairment and speech impairment; c. Persons with locomotor disability and leprosy cured; d. Persons with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy; e. Persons with autism, intellectual disability and mental illness; f. Persons with multiple disabilities, deaf-blindness and multiple sclerosis; g. Persons with Low vision and persons who are hard of hearing. Provided that posts identified under Section 32 of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act of 1995 (Act No 1 of 1996) shall operate as guidelines for implementing this reservation.
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Section 58: (1) All establishments shall put in place an Equal Opportunity Policy detailing measures and commitments initiated by the Establishment; (2) An Equal Opportunity Policy shall: a. delineate measures taken in order to comply with the provisions of the Act; b. provide strategies to increase employment opportunities with specific attention to all schemes and reasonable accommodation measures; c. specifically detail measures taken and strategies employed to reasonably accommodate and increase employment opportunities for women with disabilities.
Section 59: (1) Every establishment shall maintain records in relation to employment, facilities provided and other necessary information in such form and in such manner as may be prescribed by the appropriate government; (2) These records shall specifically include information on women with disabilities in relation to their employment, facilities provided and other information as prescribed; (3) Every employment exchange shall register in accordance with prescribed procedure and thereby maintain records of persons with disabilities seeking employment. These records shall specifically include data on women with disabilities; (4) Such records shall be relevant and authentic evidence of a person with disability seeking unemployment allowance under Section 64 (6) (d) of this Act; (5) Any person authorized by the State Disability Rights Authority may inspect the records during the working hours of the establishment.
Section 60: (1) The appropriate governments shall take all necessary measures with respect to formulation of schemes and programmes to facilitate and support employment of persons with disabilities, with special reference to self-employment and vocational training of persons with disabilities; (2) The appropriate governments shall establish in each district work centres where persons with disabilities in rural areas can be imparted necessary skills and provided work opportunities in different trades including rural trades; (3) The appropriate governments shall ensure imparting of skills through convergence in existing training centers and institutions and establish centers where none exists so that persons with disabilities in rural areas can be imparted necessary skills in crafts, trades and domiciliary occupations and provide work; (4) The appropriate governments shall provide adequate loans at concessional rates under the existing micro-credit and loan schemes to persons with disabilities in order to facilitate self-employment schemes; (5) If, in the opinion of the person recruited, there is a need to impart specific training prior to recruitment in order to ensure that a person with disability has adequate support, then such facilities should be made available; (6) The appropriate governments shall institute suitable schemes to promote and support the creative skills of persons with disabilities in rural and urban areas by establishing networks between the artisans and marketing federations and handicraft boards.
Section 61: The appropriate governments shall provide incentives to all establishments to ensure that at least ten per cent of their work force is composed of persons with disabilities.
Section 63: (1) The appropriate governments may retain the special employment exchanges established under Section 34 of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 and establish new exchanges.
In addition, the RPDB also includes a specific provision for employment of disabled woman under Section 8, which reads as follows:
Section 8: (1) No woman with disability shall be directly or indirectly discriminate against in recruitment, promotion, or any other related matter arising in the course of or
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793
through the length of employment; (2) The appropriate governments shall take all effective and appropriate measures, including formulation of schemes and programmes, to ensure that women with disabilities have access to opportunities for employment, vocational training, micro-credit and self-employment on an equal basis with others.
Conclusion Disability does not imply inability. Persons with disability do have their own specific talents, capabilities and skills and may, in fact, turn out to be very productive members of the society if suitable works and employment opportunities are available for them. However, the attitude of employers/society, lack of adequate government policies for secure employment, ignorance of the provisions of law, non-availability of affordable aids and appliances and inaccessible work places still remain the major concerns with regard to works and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. Finding and holding employment opportunities of their choice is really a problem for person with disabilities. As per the original provision of the PWD Act, the three percent reservation under the Act is limited to only three categories of disability (namely blindness or low vision; hearing impairment; and locomotor disability or cerebral palsy, with 1% reservation for each category)
33. The PWD Act has defined disability narrowly and many
categories of disabled persons have, in fact, been left outside its scope. The Act provides reservation for the employment of the disabled persons in government sector only
34; and that too
with provisions of “exemption clause” for certain establishments. The requirement of ‘identification of jobs’ under the PWD Act was a major stumbling block for implementing reservation as many establishments cited, till recently, the non-identification of jobs as the reason for non-implementation of reservation. Further, non-compliance by appropriate authorities does not impose any specific sanction or responsibility to such authorities. In case of the private sector the provision for reservation of jobs has remained at recommendation level as the Act only talks about the “incentive policy”, which has not been properly spelt out so far. The Indian judiciary has, of course, played a significant role in upholding the employment rights for persons with disability through its positive interpretation of the PWD Act. Based on the experience gained through judicial interpretation of the PWD Act, the draft of the new disability legislation (as mentioned above) has also come out with several explicit provisions in order to address various employment related rights of the persons with disability. It is important that this new legislation be enacted at the earliest after incorporating all the important provisions of the UN Convention on Disabilities. Most importantly, employers and their establishment need to change their attitude and work culture. It is very essential that they nurture and nourish the skills and capabilities of persons with disabilities.
Notes & References 1 cited in UNESCAP (2012): Disability, Livelihood and Poverty in Asia and the Pacific: An Executive Summary of Research Findings, p.13 (http://www.unescap.org/sdd/publications/ DL/SDD-Disability-Livilihood.pdf, accessed on 26 July 2013) 2 2001 (Supp) Bom CR 132 (Bom HC) 3 2005 (13) SCC 721 4 2005 (1) Bom CR 740 (Bom HC) 5 WP No. 70074/ 2002 (AP HC), judgement order dated 18 November 2002 6 Kothari, Jayna (2012): The Future of Disability Law in India, (New Delhi: Oxford University Press) 96 7Id., p. 97 8 Ravi Kumar Arora vs. Union of India and Another [2004 (111) DLT 126] 9The petitioner in the case of T. D. Dinakar vs. Union of India [WP(C) 4574 of 2003 (Del HC)] appeared for UPSC Civil Services Examination in 2001 as visually impaired candidate; but was considered as general category and was not accordingly appointed based on the cut off marks for the general category. Based on the Ravi Arora judgement, the single Judge of the Delhi High Court in the present case directed the respondents to appoint the petitioner to a Civil Services post and also ordered that costs of Rs. 20,000 to be paid to the petitioner. The UPSC preferred an appeal, i. e. UPSC vs. T.D. Dinakar [LPA 588/2006 (Del
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794
HC)] against this order of the single Judge on the grounds that the respondent had not qualified as he had failed to meet the standards fixed for general category candidates and there was no vacancy reserved for visually impaired candidates. However, the review petition was dismissed. The Court in fact pulled up the Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE) on the aspect of identification of posts and conveyed its un-satisfaction with the stand taken by the Ministry and further observing that the laudable Parliamentary object of the PWD Act to benefit the disabled had been thwarted for a decade by the Executive by not identifying posts. 10 SLP No. 14889 of 2009, judgement order dated 7 July 2010 11 C.W.P. No. 2549 of 1995 (Del HC), judgement order dated 30 January 2001; (2005) 1 PDD (CC) 252 12W. P. (C) NO. 15828/2006, (Delhi HC), judgement order dated 19 December 2008 (http://indiankanoon.org/doc/226777/, accessed on 26 March 2013) 13 W.P. (C) No. 1065 of 2000 (Gau HC), judgement order dated 4 January 2001; (2005) 1 PDD (CC) 197 14 Writ Petition No. 12603/2003 15cited in Kothari, Jayna (2012): The Future of Disability Law in India, (New Delhi: Oxford University Press) 106 16 Id. 17 W. P. No. 3997 of 2002 and 4041 of 2002 (Andhra HC), judgement order dated 20 December 2002; (2005) 1 PDD (CC) 231 182007 (8) SCC 621 19 2008 (3) SLJ 80 (Del HC) 20 W.P 1184 of 2006 (Bom HC), judgement order dated 13 November 2006 21 2005 (125) DLT 57 (Del HC) 22 2005 (125)DLT 742 (Del HC) 23 Civil Appeal No. 1789 of 2000 (SC), judgement order dated 13 February 2003; (2005) 1 PDD (CC) 373 24 In the case of Dalip Kumar vs. AIIMS [WP(C) No. 8926/2005 (Del HC), judgement order dated 14 January 2008], the Delhi High Court also upheld the Disabilities Act as a lex specialis; and, therefore, it was held that in cases where the rights of the persons with disabilities are involved, it will take precedence over other general legislation. 25 Kunal Singh judgement was not the first case where the Supreme Court held that the persons acquiring disability during service would enjoy the same pay-scale and service benefits even after they are rendered physically handicapped. In fact, before coming into effect of the Disability Act, Supreme Court in the case of State of Haryana vs. Narender Kumar Chawla [1994 (4) SCC 460], held that in case of employees rendered physically handicapped during the course of employment, the Court has power to give directions regarding observation of such employee carrying a pay scale equal to that of his original post. 26AIR 2008 SC 990 27 W.P No. 3545 of 2005 (Bom HC), judgement order dated 5 August 2005 28 W.P.No.11728 of 2007, (Madras HC) judgement order dated 13 December 2010 (http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1578659/, accessed on 2 April 2013) 29 Civil Appeal Nos. 2281-2282 of 2010, judgement order dated 10 March 2010 30Kothari, Jayna (2012): p. 130-131 31Writ Petition No. 576 of 2008 (Bom HC), judgement order dated 8 May 2009 32 adequate measures’ include, but are not limited to the provision of necessary aids and equipment, adequate healthcare facilities, necessary physical changes in buildings to ensure accessibility at workplaces, flexible work timings, continuous monitoring with regard to necessary support, or any arrangements or facilities created for equality with regard to competitive public service examinations and other such service related tests 33 Amendment to the Act further expanded this to 5% with additional 2% reservation for mentally retarded, cerebral palsy and autism. 33 The interpretation of the PWD Act by the Bombay High Court, in the case of Shree Satish Prabhakar Padhye and Others vs. Dalco Engineering Private Ltd., found that non-discrimination in employment would also extend to the private sector since the term ‘establishment’ in Section 2(k) has been defined in such a manner that it would cover private establishments as well. However, the Supreme Court later reversed this decision.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
795
LABOUR ACTIVITIES
LABOUR SITUATION
Information relating to Closures, Retrenchments and Lay-offs in respect of various
States/Union Territories in the country for the month of January to May 2013 (Provisional)
received in the Bureau upto 28th
June, 2013 is presented in the following Tables:-
Table-I
State-wise Number of Permanent Closures and Workers Affected during
January to May, 2013 (P)
States/Union Territories No. of Units No. of Workers Affected
1. Goa 3 151
2. Karnataka 1 36
3. Tripura 5 58
Total :State Sphere
Central Sphere
Grand Total
9
(-)
9
245
(-)
245
Table-II
Industry-wise Number of Permanent Closures and Workers Affected during
January to May, 2013 (P)
Section
NIC-2008
Description No. of Units
No. of Workers
Affected
A Agriculture, Forestry and fishing
1 7
C Manufacturing 6 198
F Construction 1 36
I Accommodation and Food Service activities
1 4
Total : State Sphere
Central Sphere
Grand Total
9
(-)
9
245
(-)
245
(P): Provisional
- : Nil.
Note: Information within brackets relate to Central Sphere.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
796
Table-III
State-wise Number of Units affecting Retrenchments and Workers Retrenched thereby during
January to May, 2013 (P)
State/Union Territory No. of Units No. of Workers affected
1. Goa - -
(13) (373)
2. Gujarat 1 109
(-) (-)
3. Karnataka 1 2
(-) (-)
4. Odisha - -
(1) (794)
Total : State Sphere 2 111
Central Sphere (14) (1167)
Grand Total 16 1278
Table-IV
Industry-wise Number of Units affecting Retrenchments and Workers Retrenched during
January to May, 2013 (P)
Section
NIC-2008
Description No. of Units No. of Workers
affected
B Mining and quarrying - -
(6) (225)
C Manufacturing 1 109
(1) (27)
H Transportation - -
(4) (58)
M Professional, scientific and technical activities
1 2
(2) (63)
.. .. - -
(1) (794)
Total: State Sphere 2 111
Central Sphere (14) (1167)
Grand Total 16 1278
(P): Provisional
- : Nil.
.. : Not available.
Note: Information within brackets relate to Central Sphere.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
797
Table-V
State-wise Number of Units Affecting Lay-offs, Workers Laid-off and Mandays Lost during
January to May, 2013 (P)
States/Union Territories No. of Units No. of Workers
Affected
No. of Mandays Lost
1. Kerala 4
(-)
119
(-)
10254
(-)
Total : State Sphere
Central Sphere
Grand
Total
4
(-)
4
119
(-)
119
10254
(-)
10254
Table- VI
Industry-wise Number of Units Affecting Lay-offs, Workers Laid-off and Mandays Lost
during January to May, 2013 (P)
Section
NIC-
2008
Description No. of
Units
No. of Workers
Affected
Mandays Lost
C Manufacturing 3
(-)
83
(-)
7698
(-)
.. .. 1 36 2556
(-) (-) (-)
Total : State Sphere
Central Sphere
Grand Total
4
(-)
4
119
(-)
119
10254
(-)
10254
Table-VII
Month-wise break-up of Mandays Lost due to Lay-off during January to May, 2013 (P)
Month Mandays Lost
January 1,805 (-)
February 2,737 (-)
March 2,737 (-)
April 2,975 (-)
May .. (..)
Total: State Sphere Central Sphere Grand Total
10,254 (-)
10,254
(P): Provisional - : Nil. .. : Not available.
Note: Information within brackets relate to Central Sphere.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
798
Industrial Disputes during January to May, 2013 (Provisional)
The statistics of work-stoppages due to Industrial Disputes during January to May 2013
based on the returns received from different State Labour Departments / Regional Labour
Commissioners (Central) are presented in the following tables:
As per available information 62 Industrial Disputes resulting in work-stoppages were
reported during January to May, 2013 in which 212985 workers were involved and 855432
mandays lost were reported. Besides, there were 11 disputes which occurred due to reasons
other than Industrial Disputes also. In the said disputes 6149 workers were involved and 553737
mandays were lost.
Table VIII
Number of Mandays Lost on Account of Work-stoppages during January to May, 2012 and 2013
Number of Mandays Lost on Account of
Month Industrial Disputes Reasons Other Than Industrial Disputes
2012 (P) 2013(P) 2012 (P) 2013 (P) 1 2 3 4 5
January 177980 147082 163336 152180
February 740202 538964 150987 141557
March 125222 69568 168259 130000
April 178520 67418 160953 130000
May 113068 32400 162155 -
Total 1334992 855432 805690 553737
(P) = Provisional and based on the returns /clarifications received in the Bureau till
28th
June, 2013
N.B:- Figures for 2013 are not comparable with those for 2012 due to non-receipt of data from
various States / Union Territories.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
799
Table IX
State-wise Major* Industrial Disputes in India including Industrial Disputes
Due to Reasons other than Industrial Disputes till January to May, 2013 (P)
Name of the State /
Union Territory /
Sphere / Sector /
Number of
Establishments affected
Strike/
Lockout
Cause No. of
Workers
involved
No. of
Manda
ys lost
(in
000’s)
Wages
lost
(Rs. In
Lakhs)
Production
loss
(Rs. in
Lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CENTRAL SPHERE NIL
STATE SPHERE
Punjab
One Unit
(Private Sector)
Strike Wages & Allowances
1200 67.2 .. ..
(P) = Provisional and based on the returns /clarifications received in the Bureau till
28th
June, 2013
.. = Not reported
* = All disputes in which there was a time loss of 50,000 or more mandays during the period
under review or beginning of the disputes are classified as Major disputes
First keep the peace within yourself, and then you can also
bring peace to others.
-Thomas a Kempis
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
800
NEWS IN BRIEF
(a) INDIAN LABOUR The news items reported below have been gleaned from various official and unofficial
sources. Hence, the Labour Bureau is not in a position to vouchsafe the authenticity of the unofficial news items.
India Inc Gives Approval for Youth’s On-the-job Training - Youth aspiring for jobs in the services sector could soon pick up the necessary skills through on-the-job training with India Inc agreeing to a mandate for services firms to hire at least 2.5% of their workforce as apprentices. Traditionally used in India for imparting technical and manufacturing skills, the apprenticeship model has had limited success due to a very rigid 52 year-old law governing such training. India has just 2.5 lakh youth in apprenticeships, which is far too low for a workforce that is growing by 12 million a year. Japan and Germany have 3 million and 1 million apprentices, respectively. Now, industry has told the government it could do more to train India’s youth on-the-job if the legal regime that includes penal provisions such as imprisonment up to six months for violations was eased. Firms outside the services sectors are ready to offer apprenticeships to train youth of at least 5% of their total workforce and have proposed a cap of 10% so that the option is not abused. The 10% cap would discourage companies from recruiting abnormally high number of apprentices instead of regular workers with a possibility of using them as cheap labour, said a senior official, referring to the industry’s proposals to amend the Apprenticeship Act of 1961. Amendments to the law, proposed since 2009, have been held up in inter-ministerial conflicts and hence Labour Ministry has now been asked to try and move forward on issues where a consensus is feasible. These expansions in apprenticeship capacity would need a change in the rules that allow the government to set the number of training seats for each trade in each firm. The industry’s proposals steered by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) have got the backing of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s advisor on Skills S Ramadorai. On the low stipends paid to apprentices, India Inc has said that they must be linked to the minimum wages for each trade at the state level, with the stipend starting at 60 % of such wages in the first year of training going up to 90% in the fourth year. At the same time, it has been proposed that the duration of longer apprenticeships be rationalised and the minimum duration be reduced to two months considering the needs of the services sector. Companies should be allowed to terminate apprentices if they face an adverse business cycle or if a trainee performs poorly, following a one month notice period.
(The Economic Times, 03.06.2013)
India in the Eye of an Employee Turnover Storm: Survey - As the growth trends firm up in job market, India is set to witness highest attrition rate globally with possibility of one in four employees switching jobs in the country, a survey said. The survey conducted by global human resource and management consultancy major Hay Group also said that the concerns among the Indian employees about fairness of their compensation and career objectives could be the key reasons for them to switch jobs. Global management consultancy, Hay Group, in association with the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR), found that 49 million more employees are likely to leave their employers worldwide over the next five years compared to 2012, owing to improvement in economic and labour market conditions. The Asia-Pacific will experience its largest spike in employee turnover (job switch) levels this year, and organisations in the region will experience the highest increase in turnover rates worldwide. India is expected to lead the region in turnover rates at 26.9 per cent (in the organised sector) in 2013 — the highest attrition rate globally; this figure is expected to go up further in 2014 to stand at 27.5 per cent. Indian employees expressed concerns about the fairness of their compensation (55 per cent)
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801
and the extent to which benefits meet their needs (48 per cent). One in every three employees expressed concern over lack of confidence in being able to achieve their career objectives with their current employers (37 per cent). As a result, they are concerned about opportunities for learning and development (39 per cent) and supervisory coaching for their development (36 per cent), the report added. Globally, the number of workers taking flight is expected to reach 161.7 million in 2014 — a 12.9 per cent increase in people leaving compared to 2012.
(The Hindu Business Line, 07.06.2013)
Call for Ban on All Forms of Child Labour - As the world celebrated International Day Against Child Labour on June 12, leading child rights organisations, including Child Rights and You (CRY) and Save the Children, reiterated that the persistence of child labour in India was primarily due to lack of political will. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has marked 2013 as the year to combat child domestic labour, a growing menace in India. “The ban on child labour in homes and eateries has been there since 2010, but still thousands of children are working as domestic workers or in dhabas and even in factories in the national Capital,’’ said Save the Children CEO Thomas Chandy. “Unfortunately, there are no special laws to control these placement agencies. The good thing is that police takes action against the employers in case of a report, but the law needs to be strengthened in order for it to act as a deterrent against child labour,” Mr. Chandy added, asking the government to “pass the amended law banning all forms of child labour.” Child labour in India is governed by the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, which is considered primarily a work-centric legislation rather than a child-centric one, argued CRY CEO Puja Marwaha. “The legislation addresses children engaged in hazardous occupations and processes in a limited way, as the purview of the Act covers only 18 occupations and 65 processes. It has a few glaring gaps as it still allows children to work in home-based work. This allows uncontrolled employment of children in bidi-rolling, embroidery work and making fire crackers as these are sub-contracted jobs that children do at home,” she added.
(The Hindu, 14.06.2013) Number of Mining Accidents Falls by 50% in last 7 Years - Consistently clocking negative growth for the past two years, the mining industry now has some good news: this has been the safest period with the number of fatal accidents hitting an all-time low of 112 in 2011 and rising marginally to 116 in 2012. "Mining accidents and fatalities have gone down, but even a single death is unacceptable," says Director General of Mines Safety Rahul Guha, who feels that lowering mining mishaps beyond this level would be a challenge and need concerted efforts and investments. The total number of accidents across coal, metal and oil mines, has more than halved in the last seven years, falling from 1,358 in 2005 to just 591 in 2012. Where fatalities are concerned, India has a better track record than China. According to official Chinese data, 1,384 workers died in coal mine accidents in 2012, sharply down from 1,973 people in 2011 and around 7,000 deaths recorded a decade ago. "One of the key reasons for better mine safety is the shift in technology from underground mining to open-cast mining. The decades of higher fatalities were those when there were underground mines," explains Dipesh Dipu, partner at Jenissi Management Consultants, who feels that improving safety beyond this level would mean striving to bring accidents to zero. Officials say that production from open-cast mines now accounts for over 95% of India's mineral output, leading to a dramatic fall in miner deaths.
(The Economic Times, 14.06.2013) Jobs Growth Up a Tad in Q4 at 0.35% - A survey of the Labour Bureau revealed that employment growth in the eight labour-intensive sectors grew by 0.35% quarter-on-quarter during January-March 2013, from 0.24-0.28% in the previous three quarters, on the back of some uptick in select sectors like jewellery, auto and leather industries. However, employment
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
802
growth during the entire FY13 was at 1.14%, lagging the 1.77% in FY12, as the overall economic growth slumped to a decade’s low of 5% last year from 6.2% in 2011-12, following a dismal industrial growth and decline in exports. The employment growth rates in the two previous fiscals were over 2.6% as the economy was growing faster. The overall increase in employment during 2012-13 was 3.48 lakh, said the latest quarterly survey on 2,344 units covering textiles, handloom, leather, metals, automobiles, jewellery, transport and IT/BPO sectors employing a little over 3 crore workers. These sectors generated 8.37 lakh jobs during 2011-12, and 9.79 lakh jobs during 2010-11, when the economy grew by 9.3%. At the sectoral level, textiles generated 1.4 lakh employment in 2012-13, followed by IT/BPO with 1.19 lakh jobs, metals generated 39,000 and automobiles 22,000 jobs. The survey revealed that the latest quarter of 2012-13 has experienced an increase of 107,000 in employment, an increase of 0.35% quarter-on-quarter, the survey said. This was slightly higher than 0.28% in the two previous quarters and 0.24% in first quarter of 2012-13. Of the total 3.48 lakh jobs created in 2012-13, about 2.86 lakh were direct employment and the remaining 62,000 were contractual jobs. Export-oriented units generated 1.94 lakh jobs, or 56%, of the fresh jobs during 2012-13, with textile exporting companies hiring 1.13 lakh workers followed by IT/BPO sector with 41,000 new jobs.
(The Financial Express, 15.06.2013)
India's Unemployment Increased 2% in FY12 as Slowdown Hits Hiring - India’s unemployment rose by 2% during July 2011-June 2012, almost the same rate as in 2009-10, as the economic slowdown prompted companies to slow hiring to cut cost. The rise in unemployment rate comes despite 13.9 million new job creation between 2010 and 2012, as the country’s workforce increased to 472.9 million from 459.0 million, data collated by the ministry of statistics and programme implementation showed. During 2011-12, economic growth slipped to 6.2% from 9.3% in 2010-11, mainly due to industrial slowdown and decline in overseas orders for Indian merchandise. The growth rate further fell to decade's low of 5% in 2012-13. This had prompted many companies to cut jobs or freeze hiring. With thousands of fresh graduates pouring into the job market and job creation almost stagnating, unemployment rate rose. India still fared better than developed nations especially for some debt-ridden European nations where unemployment rate was much higher. The number of unemployed to labour force ratio increasing to 22 per 1,000 in 2011-12 from 20 in 2009-10 measured in terms of usual status basis, while the urban employment rate rose 3%, it was up 2% in the rural areas. Male unemployment was up 3% and female jobless rate was up by 5% in urban areas while it was nearly 2% for both in rural areas. The labour force participation rate (LFPR), the ratio of labour force to the population, declined a tad to 39.5% in 2011-12 from 40% in 2009-10, with the LFPR for men almost flat at 55.6% compared with 55.7% earlier while the LFPR for women dropping to 22.5% from 23.3%. The working population ratio (WPR), the proportion of workforce to population, fell to 38.6% in 2011-12 from 39.2% two years ago as the male WPR nearly dipped to 54.4% from 54.6% while female WPR dipped to 21.9% from 22.8%. Of the total workforce, the share of self-employed like farmers, traders and businessmen was 52% while regular wage/salaried employees constituted 18% and casual labourers made up for 30%.
(The Financial Express, 21.06.2013)
47% Graduates in India are Unemployable for any Job: Report - At least 47% of graduates in India are not employable for any industry role, according the latest report by employability solutions firm Aspiring Minds. The report is based on a pan-India study of 60,000 graduates across colleges. The employability of graduates varies from 2.59% in functional roles such as accounting to 15.88% in sales-related roles and 21.37% for roles in the business process outsourcing (BPO/ITeS) sector. A significant proportion of graduates, nearly 47%, were found not employable in any sector, given their lack of proficiency in English and cognitive skills. Since a graduation degree is considered a pathway to a job in the knowledge economy,
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803
substantive intervention at the school and college level is needed to improve basic skills of students. A renewed focus on vocational training should be re-emphasised, said the report. The employability varies from role to role based on varying degrees of proficiency required in language and cognitive skills. "This study is a first of its kind for three-year degree graduates across India evaluating employability for major roles being offered by industry. The alarming statistics of nearly half of the country's graduates not being employable in the knowledge economy needs great attention with interventions at both the school and higher education levels," Varun Aggarwal, co-founder, Aspiring Minds said in a statement.
(The Economic Times, 24.06.2013) CSR Activity Matters for Indian Employees: Ipsos Survey - Employees in India have one of the highest regards for corporate social responsibility as more than half of the employees in the country are concerned about companies’ behaviour towards society, says a survey. The Ipsos survey of 24 nations showed that workers in emerging market economies are much more concerned about their employers’ responsibility towards the society than the developed nations. The feelings on corporate responsibility were highest in Brazil (65%), Mexico (59%), Argentina (57%), Indonesia (55%) and India (51 %), the survey said. In contrast, in Japan and France less than 20% of workers felt the same way, and in Spain, Belgium, Germany, South Korea and China the number was less than 30%. In other developed nations it ranged from 30% in Britain and 32% in the United States to 35% in Australia and 37 % in Canada. ‘‘The key message that comes out of the survey is that companies can’t neglect corporate social responsibility. Employees believe it is important for their employers to be a responsible corporate citizen for being respected as a socially responsible organisation,’’ said Biswarup Banerjee, head of marketing communication and in charge of CSR for Ipsos in India. Banerjee added that ‘‘CSR is a vital tool to boost business and employee morale, it brings in a sense of pride in the organisation, engenders teamwork and is a source of inspiration and connectedness.’’ In addition, seven in 10 (67%) Indians think that companies should pay more attention to the environment and more than half (58%) Indians expect companies should do more to contribute towards the society, the study said.
(The Financial Express, 28.06.2013)
Industries/Services Declared/Granted Extension as Public Utility Services under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947– As per the information received in the Bureau, the following Industries/Services have been declared Public Utility Services for a period of six months with effect from the date mentioned against them.
Sl.
No.
Authority Making
Declaration
Industry/Service Date of Declaration
1 Central Government I) I) Services in the Iron and Steel Industry 15.06.2013
II) Services in the Iron Ore Mining Industry 18.06.2013
III) Services in the Uranium Industry 21.06.2013
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
804
Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers(CPI-IW) on base 2001=100 and Agricultural and Rural Labourers on base 1986-87=100 for the month May, 2013
Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers- The All-India CPI-IW for May, 2013 rose by 2 points and pegged at 228 (two hundred and twenty eight). On 1-month percentage change, it increased by 0.88 per cent between April and May compared with 0.49 per cent between the same two months a year ago.The largest upward contribution to the change in current index came from Food group which increased by 1.22 per cent, contributing 1.64 percentage points to the total change. At item level, Rice, Arhar Dal, Fish Fresh, Poultry (Chicken), Milk, Chillies Green, Garlic, Ginger, Tomato, Root & Green Vegetables, Tea Leaf, Tea (Readymade), Cigarette, Country Liquor, Electricity Charges, Medicine (Allopathic), Repair Charges, etc. are responsible for the rise in index. However, this was compensated by Petrol putting downward pressure on the index. The year-on-year inflation measured by monthly CPI-IW stood at 10.68 per cent for May, 2013 as compared to 10.24 per cent for the previous month and 10.16 per cent during the corresponding month of the previous year. Similarly, the Food inflation stood at 13.24 per cent against 12.39 per cent of the previous month and 10.61 per cent during the corresponding month of the previous year. At centre level, Chennai and Nagpur recorded the largest increase of 8 points each followed by Nasik (7 points) and Warrangal, Coonoor, Hubli Dharwar, Madurai and Tripura (6 points each). Among others, 5 points rise was registered in 2 centres, 4 points in 14 centres, 3 points in 6 centres, 2 points in 12 centres, and 1 point in 12 centres. On the contrary, a decline of 6 points was reported in Delhi, 5 points in Ghaziabad, 4 points in Srinagar, 3 points in 2 centres, 2 points in 2 centres and 1 point in 7 centres. Rest of the 10 centres’ indices remained stationary. The indices of 38 centres are above All-India Index and other 38 centres’ indices are below national average. The index of Jabalpur and Haldia centres remained at par with all-India index.
(Labour Bureau)
Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers - The All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers (Base: 1986-87=100) for May, 2013 increased by 8 points and 9 points respectively to stand at 719 ( Seven hundred and nineteen) points for Agricultural Labourers and 720 points (Seven hundred and twenty) for Rural Labourers. The rise/fall in index varied from State to State. In case of Agricultural Labourers, it recorded an increase which varied between 3 to 19 points in 19 States and a decrease of 11 points in 1 State. Karnataka with 792 points topped the index table whereas Himachal Pradesh with the index level of 560 points stood at the bottom. In case of Rural Labourers, it recorded an increase between 2 to 20 points in 19 States and a decrease of 10 points in 1 State. Karnataka with 789 points topped the index table whereas Himachal Pradesh and Tripura States with the index level of 592 points each stood at the bottom.West Bengal State registered the maximum increase of 19 and 20 points respectively for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers mainly due to increase in the prices of rice, wheat, meat goat, fish fresh, ginger, vegetables & fruits, gur, bidi, firewood, shirting cloth cotton (mill) and plastic shoes. On the other hand, Bihar State registered a decline of 11 points and 10 points respectively for CPI-AL and CPI-RL due to decrease in the prices of rice, wheat/wheat atta, maize, onion and vegetable & fruits. Point to point rate of inflation based on the CPI-AL and CPI-RL increased from 12.32% and 12.15% in April, 2013 to 12.70% and 12.50% in May, 2013. Inflation based on food index of CPI-AL and CPI-RL are 13.37% and 13.14 % respectively during May, 2013.
(Labour Bureau)
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
805
(b) FOREIGN LABOUR
Uneven Job Recovery Poses Challenges to most Countries - As the global economy continues
a slow recovery from the financial crisis, most emerging and developing countries are
experiencing rising employment and narrowing income inequalities compared to their high-
income counterparts. However, the gap between rich and poor in most low and middle-income
countries remains wide. Many families who have managed to rise above the poverty line are at
risk of lapsing back. By contrast, income inequalities have increased in advanced economies
over the past two years, against the backdrop of increasing global unemployment – predicted to
rise from the current 200 million to nearly 208 million by 2015. According to the ILO’s World of
Work report 2013 “Repairing the economic and social fabric”, income inequalities rose
between 2010 and 2011 in 14 of the 26 advanced economies surveyed, including France,
Denmark, Spain and the United States. Inequality levels in seven of the remaining 12 countries
were still higher than before the start of the crisis. Economic inequalities are also on the rise, as
small firms lag behind their larger counterparts in terms of profits and productive investment.
While most large enterprises have regained access to capital markets, start-ups and small
enterprises are disproportionately affected by bank credit conditions. This is a problem for job
recovery now and affects economic prospects over the longer term. The report shows that
middle-income groups in many advanced economies are shrinking, fuelled in part, by long-term
unemployment, weakening job quality and workers dropping out of the labour market altogether.
The report also shows how productive investment, minimum wages and social protection have
contributed to reducing poverty and inequality in countries like Brazil, Costa Rica, India,
Indonesia, Turkey and Viet Nam.
(ILO News, 03.06.2013)
Hiring Outlook: US Scores, India Slips - More employers in the US plan to hire workers next
quarter than in any period since the fourth quarter of 2008, according to a survey by Manpower
Group. Manpower's quarterly survey found that most employers around the globe were uncertain
about hiring workers in the July through September period given tepid consumer demand.
Manpower, which surveyed 42 economies, found that employers in 31 countries and territories
planned to hire next quarter. Hiring intentions strengthened in 17 economies, including Spain,
Greece and the US, compared to the previous quarter. Hiring outlook weakened in most of Asia-
Pacific, most significantly in India, which reported the weakest expectations since joining
Manpower's survey eight years ago. While none of the Indian employers surveyed by Manpower
said they intended to reduce their workforce this quarter, hiring expectations dropped 6 points
from the previous quarter and 28 points from a year earlier to a plus-18.
(The Financial Express, 12.06.2013)
Child Domestic Workers Suffer from Statistical Invisibility, says ILO - The world over,
around 15 million children work as paid or unpaid domestic workers, of which at least 10.5
million are below the legal minimum age, according to an International Labour Organization
(ILO) report titled Ending Child Labour in Domestic Work, released on the occasion of World
Day Against Child Labour. These children work under conditions either hazardous or
“tantamount to slavery” says the report. Not surprisingly, in these slavery-like conditions where
physical, mental and sexual abuse is rampant — the report establishes through individual case
studies from across the world — girls far outnumber boys. In fact, 71.3 per cent of children
employed between the ages of five and 17 in domestic work are girls (2008 statistics). The report
looks at the many factors that contribute to the abusive situation around domestic child labour;
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
806
the vulnerability to physical and sexual abuse, the impact on health, how they move far from
their homes and families leading to isolation and discrimination. Significantly, the ILO observes
that this sector in general suffers from “statistical invisibility,” and emphasises the need to work
toward collecting data on child labour, an imperative to policy-making. This, it notes, has
hindered action in this sector. The ILO recommends stepping up research efforts — particularly
by public institutions — to improve methodologies to capture and monitor the number of child
domestic workers and working conditions, with a focus on those at the bottom rung. The ILO
reiterates the role of governments in providing more accessible and quality education.
(The Hindu, 13.06.2013)
China, Euro Zone Threaten U.S.-Led Economic Recovery - Factory output in China, the
world's second largest economy, weakened to a nine-month low in June, combining with a
continued recession in the euro zone to threaten a global recovery led by the United States.
Faltering demand pushed the flash China HSBC Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) down to 48.3
in June from 49.2, increasing pressure on the People's Bank of China to loosen the monetary
reins. Meanwhile, Markit's Flash Eurozone Composite PMI, which is seen as a reliable
economic growth indicator for the bloc, remained below the dividing line between growth and
contraction. It did, however, rise to 48.9 in June from May's 47.7, suggesting the decay has
eased across the 17-nation bloc. China's economy grew at its slowest pace for 13 years in 2012
and data so far this year has been weaker than forecast, bringing warnings the country could
miss its 7.5 percent growth target, though possibly not by much. It stands in contrast with U.S.
data, which has been generally positive. The euro zone PMI was at its highest since March 2012,
and beat forecasts in a Reuters poll of 23 economists for a more modest upturn to 48.1. But the
index has been below the 50 mark dividing growth from contraction for all apart from one of the
last 22 months. Markit, however, said the latest PMI data suggested the economy would contract
0.2 percent in the current quarter. The European Central Bank has come under growing heat to
take more action to help bring a quicker end to the bloc's longest recession, but economists
polled by Reuters last month did not predict any easing of policy in coming months.
(The Indian Express, 20.06.2013)
Australia’s Visa Proposal is Bad News for Indian IT Companies - Battling protectionist
measures in the US, Indian IT players may now have to probably face a similar situation in
Australia where the government is planning to place curbs on visas used by highly skilled
foreign workforce. The Labour party-led government is planning to introduce a new Bill where
there will be tightening of the regulatory regime governing the employment of non-citizens
through the '457 visa scheme'. This would essentially ask Australian businesses to make every
effort to employ citizens first before hiring foreign professionals. This could have a bearing on
Indian IT firms operating in Australia. However, according to the Australian Information
Industry Association (AIIA), 457 visa arrangements are used legitimately by the information and
communications technology (ICT) sector to meet a genuine gap that exists between the domestic
supply and demand of ICT skills. Individuals, who hold 457 visas, not only fill real and
immediate needs within ICT organisations, but also make a significant and positive contribution
to the Australian economy. According to the Australian government's department of immigration
and citizenship, 457 visa allows eligible employers to address skills shortages that cannot be
filled from the local labour market. The subclass 457 visa is the most commonly used Australian
visa program to sponsor overseas skilled workers on a temporary basis. Over the last several
months, the $76-billion Indian IT-export industry has been fighting against the protectionist
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
807
stance in the US. The big concern for the Indian IT sector has always been on restricting the
number of H-1B visas with a view generally expressed in the US that it is taking away local
jobs.
(The Financial Express, 24.06.2013)
US Senate Passes Anti-India Immigration Bill - The United States senate has passed an
immigration reform Bill that makes it harder and costlier for Indian tech firms to use H-1B
workers at their US operations. But the Bill is not law yet, and it may never become one in its
present form because the House of Representatives, the other chamber of US Congress, is
considering its own set of bills. And they don’t tally with the senate version. In its present shape,
the bill is bad news for India. And not only because of its impact on firms such as Infosys,
Wipro and TCS. But also because it may trigger brain drain from India. Vice-president Joe
Biden, who is also the president of the Senate, presided at the voting, signaling the Bill’s
importance to the Obama administration. The bill has three central themes: strengthening border
security, citizenship for 11 million illegals, and legal immigration revamp to expand talent pool
and keep American jobs home. The third part, which seeks to overhaul the H-1B and L-1 visa
programmes for highly skilled foreign workers, hits Indian tech firms such as Infosys, TCS and
Wipro directly. They depend heavily on foreign workers, mostly from India. But they will find it
increasingly difficult and costlier. And from 2016, they will have to maintain a 50-50 balance.
The bill also seeks to fast-track permanent residency -- Green Card -- for foreign students in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math courses to keep them in the US. This will, one,
encourage Indian students, who are the second largest component of foreign students in the US,
to come to the US and stay, depriving India of their skills. And, two, discourage those in the US
from thinking of returning home, a trend that had begun picking up recently specially for those
stuck in the immigrations system.
(Hindustan Times, 28.06.2013)
An ounce of practice is worth more than tons of preaching.
-Mahatma Gandhi
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
808
LABOUR DECISIONS
Termination on account of medical unfitness - In this case, the appellant, Sohan Lal,
employed as a regular driver in the Haryana Roadways was removed/terminated from service on
ground of medical unfitness as he sustained certain injuries as a result of a road accident. The
appellant raised an industrial dispute on the issue of his termination/retirement under Section 10
(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The claim of the workman was rejected by the learned
Labour Court as it was observed that the respondent had made an attempt to find an alternative
job to the workman and was also paid all retiral benefits as well as additional compensation in
accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court in Anand Bihari & Ors. Vs. Rajasthan State
Road Transport Corporation, Jaipur & Anr. [AIR 1991 Supreme Court 1003]. Aggrieved by the
said award, the appellant filed a writ petition before the High Court. The same having been
dismissed by the High Court, the present appeal has been filed. Following the judgment of the
Supreme Court in Anand Bihari (supra), a ‘scheme’ engrafting the essential parameters
prescribed by the Court had been brought into force in the State of Haryana by a Memorandum,
which creates an obligation on the employer (Haryana Roadways) to find suitable alternative
employment for an employee proposed to be discharged on the ground of medical disability if
such disability is attributable to the service rendered. If such alternative employment cannot be
provided, additional compensation at the rate prescribed by the Court is required to be paid to
the concerned employee. In the present case, the order by which the service of the appellant has
been dispensed with clearly shows that no alternative employment was available under the
General Manager of Haryana Roadways commensurate with the qualifications and skills of the
appellant and accordingly additional compensation was paid to the appellant. The materials on
record further showed that the superannuation of the appellant, if he had continued in service,
was due on 30.09.2004. The applicability of the provisions of Section 47 of the Persons with
Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 to the
case of the appellant was also rejected in view of the percentage of disability reported as 10%
was far below the percentage prescribed/defined (not less than 40%) under Section 2(t) of the
Act. Taking into account the totality of the facts of the present case, the Supreme Court was of
the view that the award of the learned Labour Court dated 27.02.2004 affirmed by the High
Court by its order dated 22.08.2005 will not require any interference. Accordingly, the appeal
was dismissed.
( Sohan Lal v. State of Haryana & Ors.; Current Labour Reports, June, 2013, pp.321-324 )
A nation' s strength ultimately consists in what it can do on its
own, and not in what it can borrow from others.
-Indira Gandhi
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
809
LABOUR LITERATURE
IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF LABOUR INTEREST PUBLISHED IN THE PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS RECEIVED IN THE LABOUR BUREAU
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Hedva SARFATI Coping with the Unemployment Crisis in Europe; International Labour Review, Vol.152, March, 2013; pp. 145-156.
Saritha Rai From Unemployment to Innovation; The Indian Express, dated 24
th June, 2013; p. 11.
- The Workforce in the Cloud; The Financial Express, dated 3
rd June, 2013; p. 4.
Anumeha Chaturvedi &
Rahul Sachitanand
A Million Engineers, But Where are the Jobs? The Economic Times, dated 18
th June, 2013;
p. 14. LEAVE AND HOURS OF WORK
Richard N. BLOCK, Joo-Young PARK and Young-Hee KANG
Statutory Leave Entitlements Across Developed Countries: Why US Workers Lose Out on Work-Family Balance; International Labour Review, Vol.152, March, 2013; pp. 125-143.
LABOUR LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Akira Kawaguchi Equal Employment Opportunity Act and Work-Life Balance: Do Work-Family Balance Policies Contribute to Achieving Gender Equality? Japan Labor Review, Vol. 10, No.2, Spring 2013; pp. 35-56.
Akira Wakisaka Changes in Human Resource Management of Women after the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Act; ibid. pp. 57-81.
Nicole BUSBY A Right to Care? Unpaid Care Work in European Employment Law; International Labour Review, Vol.152, March, 2013; pp.157-160.
Manish Sabharwal The Youth Unemployment Bill; The Indian Express, dated 26
th June, 2013; p.11.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Naroo Lee Nanotechnology and Occupational Health in Korea; Asian-Pacific Newsletter,Vol.19, No.3, December, 2012; pp. 60-61.
Howard Morris Safe Work Australia’s Work on Nanotechnology Work Health and Safety; ibid. pp. 62-65.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
810
Vladimir Murashov WHO Guidelines on Nanomaterials and Workers’ Health; ibid. pp. 66-67.
WAGES
Jakob De Haan, Erik Dietzenbacher,
Van Ha Le
High Wages may Reduce Corruption; The Financial Express, dated 18
th June, 2013; p. 7.
UNORGANISED LABOUR
Jerome Joseph & Srinath Jagannathan Three Representations of Insecurity in Three Narratives of Unorganized Workers; The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol.48, No.3, January, 2013; pp. 450-459.
SOCIAL SECURITY
R.K.A.Subrahmanya Social Protection of the Workers in the Unorganised Sector; The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol.48, No.3, January, 2013; pp.460-470.
MISCELLANEOUS
Premilla D’ Cruz & Ernesto Noronha Hope to Despair: The Experience of Organizing Indian Call Centre Employees; The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol.48, No.3, January, 2013; pp.471-486.
Chetan Tamboli From Labour-Intensive to Capital-Heavy; The Financial Express, dated 7
th June, 2013; p. 11.
Aravind Sitaraman Tech can Improve Literacy Skills in Rural India; The Financial Express, dated 17
th June,
2013; p. 9. Arvind Panagariya Market’s Labour Pain; The Economic Times
dated 24th
June, 2013; p.10. Rajesh Shukla The Changing Face of Rural India; The
Financial Express, dated 30th
June, 2013; p. 7.
Don't compromise yourself. You are all you've got.
-Janis Joplin
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
811
STATISTICS
Section A
MONTHLY STATISTICS
Pages
Notes 813
1. Prices and Price Indices
1.1. Industrial Workers’ Consumer Price Index
Table A.1.1.1. Labour Bureau’s Series of All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers
for Industrial Workers (Base : 2001=100)
815
Table A.1.1.2. Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Industrial Workers in respect of 78 constituent centres (Base:
2001=100)
816
Table A.1.1.3. Average Monthly Consumer Prices of Selected Articles for
Industrial Workers
824
1.2. Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural
Labourers
Table A.1.2.1-
(a) and (b)
Labour Bureau’s Series of All-India Average Consumer Price Index
Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers (Base : 1986-
87=100) Group- wise and General
834
Table A.1.2.2-
(a) and (b)
Average Monthly Consumer Prices of Selected Articles for
Agricultural and Rural Labourers (Base : 1986-87 =100)
838
2. Wages and Earnings
Table A 2.1.-
(a) and (b)
Average Daily Wage Rates for Agricultural & Non-Agricultural
Occupations in Rural India
845
3. Industrial Disputes
Table A 3.1.- Sector/Sphere-wise Number of Disputes, Workers Involved and
Mandays Lost due to Industrial Disputes
853
Table A 3.2.- State-wise Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts) 854
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
812
Section B
SERIAL STATISTICS
Pages
Notes 855
1. Prices and Price Indices
1.1. Industrial Workers Consumer Price Index
Table B.1.1.1 All India Average Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial
Workers (Base 2001=100)
857
Table B.1.1.2 Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Industrials Workers (Base : 2001=100)
858
1.2. Agricultural Labourers Consumer Price Index
Table B. 1.2.1
(a) and (b)
All-India Average Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Agricultural Labourers (General & Food) (Base 1986-87=100)
869
Table B.1.2.2
(a) and (b)
Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Agricultural Labourers (General Index on Base : 1986-87=100)
871
1.3. Urban Non-Manual Employees’ Consumer Price Index
Table B. 1.3. All India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Urban Non-Manual
Employees/Consumer Price Index for Urban and rural Areas
877
1.4. Wholesale Price Index
Table B.1.4. All-India Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices- New Series 878
2. Wages And Earnings
Table B.2.1. Earnings (Basic Wage and Dearness Allowances) of the Lowest-
Paid Workers/Operatives in Cotton Textile Mills
881
3. Industrial Disputes
Table B. 3.1. Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts) 883
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
813
SECTION A
MONTHLY STATISTICS
N o t e s
1. Prices and Price Indices
1. 1. Industrial Workers Consumer Price Index
1. 1. Industrial Workers Consumer Price Index A.1.1.1. Labour Bureau’s Series of All India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers (Base: 2001=100) – The All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on Base : 2001=100 General and Group-wise along with Linking Factors with previous base: 1982=100 are presented in Table A.1.1.1. The All India Index is a weighted average of 78 constituent centre Indices compiled by the Labour Bureau. The current series of the Index Numbers has been introduced with effect from January, 2006 index replacing the series on base: 1982=100. The All India General Index as well as Group Indices for previous series on base:1982=100 can be obtained by multiplying the current series indices by the respective Linking Factors. A note on the scope and methods of construction of these index numbers was published in April 2006 issue of the “Indian Labour Journal”. The All India Consumer Price Index Number for the month of May, 2013 increased by 2 point and stood at 228. A.1.1.2. Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers in respect of 78 constituent centres on Base: 2001=100 – The Consumer Price Index Numbers for industrial workers on Base: 2001=100 for 78 centres compiled by the Labour Bureau are presented group wise in Table A.1.1.2 for the months of April, 2013 and May, 2013.
The Index Numbers measure the extent to which the overall levels of retail prices of goods and services consumed by Industrial Workers has changed when compared with the base period viz., 2001=100. As compared to the previous month the magnitude of rise/fall in the General Index varies from centre to centre. During May, 2013, the index recorded an increase of 8 points in Nagpur and Chennai centres followed by Nasik (7 points) and Warrangal, Coonoor, Hubli-Dharwar, Madurai and Tripura (6 Points each). Among others, 2 centres have recorded rise of 5 points followed by 4 points in 14 centres, 3 points in 6 centres and 2 points in 12 centres and 1 point in 12 centres. Delhi centre reported a decline of 6, 5 points in Ghaziabad, 4 points in Srinagar, and 3 points in 2 centres and 2 points in 2centres and 1 point in 7 centres. The remaining 10 centres’ indices remained stationary.
A 1.1.3. Average Monthly Consumer Prices of Selected Articles for Industrial Workers – The average monthly consumer prices of selected articles based on individual quotations obtained from the selected outlets which are utilised in the compilation of Consumer Price Index Numbers (Base: 2001=100) for Industrial Workers for 78 centres for the month of May, 2013 are set out in Table A.1.1.3. The prices reported in the table are averages of open markets prices of specified varieties of an item prevailing in the selected outlets in the selected market(s) in a given centre during the month in case of non-rationed items. So far as rationed items are concerned, the prices for the centres covered under informal rationing are the weighted average prices, the weights being the proportion of the quantity available through Public Distribution System and quantity procured from the open market in different centres in relation to base year requirements of an average family. In case of centres covered under Statutory Rationing the prices are average of the fair prices of variety (ies) of an item distributed through Fair Price Shops 1.2 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers: A.1.2.1 (a) and (b) Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers on Base: 1986-87=100 - All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers on Base: 1986-87=100 replacing the earlier series on base 1960-61=100 were released with effect from November, 1995. The all-India index is a weighted average of 20 constituent State indices compiled by the Labour Bureau for Agricultural and
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
814
Rural Labourers separately. A detailed note on the scope and method of construction of these indices was published in February, 1996 issue of the Indian Labour Journal. The Consumer Price Index Numbers (Base: 1986-87=100) for Agricultural and Rural Labourers for 20 States and All-India are presented group-wise in Tables A.1.2.1 (a) and (b) for the months of April, 2013 and May, 2013. These index numbers measure the extent of change in the retail prices of goods and services consumed by Agricultural and Rural Labourers as compared with the base period viz., 1986-87. The All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers on base 1986-87=100 for May, 2013 increased by 8 points and 9 points respectively to stand at 719 (Seven hundred and nineteen ) points for Agricultural Labourers and 720 (Seven hundred and twenty) points for Rural Labourers.
A.1.2.2 (a) and (b) Monthly Consumer Prices of Selected Articles for Agricultural and
Rural Labourers – The monthly consumer prices of selected articles of index basket of agricultural and rural labourers utilised in the compilation of Consumer Price Index Numbers (Base: 1986-87=100) for 20 States separately for Agricultural and Rural Labourers for the month of May, 2013 are given in Tables A.1.2.2. (a) and (b). Though the spatial coverage and the individual sample village price quotations in both the series relating to the Agricultural and Rural Labourers are the same, the weighted prices of items at the State level will be slightly different from each other due to difference in the regional weights in each of the series. 2 Wages and Earnings A.2.1 (a) and (b) Average Daily Wage Rates for Agricultural and Non-agricultural Occupations - As a part of Rural Labour Enquiry, daily wage rates in respect of eighteen agricultural and non-agricultural occupations from a fixed set of 600 sample villages spread over 66 N.S.S. regions in 20 States are being collected alongwith rural retail price data in Schedule 3.01 (R) by the Field Operations Division of the National Sample Survey Organisation since 1986-87. On the recommendations of the Governing Council of the National Sample Survey Organisation in its 61
st
meeting, Labour Bureau started the compilation and analysis of Wage Rate Data w.e.f. April, 1998. State-wise and all-India average daily wage rates by occupation and sex for the month of May,2013 have been presented in Table A.2.1 (a) for agricultural occupations and Table A.2.1 (b) for non- agricultural occupations. The average wage rates at all-India level are derived by dividing the sum total of wages of all the 20 States by the number of quotations. State-wise averages have been restricted only to those occupations where the number of quotations are five or more in order to avoid inconsistency in wages paid to different categories of workers on account of difference in number of quotations. However, for working out all-India averages all the quotations have been taken into account to arrive at total number of quotations at all-India level. At all-India level also, the number of quotations for working out occupation-wise averages have been restricted to five or more. 3 Industrial Dispute A.3.1 Sector / Sphere-wise Number of Disputes, Workers Involved and Mandays Lost due to Industrial Disputes during January to May, 2013 – These statistics are received in the Bureau from the State Labour Departments and Regional Labour Commissioners (Central) in the prescribed format in the shape of monthly voluntary returns covering State and Central Spheres separately. Information on Strikes and Lockouts is collected by the concerned authorities and sent to the Bureau every month. Consolidated information for the year 2013 (As on 28-06-2013) is presented in Table A.3.1. A.3.2. Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts) during January to April, 2013- State-wise scenario of Industrial Disputes during January to May, 2013 is presented in Table A.3.2.
NOTES – 1. Labour Bureau takes every care to ensure correctness of the information presented in Sections A and B of the Journal. However, any error, if noticed, may kindly be brought to the notice of the Labour Bureau.
2. The indices given in Sections A and B measure the relative change in Consumer Prices over time at each Centre and as such these cannot be used for comparison of costliness among the different Centres.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
815
1. PRICES AND PRICE INDICES
1.1. Industrial Workers Consumer Price Index
Table A.1.1.1. Labour Bureau’s Series of All India Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Industrial Workers on base 2001=100 (Group-wise and General)
Index Linking Factor April, 2013 May, 2013
General 4.63 226 228
I-A Food 4.58 245 248
I-B Pan, Supari, Tobacco and
Intoxicants
6.16 240 242
II Fuel and Light 4.77 222 223
III Housing 6.18 246 246
IV Clothing, Bedding and
Footwear
3.22 177 178
V Miscellaneous 4.55 191 190
Linking Factor: The All-India General Index as well as Group Indices for previous series on
base: 1982=100 can be obtained by multiplying the current series indices by
the respective Linking Factors.
Only those who dare to fail greatly can achieve greatly.
-Robert F. Kenned
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
816
Table A.1.1.2 – Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial
Sl.
No
State/Union
Territory/ Centre
Linking factor for
General Index with
previous base
1982=100
General Index Food Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ANDHRA PRADESH
1 Godavarikhani N 233 235 250 252
2 Guntur 4.57 223 227 245 252
3 Hyderabad 4.79 202 206 241 251
4 Vijayawada N 230 234 266 273
5 Visakhapatnam 4.64 227 231 252 262
6 Warrangal 4.75 239 245 271 282
ASSAM
7 Doom-Dooma
Tinsukia
4.04 189 189 190 191
8 Guwahati 4.80 191 193 197 201
9 Labac-Silchar 3.65 204 208 208 215
10 Mariani-Jorhat 4.01 191 192 191 192
11 Rangapara-Tezpur 4.17 180 180 194 194
BIHAR
12 Monghyr-Jamalpur 4.30 230 232 231 235
CHANDIGARH
13 Chandigarh 5.26 226 226 245 246
CHHATTISGARH
14 Bhilai 4.20 257 261 250 256
DELHI
15 Delhi 5.60 206 200 222 214
GOA
16 Goa 5.59 247 251 289 298
GUJARAT
17 Ahmedabad 4.62 226 227 254 258
18 Bhavnagar 4.76 219 218 230 228
19 Rajkot 4.38 230 230 253 253
20 Surat 4.54 211 212 248 250
21 Vadodra 4.39 210 215 233 241
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
817
Workers (Group-wise & General 2001=100)
Pan. Supari,
Tobacco and
Intoxicants Index
Fuel & Light
Index
Housing Index Clothing, Bedding
& Footwear Index
Misc. Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
188 191 169 169 335 335 191 194 181 180
296 296 243 243 180 180 180 180 177 177
246 246 146 147 182 182 147 147 176 176
294 290 157 157 199 199 209 220 189 190
228 228 151 151 311 311 209 213 179 177
222 225 155 158 257 257 170 170 206 207
228 206 165 164 183 183 175 175 192 192
212 212 190 191 185 185 188 188 183 184
258 249 186 182 174 174 183 183 201 201
235 232 247 247 124 124 162 162 213 213
166 166 154 154 101 101 235 235 196 197
266 266 255 254 282 282 186 186 214 212
238 245 202 202 283 283 197 199 154 154
250 253 196 196 504 504 156 156 190 190
220 220 218 220 187 187 192 192 190 180
186 186 193 193 242 242 209 209 206 205
362 362 156 156 202 202 171 171 213 213
183 183 153 153 247 247 188 188 193 192
254 254 156 156 244 244 158 158 195 194
298 310 145 146 187 187 153 153 188 187
272 291 163 164 218 218 129 134 193 195
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
818
Table A.1.1.2. Contd.
Sl.
No
State/Union Territory /
Centre
Linking factor for
General Index with
previous base
1982=100
General Index Food Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
HARYANA
22 Faridabad 4.79 219 219 238 246
23 Yamunanagar 4.34 230 227 251 251
HIMACHAL PRADESH
24 Himachal Pradesh 4.53 201 205 216 221
JAMMU & KASHMIR
25 Srinagar 5.62 199 195 203 199
JHARKHAND
26 Bokaro N 220 219 218 217
27 Giridih N 272 272 271 262
28 Jamshedpur 4.23 243 246 220 228
29 Jharia 3.72 253 253 243 244
30 Kodarma 3.89 249 253 229 236
31 Ranchi-Hatia 4.20 257 258 231 235
KARNATAKA
32 Bangalore 4.51 236 237 271 274
33 Belgaum 5.02 239 241 277 280
34 Hubli-Dharwar 4.71 239 245 262 274
35 Mercara 4.47 236 239 258 263
36 Mysore N 239 243 277 284
KERALA
37 Ernakulam 4.52 221 222 255 259
38 Mundakayam 4.37 246 251 270 279
39 Quilon 4.61 230 231 246 247
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
819
Pan, Supari,
Tobacco and
Intoxicants Index
Fuel & Light
Index
Housing Index Clothing, Bedding
& Footwear Index
Misc. Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
214 220 174 188 223 223 168 168 211 185
277 277 183 191 239 239 188 188 208 190
241 243 203 217 183 183 199 211 179 180
318 318 235 235 165 165 238 238 188 177
169 169 356 356 316 316 198 198 168 166
156 163 619 672 289 289 224 235 184 189
230 230 253 252 429 429 175 175 175 173
264 264 379 379 379 379 223 223 209 207
225 225 441 446 247 247 200 200 190 190
226 226 244 243 471 471 193 193 205 205
215 230 172 168 212 212 145 144 234 230
221 224 186 186 219 219 163 163 199 199
214 221 185 186 263 263 149 150 214 212
187 187 340 342 101 101 179 179 234 234
266 266 188 188 239 239 165 164 193 193
223 224 170 164 193 193 181 181 210 211
246 247 399 397 113 113 195 195 207 207
267 266 229 229 221 221 170 170 204 203
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
820
Table A.1.1.2. Contd.
Sl.
No
State/Union Territory/
Centre Linking factor for
General Index
with previous
base 1982=100
General Index Food Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MADHYA PRADESH
40 Bhopal 4.83 231 233 242 246
41 Chhindwara 4.03 234 237 251 254
42 Indore 4.73 218 220 251 254
43 Jabalpur 4.53 225 228 248 254
MAHARASHTRA
44 Mumbai 5.18 229 231 245 248
45 Nagpur 4.68 256 264 259 277
46 Nasik 4.94 235 242 243 257
47 Pune 4.96 230 232 261 266
48 Solapur 4.73 233 234 243 246
ORISSA
49 Angul-Talcher N 233 235 229 233
50 Rourkela 4.03 237 241 249 255
PUDUCHERRY
51 Pondicherry 4.88 234 237 289 297
PUNJAB
52 Amritsar 4.09 238 236 256 254
53 Jalandhar N 222 219 247 241
54 Ludhiana 4.12 217 216 247 247
RAJASTHAN
55 Ajmer 4.78 230 229 264 260
56 Bhilwara 4.62 231 230 263 261
57 Jaipur 4.25 225 224 243 241
TAMIL NADU
58 Chennai 4.95 210 218 240 257
59 Coimbatore 4.49 213 216 245 252
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
821
Pan, Supari,
Tobacco and
Intoxicants Index
Fuel & Light
Index
Housing Index Clothing, Bedding
& Footwear Index
Misc. Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
273 274 217 218 283 283 155 155 193 194
247 254 348 343 210 210 134 156 195 196
266 266 228 228 176 176 151 151 199 202
289 290 224 224 286 286 124 124 189 189
242 244 265 260 212 212 186 186 207 207
273 281 220 216 367 367 179 179 194 194
225 237 212 208 315 315 171 174 183 184
242 249 210 205 206 206 204 210 211 211
260 260 221 218 263 263 191 191 200 200
265 265 254 254 341 341 185 185 183 182
197 197 202 202 347 347 194 194 173 172
244 244 209 208 153 153 168 168 204 203
246 246 213 214 290 290 184 184 181 180
221 221 234 234 220 220 180 180 191 190
238 241 199 199 179 179 209 209 192 192
295 295 231 232 250 250 182 183 182 181
267 267 272 273 187 187 160 160 182 182
238 238 207 207 220 220 180 180 208 207
285 285 181 181 181 181 165 165 190 191
242 245 183 183 179 179 164 166 197 197
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
822
Table A.1.1.2. Concld.
Sl.
No
State/Union Territory
Centre
Linking factor for
General Index
with previous
base 1982=100
General Index Food Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
60 Coonoor 4.58 220 226 237 250
61 Madurai 4.51 212 218 249 261
62 Salem 4.45 213 217 237 245
63 Tiruchirapally 5.01 229 230 262 265
TRIPURA
64 Tripura 4.17 184 190 186 194
UTTAR PRADESH
65 Agra 4.36 233 235 236 240
66 Ghaziabad 4.78 228 223 253 237
67 Kanpur 4.50 228 230 240 245
68 Lucknow N 220 219 248 241
69 Varanasi 4.96 223 221 247 241
WEST BENGAL
70 Asansol 4.37 247 248 238 239
71 Darjeeling 3.80 211 211 229 229
72 Durgapur 5.13 255 256 228 231
73 Haldia 5.64 226 228 223 228
74 Howrah 5.42 212 213 237 239
75 Jalpaiguri 3.96 212 212 224 224
76 Kolkata 5.12 214 218 237 243
77 Raniganj 4.02 207 211 231 236
78 Siliguri N 208 208 235 235
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
823
Pan, Supari,
Tobacco and
Intoxicants Index
Fuel & Light
Index
Housing Index Clothing, Bedding
& Footwear Index
Misc. Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
240 245 201 201 290 290 154 156 181 181
265 292 174 173 147 147 169 177 194 193
304 304 178 178 148 148 158 158 195 195
264 265 179 179 254 254 152 152 180 179
270 286 243 243 121 121 156 156 185 185
252 260 221 215 357 357 176 178 173 176
232 232 198 200 258 258 200 200 185 185
240 243 205 208 334 334 188 188 169 169
228 246 197 204 296 296 177 183 154 157
217 217 226 229 283 283 159 159 170 169
227 227 384 384 377 377 192 192 182 181
172 172 277 277 107 107 185 185 177 177
233 235 236 236 599 599 192 192 184 184
269 271 195 216 291 291 154 154 155 156
278 278 250 251 198 198 176 176 153 153
228 228 279 279 104 104 173 173 183 183
267 267 227 233 188 188 201 201 172 173
164 169 238 247 189 189 172 172 155 158
152 152 253 253 103 103 156 156 170 170
N- New Centre in the New Series on base: 2001=100.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
824
Table A.1.1.3-Average Monthly Consumer Prices of Selected Articles for Industrial Workers,
May, 2013
Sl.
No
Article Unit Godavri
khani
Guntur Hydera
bad
Vijayawada Vishakha
patnam
Warran
gal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Rice Kg. 23.98 36.53 28.58 37.56 34.99 27.42
2 Wheat:
a. Wheat Whole Kg. 25.50 - 28.61 - 26.99 29.18
b. Wheat Atta Kg. 26.25 36.00 23.50 30.00 40.50 39.30
3 Jowar Kg. - - 29.58 - - -
4 Arhar Dal Kg. 75.75 69.00 71.67 71.00 82.00 74.70
5 Moong Dal Kg. 84.30 - 85.43 75.75 88.85 82.85
6 Masur Dal Kg. 57.80 - 59.93 - - 56.70
7 Groundnut oil Litre 120.50 123.01 115.22 104.93 126.47 104.08
8 Mustard Oil Litre - - - - - -
9 Vanaspati Litre - - - - 68.00 -
10 Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 320.00 396.00 390.00 440.00 440.00 410.00
11 Fish Fresh Kg. 162.00 130.00 93.20 110.00 95.00 -
12 Milk Litre 30.00 40.00 49.98 40.00 39.00 40.00
13 Dairy Milk Litre - 34.00 32.66 34.00 34.00 -
14 Pure Ghee Litre - 320.00 369.30 273.00 191.10 -
15 Onion Kg. 17.60 16.10 15.93 16.50 15.85 16.60
16 Chillies Dry 100 gms. 9.00 7.60 7.83 15.00 10.13 8.60
17 Sugar Kg. 37.89 36.46 35.00 37.36 40.71 36.35
18 Gur Kg. - - 47.83 43.50 44.80 -
19 Tea Leaf 100gms 29.00 41.00 32.27 42.50 42.25 41.75
20 Fire Wood 40 Kg. 200.00 280.00 216.00 400.00 240.00 200.00
21 Soft Coke 40 Kg. - - - - - -
22 Kerosene Oil Litre 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
23 Toilet Soap 75gms. 15.19 15.75 15.50 12.30 15.75 12.45
24 Washing Soap 225 gms.. 9.56 11.70 12.90 13.95 14.06 13.50
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
825
Doom
Dooma
Tinsukia
Guwa
hati
Labac
Silchar
Mariani
Jorhat
Rangapara
Tezpur
Monghyr
Jamalpur Chandigarh
Bhilai
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
13.92 22.33 12.38 13.28 12.83 25.07 29.33 20.84
- - - - - 15.35 - 21.44
5.05 27.58 4.61 4.90 4.47 18.40 22.00 22.00
- - - - - - - #
66.67 80.00 66.20 71.75 - 79.20 75.00 70.00
88.33 89.00 80.30 84.00 82.00 87.20 80.00 80.00
65.00 58.00 77.70 71.00 72.00 57.40 67.83 56.00
- - - - - - - 152.06
100.00 110.00 117.00 108.75 120.00 92.82 95.00 78.44
90.67 100.00 - 98.50 - 75.00 66.67 67.00
273.33 300.00 350.00 280.00 290.00 320.00 320.00 300.00
140.00 165.00 162.50 260.00 177.50 124.00 110.00 100.00
33.33 40.00 41.50 36.00 35.00 35.00 32.00 36.00
- - - - - - 33.00 #
- - - - - 325.00 305.00 310.00
20.83 20.00 25.00 20.00 20.00 13.60 26.67 16.00
10.67 16.25 14.80 12.00 12.00 25.00 26.33 12.00
19.50 23.40 14.00 22.75 15.50 36.80 37.33 31.74
60.00 - 62.50 - 50.00 40.00 44.00 40.00
16.00 22.00 22.00 21.00 30.00 33.20 32.80 33.60
113.34 160.00 150.00 150.00 120.00 320.00 - 240.00
- - - - - 460.00 - #
16.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 16.00 16.47 14.75 14.95
12.60 11.54 12.60 12.60 12.60 15.75 16.50 15.00
25.20 24.37 15.00 13.23 13.23 13.23 8.33 10.47
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
826
Table A.1.1.3 Contd.
Sl.
No
Article Unit Delhi Goa Ahmedabad Bhav-
nagar
Rajkot Surat
1 2 3 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 Rice Kg. 14.38 23.39 30.27 31.04 29.70 32.73
2 Wheat:
a. Wheat Whole Kg. 7.71 21.52 21.94 20.10 20.56 22.76
b. Wheat Atta Kg. 13.99 24.95 24.83 25.33 25.00 25.40
3 Jowar Kg. - 35.42 # # # 32.84
4 Arhar Dal Kg. 73.36 77.42 71.58 72.80 75.00 71.88
5 Moong Dal Kg. 85.53 87.50 77.32 78.53 75.00 78.60
6 Masur Dal Kg. 60.76 61.53 60.80 56.67 # 60.00
7 Groundnut oil Litre 142.50 170.00 118.71 134.07 150.00 131.95
8 Mustard Oil Litre 110.00 147.42 98.92 # 109.20 109.20
9 Vanaspati Litre 68.43 85.03 64.61 74.00 71.76 70.32
10 Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 329.19 367.67 300.00 200.00 340.00 315.00
11 Fish Fresh Kg. 124.38 207.22 # 100.00 160.00 150.00
12 Milk Litre 35.43 39.00 38.40 35.00 36.00 42.00
13 Dairy Milk Litre 32.00 38.00 38.00 42.00 34.00 38.00
14 Pure Ghee Litre 298.09 315.00 310.00 320.01 289.60 315.00
15 Onion Kg. 19.66 20.47 20.35 20.00 19.17 15.48
16 Chillies Dry 100 gms. 29.50 22.17 21.60 21.33 18.00 20.16
17 Sugar Kg. 35.20 34.52 35.96 34.56 36.38 35.33
18 Gur Kg. 38.50 44.28 48.70 36.33 45.00 44.24
19 Tea Leaf 100gms 32.25 25.33 31.20 30.40 30.00 32.00
20 Fire Wood 40 Kg. 531.25 386.68 282.50 160.00 200.00 246.66
21 Soft Coke 40 Kg. - # # # # #
22 Kerosene Oil Litre 14.96 15.63 14.00 14.45 14.21 14.05
23 Toilet Soap 75gms. 13.13 15.75 15.00 15.75 15.00 15.00
24 Washing Soap 225 gms. 13.00 25.20 10.47 22.81 9.75 22.50
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
827
Vadodara Himachal
Pradesh
Faridabad Yamuna
nagar
Srinagar Bokaro Giridih Jamshedpur
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
29.71 18.87 30.00 32.50 16.50 23.76 24.15 22.12
21.27 15.55 17.92 17.81 - 18.00 25.00 18.85
26.00 13.91 18.98 19.84 19.24 20.25 22.00 21.85
20.00 - - - - - - -
62.67 75.41 76.90 70.00 - 65.00 70.00 71.70
78.67 77.51 79.10 83.40 78.73 78.00 76.25 82.25
52.00 58.84 60.60 60.00 66.60 46.00 58.00 52.00
117.39 150.80 - - - - - 152.00
# 112.79 80.08 82.26 111.07 110.00 102.00 92.10
80.00 67.86 65.00 60.20 78.07 85.00 78.00 76.80
340.00 262.43 288.00 270.50 325.33 340.00 350.00 332.50
140.00 172.00 119.25 98.00 157.33 120.00 140.00 115.50
38.00 30.44 43.20 35.00 27.00 30.00 32.00 35.00
36.00 35.00 29.00 34.00 - 30.00 - 32.00
315.00 298.21 289.60 300.00 274.51 310.00 316.75 330.00
20.00 17.60 20.80 19.50 23.00 13.75 18.00 17.20
21.00 25.64 20.00 20.00 27.00 16.00 22.00 24.00
34.57 21.98 32.25 33.52 13.50 36.25 39.00 36.80
48.00 36.71 37.80 34.00 - 40.00 38.00 38.65
31.20 34.32 32.50 32.00 35.20 37.60 39.20 33.00
320.00 225.00 360.00 320.00 162.33 480.00 257.50 200.00
# - - - 356.00 350.00 247.50 440.00
14.32 14.46 14.00 13.90 17.00 15.14 14.49 14.06
15.00 15.75 14.32 16.50 15.00 15.75 15.75 15.75
19.80 11.51 10.35 10.80 9.00 14.07 22.50 13.23
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
828
Table A.1.1.3 Contd.
Sl.
No
Article Unit Jharia Kodar-
ma
Ranchi
Hatia
Bangalore Belgaum Hubli
Dharwar
Mercara
1 2 3 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
1 Rice Kg. 23.94 16.68 21.28 40.31 37.15 37.84 27.24
2 Wheat:
a. Wheat Whole Kg. 18.65 16.00 23.28 26.69 24.28 26.27 21.81
b. Wheat Atta Kg. 20.80 20.00 21.42 25.37 0.00 0.00 35.75
3 Jowar Kg. 0.00 - - - 26.50 24.88 -
4 Arhar Dal Kg. 70.95 67.00 72.40 71.06 71.63 75.00 76.75
5 Moong Dal Kg. 79.70 80.00 80.67 80.76 70.50 72.38 81.40
6 Masur Dal Kg. 50.75 48.00 53.33 .- 55.25 58.00 -
7 Groundnut oil Litre - - - 84.69 97.29 92.08 113.75
8 Mustard Oil Litre 86.54 86.45 94.67 - - - -
9 Vanaspati Litre 74.45 75.00 74.37 74.29 78.75 65.03 93.88
10 Goat Meat/ Mutton Kg. 344.00 286.25 300.00 376.88 340.00 345.00 345.00
11 Fish Fresh Kg. 126.00 120.00 143.33 132.83 157.50 100.00 161.88
12 Milk Litre 34.00 34.00 31.07 27.27 42.00 45.00 27.00
13 Dairy Milk Litre - - 29.00 24.00 28.00 29.00 -
14 Pure Ghee Litre 328.19 325.00 310.00 294.00 304.00 304.00 -
15 Onion Kg. 15.90 15.75 15.20 17.54 16.15 15.75 22.44
16 Chillies Dry 100 gms. 27.00 16.00 25.00 11.60 15.00 18.50 8.00
17 Sugar Kg. 36.65 36.00 37.33 37.03 32.43 33.89 39.47
18 Gur Kg. 39.40 29.00 37.43 51.25 38.25 41.38 40.00
19 Tea Leaf 100gms 32.80 31.36 40.00 30.75 30.00 22.50 25.00
20 Fire Wood 40 Kg. 220.00 260.00 280.00 203.52 232.00 250.00 160.00
21 Soft Coke 40 Kg. 220.00 390.00 320.00 - - - -
22 Kerosene Oil Litre 14.25 14.98 13.96 16.10 16.00 15.70 16.78
23 Toilet Soap 75gm 15.75 12.60 16.50 15.75 15.75 15.75 17.50
24 Washing Soap 225 gms. 22.50 22.50 8.04 13.50 13.73 7.51 13.50
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
829
Mysore Erna-
kulam
Munda-
kayam
Quilon Bhopal Chhind-
wara
Indore Jabalpur Mumbai
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
41.37 27.65 34.18 27.60 32.75 24.00 24.19 21.74 33.09
28.59 13.45 20.46 6.36 16.88 17.52 24.82 20.56 25.12
29.50 36.00 31.11 25.00 19.00 20.00 20.25 20.00 #
- - - - # # # # 33.37
75.25 77.40 67.38 70.50 80.00 66.00 72.00 64.20 79.39
80.38 76.50 82.21 73.10 84.00 71.00 81.88 81.60 85.16
60.75 - 61.13 54.00 50.00 60.00 52.60 61.78
135.00 116.00 160.00 168.50 145.00 152.00 140.19
- - - - 110.00 100.00 90.00 101.50 99.87
65.00 - - 65.00 85.00 63.44 70.00 100.03
340.00 400.00 400.00 440.00 320.00 280.00 340.00 284.00 352.75
60.00 144.00 136.17 104.00 200.00 100.00 150.00 126.00 533.00
30.00 35.50 34.33 36.00 45.00 30.00 34.00 44.00 50.84
27.00 35.00 35.00 38.00 32.00 36.00 34.00 29.00
304.00 345.00 320.00 307.70 320.00 322.18 315.00
42.50 60.80 64.03 60.40 19.33 17.50 12.13 16.18 19.11
10.00 8.68 10.42 11.00 15.00 14.50 15.00 15.00 20.29
35.05 34.10 34.57 34.75 33.67 34.50 32.34 36.60 38.68
51.00 47.90 50.00 54.30 40.00 31.80 40.00 32.80 56.23
30.00 27.00 21.67 25.00 35.20 35.20 35.20 32.59 36.36
220.00 96.00 216.00 160.00 291.00 240.00 240.00 182.00 #
- - - - # # # # #
15.80 16.00 16.83 15.50 15.51 16.46 15.19 14.86 14.14
15.75 17.25 12.60 16.50 16.50 15.75 15.00 15.75 17.50
16.20 14.40 16.90 14.06 24.30 9.00 23.40 25.20 24.37
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
830
Table A.1.1.3 Contd.
Sl.
No
Article Unit Nagpur Nasik Pune Sholapur Angul-
Talcher
Rourkela Puducherry
1 2 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
1 Rice Kg. 32.14 26.47 37.50 27.28 21.72 26.92 40.82
2 Wheat:
a. Wheat
Whole
Kg. 22.52 18.12 23.36 14.76 7.51 - 6.81
b. Wheat Atta Kg. 24.00 24.00 # 25.50 18.49 19.03 39.50
3 Jowar Kg. # 27.80 34.15 25.50 - - -
4 Arhar Dal Kg. 72.36 69.20 76.87 73.75 71.75 80.00 81.80
5 Moong Dal Kg. 85.79 70.93 86.97 88.50 80.00 90.00 82.80
6 Masur Dal Kg. 58.92 58.53 61.27 57.75 70.00 72.00 -
7 Groundnut oil Litre 110.23 130.25 139.00 89.64 110.00 - 99.01
8 Mustard Oil Litre 120.00 148.20 # # 92.82 95.55 -
9 Vanaspati Litre 82.61 67.57 74.42 80.00 76.25 90.00 69.40
10 Goat
Meat/Mutton
Kg. 380.00 340.00 360.00 340.00 340.00 320.00 400.00
11 Fish Fresh Kg. 200.00 489.33 620.00 120.00 140.00 140.00 554.00
12 Milk Litre 39.00 44.00 40.00 40.00 28.00 30.00 28.00
13 Dairy Milk Litre 33.00 32.00 28.00 28.00 - 26.00 26.00
14 Pure Ghee Litre 335.00 315.00 335.00 # 305.44 - 291.20
15 Onion Kg. 24.00 20.00 19.20 18.00 19.00 16.00 15.40
16 Chillies Dry 100 gms. 16.00 38.89 21.50 22.50 12.00 15.00 10.00
17 Sugar Kg. 36.44 34.54 33.93 33.61 39.35 39.33 33.83
18 Gur Kg. 50.00 48.00 46.68 39.50 40.00 - 54.20
19 Tea Leaf 100gms 38.39 37.50 25.48 21.34 32.50 35.00 41.00
20 Fire Wood 40 Kg. 290.00 240.00 280.00 280.00 240.00 240.00 240.00
21 Soft Coke 40 Kg. # # # # 220.00 - -
22 Kerosene Oil Litre 15.31 14.88 14.93 15.20 14.21 13.76 14.25
23 Toilet Soap 75gms 18.33 15.00 17.58 15.75 15.75 16.50 16.50
24 Washing Soap 225 gms. 22.50 17.58 6.90 25.20 22.50 18.00 13.28
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
831
Amritsar Jalandhar Ludhiana Ajmer Bhilwara Jaipur Chennai Coimba-
tore
Coonoor Madurai
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
23.84 24.00 24.00 33.50 35.38 35.18 25.98 22.17 15.98 23.23
- 12.72 - 20.42 17.00 19.92 19.50 20.30 11.56 25.89
19.23 18.77 20.00 22.50 23.25 22.12 37.45 38.50 38.00 38.00
- - _ # # # - - - -
75.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 79.63 70.40 77.08 79.95 74.30 73.20
80.00 82.00 80.00 75.50 82.00 73.95 82.85 80.95 78.40 84.75
70.00 65.00 64.00 54.00 58.50 59.67 - - 58.00 -
- - - 137.75 150.00 150.08 120.53 134.50 119.01 123.99
105.00 105.00 120.00 105.50 120.00 107.08 - - -
60.64 65.00 65.00 65.00 # 71.08 78.60 - - 76.00
300.00 310.00 300.00 300.00 290.00 311.00 432.17 400.00 390.00 400.00
200.00 155.00 140.00 250.00 195.00 # 542.25 575.00 159.00 116.00
35.00 35.00 35.00 39.00 35.00 40.00 - 29.00 31.00 30.00
- 33.00 33.00 29.00 30.00 28.00 27.00 32.00 36.00 30.00
300.00 300.00 308.00 310.00 295.00 280.55 290.00 325.01 286.20 309.40
15.60 15.00 20.00 18.00 19.25 18.14 20.26 19.10 63.00 60.00
25.00 25.00 25.00 20.00 19.75 20.00 16.75 10.45 11.95 7.50
35.72 37.00 37.00 36.00 36.13 36.87 21.48 25.77 27.89 26.21
- - - 34.13 38.75 38.53 50.55 54.95 - 48.61
32.00 34.80 32.59 34.00 30.00 33.47 41.08 40.13 41.00 40.13
320.00 280.00 300.00 290.00 220.00 286.67 297.60 300.00 200.00 200.00
- - - # # # - - - -
14.65 14.90 14.31 15.25 15.25 15.25 13.70 13.90 14.10 14.00
13.50 13.13 15.75 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.75 16.69 16.88 16.13
11.25 9.00 13.50 12.15 10.29 10.80 13.34 22.50 13.81 23.85
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
832
Table A.1.1.3 Concld.
Sl.
No
Article Unit Salem Tiruchira
pally
Tripura Agra Ghaziabad Kanpur Lucknow
1 2 3 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
1 Rice Kg. 26.32 21.68 15.49 23.74 28.00 31.33 27.98
2 Wheat:
a. Wheat Whole Kg. 19.01 22.87 - 15.21 6.64 12.51 14.39
b. Wheat Atta Kg. 34.00 37.00 11.63 18.40 18.64 18.87 20.00
3 Jowar Kg. - - - - - - -
4 Arhar Dal Kg. 70.05 70.50 - 72.40 72.00 70.88 75.00
5 Moong Dal Kg. 77.50 72.50 80.40 78.72 75.00 85.00 80.30
6 Masur Dal Kg. - 60.00 76.80 60.00 60.00 55.93 59.00
7 Groundnut oil Litre 106.34 108.60 - - - -
8 Mustard Oil Litre - - 96.60 70.07 80.00 79.21 95.00
9 Vanaspati Litre - - - 65.00 65.00 61.90 65.00
10 Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 380.00 400.00 405.00 269.60 320.00 320.00 340.00
11 Fish Fresh Kg. 544.00 61.88 154.50 150.00 120.00 124.08 160.00
12 Milk Litre 30.00 32.00 33.40 36.00 40.00 38.00 38.00
13 Dairy Milk Litre 27.00 30.00 - 35.00 37.36 30.00 36.32
14 Pure Ghee Litre - 290.00 - 320.00 330.00 302.66 324.00
15 Onion Kg. 58.20 19.50 20.10 16.00 20.00 16.58 18.00
16 Chillies Dry 100 gms 10.07 8.95 20.20 24.40 24.00 15.46 24.00
17 Sugar Kg. 15.16 20.93 20.56 34.87 34.60 34.51 36.42
18 Gur Kg. - 62.38 52.10 38.00 35.00 39.80 39.70
19 Tea Leaf 100gms 40.50 41.50 19.20 34.80 32.80 33.26 32.80
20 Fire Wood 40 Kg. 144.00 160.00 122.00 280.00 320.00 355.50 314.00
21 Soft Coke 40 Kg. - - - - - 520.00 -
22 Kerosene Oil Litre 14.00 13.90 14.68 14.92 15.25 15.63 15.15
23 Toilet Soap 75gms 16.50 17.25 12.60 13.13 15.00 15.00 15.75
24 Washing Soap 225gms. 14.18 15.00 14.33 25.20 11.25 10.13 24.75
# Items do not feature in index basket of respective centres.
Notes 1. “The prices are average prices based on individual quotations obtained from
selected outlets in a given centre and are not comparable between centres as they
relate to different varieties of varying specifications”.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
833
Varanasi Asansol Darjee-
ling
Durga-
pur
Haldia Howrah Jalpai
guri
Kolkata Rani-
ganj
Sili-
guri
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
28.91 28.09 18.31 26.89 29.93 26.93 19.45 27.37 29.92 16.74
15.83 8.93 13.36 6.73 6.86 6.75 11.62 6.74 11.34
18.00 19.15 2.23 15.62 16.08 16.89 2.86 18.33 18.57 4.73
- - - - - - - - - -
72.00 80.00 80.00 76.00 78.67 80.00 81.38 80.00 78.00 80.00
84.00 103.75 90.00 112.50 117.50 100.00 80.88 104.50 100.00 90.00
54.80 70.00 65.00 76.00 76.00 75.33 77.63 75.00 75.00 75.00
- - - - 131.33 - - - - -
83.36 99.65 95.55 83.72 89.48 95.40 98.28 98.74 86.45 100.10
65.00 90.00 72.00 85.38 - 90.00 86.50 91.00 90.00 93.33
280.00 360.00 300.00 340.00 380.00 383.33 375.00 402.00 320.00 386.67
150.00 195.00 160.00 250.00 200.00 200.00 195.00 200.00 200.00 180.00
41.20 30.00 25.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 32.00 30.00 28.00 33.00
40.00 26.00 - 19.00 26.00 26.00 - 26.00 - -
319.69 343.90 303.18 393.68 472.11 350.00 - 343.90 289.60 -
14.88 19.69 22.50 20.00 18.83 20.00 16.85 20.30 20.00 24.83
20.00 16.00 12.00 22.00 24.00 15.00 12.00 15.80 16.00 15.00
36.08 36.92 33.64 38.00 38.00 37.84 38.01 37.86 38.00 32.32
39.52 42.00 40.00 40.00 44.00 45.00 42.50 45.40 38.00 45.00
31.20 30.00 22.00 30.00 32.80 32.80 32.00 31.68 32.80 28.00
400.00 190.00 433.33 180.00 200.00 260.00 167.50 242.00 143.33 240.00
560.00 380.00 620.00 420.00 480.00 480.00 - 477.00 150.00
15.68 14.95 15.39 15.00 16.00 25.42 15.15 24.60 15.30 14.72
15.75 16.50 12.60 15.75 16.50 16.50 16.67 16.50 16.50 9.44
25.20 22.50 22.50 18.00 18.76 20.45 22.50 18.00 19.80 18.76
2. Besides these articles, retail prices of a large number of articles (including House Rent)
being paid by working class families and utilized in the compilation of CPI Nos. (on base:
2001=100) for industrial workers are not being published due to resource constraint.
3. The price data of the remaining articles for any particular centre can be made available to
the users on their specific demand.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
834
1.2.Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers
Table A.1.2.1 (a) – Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural
Sl.
No.
State
Linking factor
for General
Index a
General Index Food Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Andhra Pradesh 4.84 758 771 761 779
2 Assam b 686 692 678 685
3 Bihar 6.22 640 629 600 584
4 Gujarat 5.34 718 726 744 752
5 Haryana * 784 788 822 825
6 Himachal Pradesh * 557 560 580 582
7 Jammu & Kashmir 5.98 689 694 721 726
8 Karnataka 5.81 775 792 793 815
9 Kerala 6.56 698 708 699 713
10 Madhya Pradesh 6.04 691 699 679 686
11 Maharashtra 5.85 764 773 787 798
12 Manipur * 650 658 554 561
13 Meghalaya * 713 725 703 721
14 Orissa 6.05 645 657 605 617
15 Punjab c 772 775 794 793
16 Rajasthan 6.15 773 776 759 760
17 Tamil Nadu 5.67 722 733 664 676
18 Tripura * 592 597 590 591
19 Uttar Pradesh 6.60 681 684 681 684
20 West Bengal 5.73 663 682 612 635
All-India 5.89 711 719 695 704
a = The indices for a given month of old base (1960-61) can be obtained by multiplying the
index number of new base (1986-87) of that month by the relevant linking factors which
are applicable to Agricultural Labourers only.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
835
Labourers (Group-wise and General) (Base: 1986-87=100)
Pan, Supari, Tobacco
& Intoxicants Index
Fuel & Light Index Clothing, Bedding &
Footwear Index
Miscellaneous Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
987 1007 773 757 718 723 691 697
928 923 694 698 691 693 564 570
752 753 885 889 781 785 658 658
1019 1035 556 578 566 573 673 674
747 762 1000 998 718 721 564 567
858 863 342 355 479 483 622 623
1028 1095 423 423 659 663 699 699
1054 1074 586 594 705 708 759 767
1138 1133 639 645 662 672 616 618
986 1008 803 811 677 677 587 602
906 926 823 828 620 626 655 662
1031 1045 1428 1439 663 674 589 596
820 818 710 714 749 729 680 680
1011 1033 895 903 778 781 575 592
910 949 1132 1137 587 596 601 606
1117 1143 1003 1003 655 664 711 713
1184 1221 834 841 673 680 831 831
878 916 449 451 630 630 567 585
863 871 781 779 673 679 576 581
805 801 890 893 932 936 751 753
971 987 800 804 695 700 670 675
b & c = To obtain linking factors for Assam and Punjab, please consult article in February, 1996
issue of the Indian Labour Journal.
* = Indices compiled and published for the first time w.e.f. November, 1995.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
836
Table A.1.2.1 (b) – Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Rural
Sl.
No
State General Index Food Index Pan, Supari,
Tobacco &
Intoxicants Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Andhra Pradesh 757 769 762 780 994 1013
2 Assam 690 696 687 693 925 918
3 Bihar 643 633 597 582 755 756
4 Gujarat 715 723 746 753 1004 1019
5 Haryana 779 781 825 827 773 787
6 Himachal Pradesh 587 592 608 612 959 965
7 Jammu & Kashmir 687 692 717 721 1102 1184
8 Karnataka 772 789 787 808 1058 1077
9 Kerala 697 707 695 708 1138 1132
10 Madhya Pradesh 699 709 678 687 977 1000
11 Maharashtra 759 768 781 791 909 931
12 Manipur 652 660 554 562 1029 1043
13 Meghalaya 708 720 700 717 831 829
14 Orissa 646 658 605 618 1002 1023
15 Punjab 763 768 792 793 898 935
16 Rajasthan 760 764 749 751 1093 1119
17 Tamil Nadu 716 727 672 686 1200 1236
18 Tripura 589 592 581 583 880 917
19 Uttar Pradesh 681 684 684 687 864 872
20 West Bengal 669 689 614 638 809 805
All India 711 720 697 706 979 994
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
837
Labourers (Group wise and General) (Base: 1986-87=100)
Fuel & Light Index Clothing, Bedding &
Footwear Index
Miscellaneous Index
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
Apr.,
2013
May,
2013
9 10 11 12 13 14
767 752 713 716 693 698
687 692 701 703 559 565
888 892 790 799 661 661
557 579 584 590 670 672
1002 1000 689 693 561 564
354 365 543 546 604 611
420 421 660 664 680 680
589 597 683 687 794 801
637 643 675 684 631 633
801 809 743 751 599 614
817 822 670 678 654 659
1432 1442 673 684 577 584
709 713 662 657 680 680
893 901 774 777 575 592
1121 1126 643 657 600 605
999 999 676 688 680 684
828 835 629 635 754 754
446 449 629 629 572 582
784 782 698 701 546 551
920 923 872 887 764 766
798 801 701 708 666 670
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
838
Table A.1.2.2 (a) - State-wise monthly consumer prices of selected articles of Agricultural
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Gujarat
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Rice Kg. 15.45 20.00 14.43 16.08
2. Wheat:
(a) Wheat whole Kg. - - 12.59 5.02
(b) Wheat Atta Kg. - 22.37 17.51 21.66
3. Jowar Kg. 21.52 - - -
4. Bajra:
(a) Bajra whole Kg. 18.81 - - 16.93
(b) Bajra Atta Kg. - - - 16.56
5. Maize:
(a) Maize whole Kg. - - 12.62 14.42
(b) Maize Atta Kg. - - - 18.55
6. Ragi Kg. 25.73 - - -
7. Arhar Dal Kg. 67.31 68.67 69.49 64.56
8. Groundnut Oil Litre 104.42 - - 137.94
9. Mustard Oil Litre - 110.34 92.58 -
10. Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 361.81 292.18 300.12 272.55
11. Fish Fresh Kg. 120.29 234.21 133.72 76.50
12. Milk Litre 33.00 37.68 28.80 36.97
13. Onion Kg. 16.56 25.64 15.13 16.46
14. Chillies Dry 100Gms 9.68 16.72 10.39 12.20
15. Potato Kg. 20.99 12.14 9.59 17.73
16. Sugar Kg. 19.58 21.82 36.30 30.33
17. Gur Kg. 44.33 50.06 35.23 40.83
18. Tea Leaf 100Gms 37.90 19.10 25.95 21.74
19. Firewood 40 Kg. 131.84 121.77 200.31 70.52
20. Kerosene Oil Litre 15.00 16.58 16.72 14.39
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
839
Labourers for the month of May, 2013 (Base: 1986-87=100)
Haryana Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir
Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh
8 9 10 11 12 13
24.79 19.10 22.37 11.65 21.41 17.86
- - - - 4.17 15.06
17.75 8.06 19.67 25.51 30.35 18.32
- - - 20.53 - 15.79
16.92 - - - - -
20.25 - 17.02 - - 14.06
- 15.50 - - - -
- - - 17.98 - -
75.24 72.00 - 71.73 67.78 70.40
- - - 100.30 - 138.38
79.79 111.32 110.13 - - 86.38
291.94 248.89 280.72 321.91 406.08 282.64
90.00 144.00 159.29 227.02 54.54 119.71
35.39 30.78 26.84 26.91 34.03 28.33
16.82 16.56 22.37 18.54 49.50 13.23
13.66 14.22 19.72 9.96 9.42 10.55
15.79 14.22 17.05 21.66 24.85 14.61
31.19 13.50 17.46 21.38 30.39 21.73
36.03 36.56 37.17 42.16 49.78 33.83
21.51 29.00 32.27 28.78 24.76 19.39
222.40 N.A. 146.00 92.66 131.28 144.16
14.09 14.55 14.46 16.35 16.08 15.62
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
840
Table A.1.2.2 (a) concld.
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Orissa
1 2 3 14 15 16 17
1. Rice Kg. 13.14 13.85 17.14 15.88
2. Wheat:
(a) Wheat whole Kg. 9.69 - - -
(b) Wheat Atta Kg. - 23.33 17.98
3. Jowar Kg. 17.99 - - -
4. Bajra:
(a) Bajra whole Kg. 17.51 - - -
(b) Bajra Atta Kg. - - -
5. Maize:
(a) Maize whole Kg. - - -
(b) Maize Atta Kg. - - -
6. Ragi Kg. - - 16.97
7. Arhar Dal Kg. 69.89 82.25 76.75 70.33
8. Groundnut Oil Litre 128.53 - - 85.53
9. Mustard Oil Litre 111.63 98.00 99.21
10. Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 322.06 - - 290.71
11. Fish Fresh Kg. 159.87 160.56 169.44 123.83
12. Milk Litre 36.01 38.67 36.11 21.90
13. Onion Kg. 14.11 26.78 30.56 17.08
14. Chillies Dry 100 gm. 10.11 15.33 15.33 10.34
15. Potato Kg. 18.40 17.33 14.44 12.08
16. Sugar Kg. 25.36 38.22 21.56 27.51
17. Gur Kg. 20.86 - - 39.45
18. Tea Leaf 100 gm. 21.15 18.67 23.13 27.88
19. Firewood 40. Kg. 156.32 240.00 139.44 121.71
20. Kerosene Oil Litre 15.42 15.89 32.22 15.81
- = Items do not feature in the Index Basket.
N.A. = Not Available.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
841
Punjab Rajasthan Tamil
Nadu
Tripura Uttar
Pradesh
West Bengal
18 19 20 21 22 23
26.17 28.28 6.96 15.77 14.16 21.53
14.15 11.24 - - 8.29 -
17.62 19.01 34.08 23.00 16.05 13.10
- 19.82 20.26 - 15.24 -
- 14.87 20.76 - 13.55 -
- 14.55 - - 14.27 -
21.39 - - - - -
- - 22.09 - - -
- 73.59 74.69 - 69.82 71.29
- 133.36 105.22 - - -
102.12 86.80 - 109.44 80.59 92.54
279.23 291.96 395.22 387.78 286.59 341.48
- - 114.87 163.33 116.40 126.91
33.89 31.99 25.36 30.00 31.00 25.13
14.98 14.39 32.20 22.78 15.00 17.76
14.30 9.96 9.24 16.44 11.99 12.64
12.83 15.49 25.83 15.22 12.11 9.70
35.61 25.82 13.55 13.50 19.03 31.50
36.63 36.59 48.52 47.88 34.59 37.61
20.02 20.18 40.71 16.00 27.11 18.90
244.49 181.26 160.11 125.56 222.95 179.89
15.23 15.19 14.01 15.25 15.51 16.38
Note:- The prices are average prices based on individual quotations obtained from the selected
outlets of the sample villages of a given State and are not comparable with each other due
to their varying specifications. Besides, the prices of all the items utilised in compilation
of C.P.I. Numbers for Agricultural Labourers are not being published due to resource
constraints.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
842
Table A.1.2.2 (b) - State-wise monthly consumer prices of selected articles of Rural Labourers
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Andhra
Pradesh
Assam Bihar Gujarat Haryana Himachal
Pradesh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. Rice Kg. 15.43 20.28 14.45 16.21 24.78 20.37
2. Wheat:
(a) Wheat whole Kg. - - 12.59 5.04 - -
(b) Wheat Atta Kg. - 22.35 17.48 21.52 17.76 8.78
3. Jowar Kg. 21.52 - - - - -
4. Bajra:
(a) Bajra whole Kg. 18.83 - - 16.85 - -
(b) Bajra Atta Kg. - - - 16.45 16.63 -
5. Maize:
(a) Maize whole Kg. - - 12.63 14.42 20.25 -
(b) Maize Atta Kg. - - - 18.61 - 15.50
6. Ragi Kg. 25.71 - - - - -
7. Arhar Dal Kg. 67.41 68.38 69.52 64.58 75.31 72.00
8. Groundnut Oil Litre 104.33 - - 137.98 - -
9. Mustard Oil Litre - 110.31 92.57 100.95 80.05 111.32
10. Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 361.94 290.26 301.65 273.02 291.84 248.89
11. Fish Fresh Kg. 120.43 235.14 133.42 76.64 90.00 144.00
12. Milk Litre 32.69 37.69 28.78 36.98 35.44 30.78
13. Onion Kg. 16.57 25.54 15.12 16.46 16.80 16.56
14. Chillies Dry 100Gms 9.67 17.12 10.39 12.19 13.66 14.22
15. Potato Kg. 21.02 12.20 9.63 17.71 15.77 14.22
16. Sugar Kg. 20.79 21.86 36.34 30.18 31.30 13.50
17. Gur Kg. 44.50 51.00 35.22 40.85 36.07 36.56
18. Tea Leaf 100gms. 37.74 19.05 25.97 21.66 21.51 29.00
19. Firewood 40. Kg. 131.89 120.54 201.77 70.15 222.40 N.A.
20. Kerosene Oil Litre 15.00 16.54 16.72 14.38 14.09 14.55
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
843
for the month of May, 2013 (Base: 1986-87=100)
Jammu &
Kashmir
Karnataka Kerala Madhya
Pradesh
Maha-
rashtra
Manipur Megha-
laya
Orissa Punjab
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
21.28 12.40 21.38 17.77 13.80 13.82 17.23 15.89 26.17
- - 4.15 14.98 10.33 - - - 14.15
19.61 25.55 30.19 18.32 - 23.33 18.02 17.62
- 20.53 15.75 17.87 - - - -
- - - 17.63 - - - -
16.81 - 14.06 - - - -
- - - - - - 21.39
- 17.90 - - - 16.99 -
- 71.76 68.33 70.03 70.03 82.25 76.75 70.51 -
- 100.19 138.62 128.40 - - 85.46 -
109.79 - 86.68 111.63 98.00 99.33 101.25
282.22 322.92 403.86 282.60 323.02 - - 292.27 280.07
159.29 228.88 54.59 119.75 160.95 160.56 169.44 123.84 -
26.70 26.89 34.06 28.42 36.65 38.67 36.11 21.90 33.77
22.75 18.54 49.48 13.23 14.14 26.78 30.56 17.08 14.98
19.25 9.98 9.42 10.54 10.03 15.33 15.33 10.32 14.30
16.95 21.66 24.79 14.62 18.40 17.33 14.44 12.09 12.82
17.63 21.97 30.77 21.59 26.13 38.22 21.56 27.33 35.66
37.00 42.10 49.80 33.81 20.88 - - 39.48 36.66
31.13 28.76 24.92 19.41 21.24 18.67 23.13 27.86 20.01
143.83 92.81 131.25 143.96 156.12 240.00 139.44 122.27 245.71
14.90 16.36 16.07 15.62 15.28 15.89 32.22 15.80 15.18
- = Items do not feature in the Index Basket.
N.A.= Not available
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
844
Table A.1.2.2 (b)-Concld.
Sl.
No.
Item Unit Rajasthan Tamil
Nadu
Tripura Uttar
Pradesh
West
Bengal
1 2 3 19 20 21 22 23
1. Rice Kg. 29.10 7.53 15.59 14.21 21.54
2. Wheat:
(a) Wheat whole Kg. 11.62 - - 8.73 -
(b) Wheat Atta Kg. 19.00 34.21 23.00 15.97 13.35
3. Jowar Kg. 19.82 19.95 - 15.22 -
4. Bajra:
(a) Bajra whole Kg. 15.02 20.76 - 13.53 -
(b) Bajra Atta Kg. - - - - -
5. Maize:
( a ) Maize whole Kg. 14.40 - - 14.26 -
(b) Maize Atta Kg. - - - - -
6. Ragi Kg. - 22.06 - - -
7. Arhar Dal Kg. 75.43 74.69 - 69.82 71.71
8. Groundnut Oil Litre 134.26 106.13 - - -
9. Mustard Oil Litre 87.49 - 109.44 80.65 92.51
10. Goat Meat/Mutton Kg. 290.60 396.51 387.78 286.33 341.99
11. Fish Fresh Kg. - 115.03 163.33 115.55 126.67
12. Milk Litre 31.99 25.25 30.00 31.12 25.20
13. Onion Kg. 14.34 32.38 22.78 15.07 17.73
14. Chillies Dry 100gm. 9.99 9.22 16.44 11.95 12.65
15. Potato Kg. 15.67 25.86 15.22 12.22 9.72
16. Sugar Kg. 27.44 13.68 13.50 18.28 31.84
17. Gur Kg. 36.57 49.00 47.88 34.54 37.60
18. Tea Leaf 100 gm. 20.18 40.65 16.00 26.94 18.93
19. Firewood 40. Kg. 180.45 159.93 125.56 224.20 181.07
20. Kerosene Oil Litre 15.19 14.01 15.25 15.49 16.36
Note:-The prices are average prices based on individual quotations obtained from the selected outlets of the
sample villages of a given State and are not comparable with each other due to their varying
specifications. Besides, the prices of all the items utilized in compilation of C.P.I. Numbers. for
Rural Labourers are not being published due to resource constraints.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
845
2. WAGES AND EARNINGS
Table A.2.1 (a) - Average Daily Wage Rates for Agricultural Occupations in Rural India during
May, 2013 (By States and Sex).
( in Rupees)
Sl.
No
States Ploughing Sowing
Men Women Children Men Women Children
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Andhra Pradesh 239.76 - - 201.67 169.33 -
2 Assam 167.98 @ - 152.50 @ -
3 Bihar 188.58 - - 179.75 155.09 @
4 Gujarat 159.83 - - 136.33 117.22 -
5 Haryana 306.00 - - 228.29 @ -
6 Himachal Pradesh 293.33 - - 251.67 @ -
7 Jammu & Kashmir 406.98 - - 291.50 - -
8 Karnataka 223.00 @ - 186.80 124.40 @
9 Kerala 582.37 - - 505.10 @ -
10 Madhya Pradesh 140.19 - - 135.22 107.00 -
11 Maharashtra 221.38 118.00 - 198.18 110.00 -
12 Manipur 231.11 - - @ - -
13 Meghalaya @ @ - @ @ -
14 Orissa 163.33 - - 128.00 @ -
15 Punjab @ - - @ - -
16 Rajasthan 261.00 - - 210.00 @ -
17 Tamil Nadu 349.91 - - 227.78 188.89 -
18 Tripura 158.89 - - 158.89 - -
19 Uttar Pradesh 160.36 @ - 168.28 147.50 -
20 West Bengal 228.04 - - 168.21 162.89 @
All India 223.07 119.72 - 190.31 150.20 98.67
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
846
Table A.2.1 (a) Contd.
Sl. No States Weeding Transplantng
Men Women Children Men Women Children
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Andhra Pradesh @ 162.70 @ @ 160.95 -
2 Assam 128.06 @ - 134.29 @ -
3 Bihar 148.65 137.93 @ 160.49 141.30 @
4 Gujarat 121.07 115.00 - 110.00 106.00 -
5 Haryana 228.29 @ - 221.14 221.14 -
6 Himachal Pradesh @ @ - - - -
7 Jammu & Kashmir 278.00 - - 244.38 - -
8 Karnataka 173.27 120.31 @ 192.89 125.50 -
9 Kerala @ 327.02 - @ 315.85 -
10 Madhya Pradesh 127.08 104.09 - 146.67 @ -
11 Maharashtra 177.50 111.43 - @ @ -
12 Manipur 210.00 @ - @ @ -
13 Meghalaya 157.14 114.29 @ @ @ -
14 Orissa 128.57 113.33 - 118.00 @ -
15 Punjab @ - - @ - -
16 Rajasthan 238.57 210.00 - @ @ -
17 Tamil Nadu - 143.82 @ @ 148.76 -
18 Tripura 158.89 - - 158.89 - -
19 Uttar Pradesh 170.10 149.76 @ 175.94 136.33 @
20 West Bengal 174.41 171.38 @ 167.78 160.33 @
All India 167.85 148.09 101.79 175.40 158.70 111.33
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
847
Harvesting Winnowing Threshing
Men Women Children Men Women Children Men Women Children
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
227.11 149.36 - 210.00 @ - 184.29 @ -
167.22 153.57 - @ @ - @ @ -
158.62 144.24 @ 149.92 129.38 - 153.50 124.23 -
127.40 116.88 - 127.19 122.50 - 137.31 142.50 -
240.60 238.67 - 221.14 @ - 228.29 @ -
253.75 @ - - - - - - -
249.44 - - @ - - @ - -
186.00 124.44 @ 184.00 127.14 - 168.13 117.14 -
380.00 311.78 @ - @ - @ @ -
140.00 122.80 - 123.33 104.64 - 135.20 125.00 -
191.90 125.52 - 191.67 134.17 - 195.00 103.50 -
216.00 200.00 - 216.00 @ - @ @ -
@ @ - @ @ - - - -
168.33 @ - @ @ - 163.33 @ -
272.78 @ - @ - - 289.00 - -
265.45 247.73 - - - - 219.50 215.00 -
220.13 146.53 @ 178.48 133.75 - 150.56 116.00 -
158.89 - - 158.89 - - - - -
172.50 151.57 133.00 144.06 129.69 @ 155.79 134.17 @
185.80 174.88 @ 171.03 150.38 @ 187.37 166.29 @
189.99 157.00 125.14 165.41 134.05 @ 178.03 145.22 @
- = Indicates that the particular category of workers, i.e. men/women/children were not engaged
in that operation either because of their non-availability; or the activity connected with the
occupation was not undertaken in the State; or the activity was out of season in the State, etc.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
848
Table A.2.1 (a) Concld.
Sl.
No
States Picking* Herdsman
Men Women Children Men Women Children
1 2 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 Andhra Pradesh @ 150.92 @ 140.95 - @
2 Assam - - - @ - @
3 Bihar @ @ - 102.47 @ 73.33
4 Gujarat 145.91 142.27 - 126.67 @ -
5 Haryana 226.80 @ - @ - -
6 Himachal Pradesh @ @ - - - -
7 Jammu & Kashmir
- - - - - -
8 Karnataka 147.50 98.57 - 168.00 @ -
9 Kerala - - - - - -
10 Madhya Pradesh @ @ @ 82.66 71.44 57.86
11 Maharashtra 137.78 110.42 @ 136.49 108.33 118.75
12 Manipur - - - 202.50 - -
13 Meghalaya @ @ - @ - -
14 Orissa 153.33 @ - 102.56 @ @
15 Punjab @ - - - - -
16 Rajasthan - - - 162.50 @ -
17 Tamil Nadu @ @ - - - -
18 Tripura - - - - - -
19 Uttar Pradesh @ @ - @ - -
20 West Bengal - - - @ - 75.33
All India 157.81 134.53 116.00 116.44 85.35 71.81
* = Picking includes picking of cotton bolls/seed pods, jute stalks and tea leaves etc.
@ = Number of quotations are less than five.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
849
Well digging
Cane crushing
Men Women Children Men Women Children
30 31 32 33 34 35
@ @ - @ @ -
@ - - - - -
190.26 @ - 140.83 - -
184.00 @ - @ - -
@ - - @ - -
- - - - - -
- - - - - -
208.00 @ - 182.50 @ -
640.83 - - - - -
144.65 120.95 - 112.00 @ -
255.00 179.29 - @ @ -
@ - - @ - -
- - - - - -
201.67 - - @ - -
@ - - - - -
316.88 - - - - -
313.44 @ - 233.57 @ -
- - - - - -
@ - - 143.13 @ -
265.65 - - - - -
255.33 141.71 - 173.40 116.00 -
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
850
A.2.1. (b) – Average Daily Wage Rates for Non-agricultural Occupations in Rural India during
Sl
No
States Carpenter Blacksmith Cobbler
Men Women Children Men Women Children Men Women Children
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 Andhra Pradesh 240.38 - - 190.81 - @ 133.65 - -
2 Assam 258.15 - - 225.18 - - 176.67 - -
3 Bihar 245.38 - - 205.42 - - 142.50 - -
4 Gujarat 245.88 - - 193.00 - - @ - -
5 Haryana 336.58 - - 243.89 - - 218.29 - -
6 Himachal Pradesh 373.33 - - 331.43 - - @ - -
7 Jammu&Kashmir 383.81 - - 358.18 - - - - -
8 Karnataka 241.36 - - 190.42 - - 146.14 - -
9 Kerala 604.76 - - 477.78 - - @ - -
10 Madhya Pradesh 166.34 - - 149.55 - - 115.04 - -
11 Maharashtra 244.89 - - 220.98 - - 160.38 - -
12 Manipur 277.78 - - 230.00 - - 221.25 - -
13 Meghalaya 214.44 - - 205.00 - - 144.29 - -
14 Orissa 256.25 - - 145.45 - - 122.86 - -
15 Punjab 395.27 - - @ - - - - -
16 Rajasthan 339.21 - - 265.00 - - 200.00 - -
17 Tamil Nadu 426.72 - - 304.81 - - 191.67 - -
18 Tripura 211.25 - - 150.00 - - 150.00 - -
19 Uttar Pradesh 283.05 - @ 247.29 - @ 168.42 - -
20 West Bengal 219.77 - - 159.49 - - 140.57 - -
All India 278.10 - @ 212.20 - @ 151.73 - -
- = Indicates that the particular category of workers, i.e. men/ women /children were not
engaged in that operation either because of their non-availability; or the activity connected
with the occupation was not undertaken in the State; or the activity was out of season in the
State, etc.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
851
May, 2013 (By States and Sex)
( in Rupees)
Mason Tractor driver
Men Women Children Men Women Children
12 13 14 15 16 17
296.09 - - 237.04 - -
269.26 - - 258.33 - -
281.97 - - 177.47 - -
316.25 - - 161.88 - -
350.75 - - 305.92 - -
367.78 - - @ - -
380.71 - - @ - -
252.67 - - 187.98 - -
595.00 - - 545.00 - -
214.04 - - 171.06 - -
307.69 - - 229.46 - -
302.50 - - 318.89 - -
236.67 - - - - -
275.67 - - 204.55 - -
401.93 - - 309.17 - -
424.05 - - 269.12 - -
455.59 - - 359.71 - -
211.25 - - 211.25 - -
327.75 - - 194.23 - -
243.00 - - 234.18 - -
309.41 - - 223.44 - -
@ = Number of quotations are less than five.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
852
Table A.2.1 (b) Concld.
( in Rupees)
Sl
No States Sweeper Unskilled labourers
( Unspecified)
Men Women Children Men Women Children
1 2 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 Andhra Pradesh @ @ - 178.40 124.80 86.39
2 Assam @ - - 169.44 141.92 100.00
3 Bihar 110.00 @ - 160.00 131.83 @
4 Gujarat @ @ - 118.80 110.59 -
5 Haryana 216.00 195.60 - 252.42 234.33 -
6 Himachal Pradesh - - - 230.00 254.00 -
7 Jammu & Kashmir - - - 303.00 - -
8 Karnataka 123.33 75.71 - 139.51 95.06 @
9 Kerala - @ - 487.89 341.50 -
10 Madhya Pradesh 109.21 94.64 @ 106.23 93.28 65.60
11 Maharashtra 170.00 - - 147.21 102.73 103.75
12 Manipur - @ - 174.44 160.00 -
13 Meghalaya - - - 150.00 101.67 @
14 Orissa @ @ - 156.24 141.41 @
15 Punjab @ @ - 259.00 @ -
16 Rajasthan @ @ - 237.62 214.00 -
17 Tamil Nadu @ @ - 238.60 181.58 @
18 Tripura - - - 158.89 - -
19 Uttar Pradesh 153.29 121.93 @ 173.70 145.40 110.00
20 West Bengal @ - - 158.68 142.02 98.67
All India 130.64 110.54 @ 180.86 137.77 90.18
Note:- The average daily wage rates at all-India level are derived by dividing the sum total of
wages by number of quotations of all the states taken together.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
853
3. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
Table A.3.1 Sector/Sphere-wise Number of Disputes, Workers involved and Mandays Lost
due to Industrial Disputes during January to May, 2013 (P)
Sphere/
Item Public Sector Private Sector Total
Number of Number of Number of
Dis-
putes
Workers
Involved
Mandays
Lost
Dis-
putes
Workers
Involved
Mandays
Lost
Dis-
putes
Workers
Involved
Mandays
Lost
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(i) Central Sphere
Strikes 20 86705 286619 1 5047 10094 21 91752 296713
Lockouts - - - - - - - - -
Strikes &
Lockouts
(Total-i)
20 86705 286619 1 5047 10094 21 91752 296713
(ii) State Sphere
Strikes 3 107811 162825 28 11244 292221 31 119055 455046
Lockouts 1 180 360 9 1998 103313 10 2178 103673
Strikes &
Lockouts
(Total-ii)
4 107991 163185 37 13242 395534 41 121233 558719
Grand Total
(Total-i+ ii)
24 194696 449804 38 18289 405628 62 212985 855432
(P) = Provisional and based on the returns /clarifications received in the Bureau till 28th
June, 2013
- = Nil
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
854
Table A.3.2- Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts)
during January to May, 2013 (P)
State/Union Territory Number of
Disputes Workers
Involved
Mandays Lost
1 2 3 4
Andhra Pradesh 4 1416 103056
Arunachal Pradesh .. .. ..
Assam - - -
Bihar 1 227 5902
Chhattisgarh .. .. ..
Goa 2 579 9554
Gujarat 8 9212 22358
Haryana - - -
Himachal Pradesh .. .. ..
Jammu & Kashmir .. .. ..
Jharkhand .. .. ..
Karnataka 14 63159 121779
Kerala 14 2756 77546
Madhya Pradesh - - -
Maharashtra .. .. ..
Manipur .. .. ..
Meghalaya - - -
Mizoram - - -
Nagaland - - -
Orissa .. .. ..
Punjab 4 108201 228405
Rajasthan 7 1540 160960
Sikkim - - -
Tamil Nadu 3 3620 65062
Tripura - - -
Uttarakhand .. .. ..
Uttar Pradesh .. .. ..
West Bengal 5 22275 60810
A & N Islands - - -
Chandigarh - - -
Dadra & Nagar Haveli - - -
Delhi .. .. ..
Daman & Diu - - -
Lakshadweep .. .. ..
Puducherry - - -
All India 62 212985 855432
(P) = Provisional and based on the returns /clarifications received in the Bureau till
28th
June, 2013 - = Nil .. = Not reported
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
855
SECTION B
SERIAL STATISTICS
N O T E
1 Prices and Price Indices
1.1. Industrial Worker’s Consumer Price Index
B.1.1.1. All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers – The All India
Consumer Price Index Numbers (General and Food) on base 1982=100 were being published
since their first release with effect from October, 1988 index replacing the old series on base:
1960=100. The Labour Bureau has released the new series of Consumer Price Index Numbers
for Industrial Workers on base: 2001=100 with the index of January, 2006 which has replaced
the previous series on base: 1982=100. The indices for the old base (1960=100) series can be
derived by multiplying the 1982 series indices by the Linking Factors, which are 4.93 for the
general index and 4.98 for the food index. Similarly, the indices for 1982 series can be derived
by multiplying the 2001 series indices by the Linking factors, which are 4.63 and 4.58 for
General and Food group respectively. The Annual Average (Calendar year 1990 to 2011 as well
as Financial year 1990-91 to 2010-2011) and monthly All India Index Numbers (General&
Food) from May, 2012 to May, 2013 have been presented in Table B.1.1.1.
B.1.1.2. Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers – Serial Statistics in respect of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on base 1982=100 and new series on base: 2001=100 (General Index only) for 78 centres are set out in Table B.1.1.2.
1.2 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers B.1.2.1 (a) and (b). All-India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural
Labourers (Base: 1986-87=100) – Serial statistics relating to the All-India Consumer Price
Index Numbers (General and Food) for Agricultural and Rural Labourers on base 1986-87=100
separately for Agricultural Years from 1995-96 to 2010-11, Financial Years from 1995-96 to
2011-12 and Calendar Years from 1995 to 2011, alongwith month-wise indices and 12-monthly
moving averages from May, 2012 to May, 2013 are presented in Tables B.1.2.1 (a) and (b)
respectively
B.1.2.2 (a) and (b) Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural
Labourers and Rural Labourers on Base: 1986-87=100 – Serial statistics in respect of
Consumer Price Index Numbers (General Index) for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers
(Base: 1986-87=100) for 20 States are given in Tables B.1.2.2 (a) and (b) respectively.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
856
1.3. Urban Non-Manual Employees Consumer Price Index / Consumer Price Index for Urban and Rural Areas
B.1.3. Consumer Price Index Numbers for Urban Non-Manual Employees (Base:1984-85=100) and Consumer Price Index for Urban and Rural Areas on base: 2010=100
Consumer Price Index for Urban Non-Manual Employees on base: 1984-85=100 were compiled and published by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), New Delhi. The Price collection for CPI (UNME) was discontinued with effect from April, 2008. As decided by the National Statistical Commission, linked all-India CPI (UNME) numbers for the year 2008 to 2010 are given in Serial Statistics.
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) releases Consumer Price Indices (CPI) on base 2010=100 for all-India and States/UTs separately for rural, urban and combined every month with effect from January, 2011. Consumer Price Index for Urban and Rural areas for the period May, 2012 to May, 2013 have been presented in Table B.1.3.
1.4. Wholesale Price Index
B.1.4. All India Index Numbers of Wholesale prices (Base: 2004-05=100) – The current series of Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices in India on base 2004-05=100 was released w.e.f. September, 2010 by replacing the earlier series. These Index Numbers are compiled and published by the Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The indices for the period 1991 to 2011 (Annual Averages) and May, 2012 to May, 2013 (Monthly Figures) are set out in Table B.1.4.
2. Wages and Earnings
B.2.1. Earnings(Basic Wage and Dearness Allowance) of the Lowest-paid Workers/Operatives in Cotton Textile Mills – The information concerning earnings of cotton producing Centres/States received from the State Governments, Employers’ Associations and Individual Units is presented in Table B.2.1. The earnings of workers include minimum basic wage and dearness Allowance by whatever name called. The dearness allowance is linked to the Working Class Consumer Price Index Numbers of different Centres and varies from month to month according to the variation in the index.
3. Industrial Disputes
B.3.1. Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts) – Industrial Disputes Statistics for the Years 2006 to 2013 are presented in Table B.3.1
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
857
1. PRICES AND PRICE INDICES
1.1 Industrial Workers’ Consumer Price Index
Table B.1.1.1 – All India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial
Workers (General & Food)
Year/
Month
Annual Average Indices for
Calendar Year Twelve monthly
moving average
of General Index
Financial year
General
Index
Food
Index
Year General
Index
Food
Index
I- Base 1982=100 1991 212 222 - 1991-92 219 230 1992 237 251 - 1992-93 240 254 1993 252 265 - 1993-94 258 272 1994 278 296 - 1994-95 284 304 1995 306 331 - 1995-96 313 337 1996 334 359 - 1996-97 342 369 1997 358 380 - 1997-98 366 388 1998 405 437 - 1998-99 414 445 1999 424 444 - 1999-2000 428 446 2000 441 452 - 2000-01 444 453 2001 458 462 - 2001-02 463 466 2002 477 474 - 2002-03 482 477 2003 496 490 - 2003-04 500 495 2004 514 504 - 2004-05 520 506 2005
536 520 - 2005-06* 540 526 II- Base 2001=100
2006 123 122 2006-07 125 126 2007 131 134 2007-08 133 136
2008 142 149 2008-09 145 153
2009 157 169 2009-10 163 176 2010 176 190 2010-11 180 194
2011 192 204 2011-12 195 206
2012 May 206 219 198
June 208 222 200
July 212 227 201
Aug 214 230 203
Sept 215 232 204 Oct 217 233 206
Nov 218 235 208
Dec 219 235 209
2013 Jan 221 235 211
Feb 223 238 213
Mar 224 240 215
Apr 226 245 217
May 228 248 219
*The Financial year average is based on 9 months from April, 2005 to Dec., 2005
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
858
Table B.1.1.2- Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers of Industrial Workers
(General Index)
Year/
month
Godavari
khani
Guntur Hyderabad Vijaya
wada
Vishakha-
pattanam
Warrangal DoomDooma
Tinsukia
Base Year 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
L. Factor 5.60 5.23 * * 4.05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I- Base-1982=100
1991 208 203 210 202 195
1992 239 227 238 237 216
1993 256 237 249 243 233
1994 281 258 264 274 255
1995 305 283 293 300 281
1996 332 308 319 324 309
1997 356 331 343 344 320
1998 394 377 388 399 362
1999 414 395 410 415 386
2000 431 419 436 440 389
2001 438 438 444 464 384
2002 473 468 469 501 398
2003 504 496 484 526 416
2004 510 512 501 530 430
2005 523 532 525 555 450
II. Base 2001=100
Linking Factor
with previous
base: 1982=100 * 4.57 4.79 * 4.64 4.75 4.04
2006 125 120 116 119 119 123 116
2007 135 126 123 126 126 133 125
2008 150 139 135 137 135 149 133
2009 169 161 152 161 153 172 147
2010 193 181 165 180 173 199 160
2011 200 194 174 188 192 204 170 2012 May 213 204 186 202 209 216 179
June 221 206 189 202 213 221 180 July 221 206 192 211 216 225 184 Aug 221 205 192 214 218 227 185 Sept 222 206 193 214 218 229 187 Oct 222 210 195 216 220 230 190
Nov. 223 215 197 222 223 233 194 Dec 224 217 198 222 223 234 189
2013 Jan 233 219 199 223 223 239 191 Feb 235 218 200 229 226 239 191 Mar 237 223 200 228 225 238 191 Apr 233 223 202 230 227 239 189
May 235 227 206 234 231 245 189
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
859
Guwa
hati
Labac
Silchar
Mariani
Jorhat
Rangapara
Tezpur
Monghyr
Jamalpur
Chandigarh Bhilai
1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 * 1966= 100
* 3.96 3.95 4.29 5.29 3.49 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
208 193 205 209 212 216 196 235 217 229 230 234 236 214 252 233 244 246 242 252 229 280 251 264 266 267 271 250 312 274 296 295 288 294 272 341 295 324 323 316 315 302 357 312 339 340 331 345 323 405 345 389 390 379 401 361 436 375 416 412 415 447 373 460 370 418 408 416 460 390 471 372 411 419 416 488 407 480 374 411 417 435 514 413 496 383 432 427 459 526 439 516 411 441 433 479 560 459 531 415 449 439 511 615 480
4.80 3.65 4.01 4.17 4.30 5.26 4.20
115 121 116 114 126 125 121
120 130 127 126 134 131 132
128 143 133 131 145 140 145
143 155 147 144 162 155 162
156 178 158 154 182 175 180
168 186 171 163 199 197 206
183 195 184 166 209 212 237
185 196 184 170 213 212 239
189 200 186 175 215 217 246
187 201 186 175 217 218 249
188 201 188 178 219 221 250
190 205 192 181 225 220 250
193 209 193 181 224 219 250
192 206 192 179 222 219 250
193 204 190 179 222 225 251
190 204 189 179 229 224 251
191 205 187 178 230 225 251
191 204 191 180 230 226 257
193 208 192 180 232 226 261
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
860
Table B.1.1.2 Contd.
Year/
month
Delhi Goa Ahmedabad
Bhavnagar Rajkot Surat Vadodra
Base Year 1960= 100 1966= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
L. Factor 4.97 3.40 4.78 4.99 * * * 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
I- Base-1982=100 1991 218 223 218 220 215 229 218 1992 247 257 241 244 237 252 240 1993 272 285 250 259 246 260 252 1994 299 310 279 294 276 292 278 1995 327 339 303 318 296 320 303 1996 346 373 333 350 332 356 332 1997 380 416 357 373 350 373 350 1998 447 451 399 425 393 417 385 1999 480 482 422 447 409 432 405 2000 514 520 441 466 430 446 430 2001 529 555 460 483 433 474 453 2002 550 577 476 492 447 484 467 2003 570 592 488 504 457 490 470 2004 598 614 507 523 465 490 485 2005 648 634 519 537 496 505 500
II. Base 2001=100
Linking Factor
with previous
base: 1982=100 5.60 5.59 4.62 4.76 4.38 4.54 4.39
2006 122 121 120 119 118 118 120
2007 128 130 129 129 126 127 127
2008 137 144 138 135 132 134 133
2009 147 164 151 147 146 146 147
2010 163 188 171 174 174 162 167
2011 176 203 186 189 193 174 180
2012 May 189 216 205 204 214 191 197
June 188 219 205 205 215 192 198
July 194 227 208 208 218 195 200
Aug 195 231 212 210 221 197 203
Sept 197 230 214 211 222 199 203
Oct 198 227 213 211 225 199 203
Nov. 198 227 214 211 224 199 205
Dec 199 229 215 213 225 199 205
2013 Jan 200 237 220 213 227 207 208
Feb 202 241 222 214 227 207 209
Mar 204 244 222 217 229 207 210
Apr 206 247 226 219 230 211 210
May 200 251 227 218 230 212 215
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
861
Faridabad Yamuna-nagar
Himachal
Pradesh
Srinagar Bokaro Giridih Jamshedpur
1960= 100 1965= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
* 5.53 3.75 5.47 4.68
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
201 201 205 202 204
224 218 226 231 226 244 235 244 252 239
268 259 268 271 260 295 292 292 303 280
326 315 314 321 321 359 335 340 347 340
426 378 386 414 385
435 392 407 471 397 443 412 430 480 405
469 428 447 520 419 480 443 454 547 431
499 462 466 574 456
532 486 488 599 479 550 521 510 632 508
4.79 4.34 4.53 5.62 * * 4.23
122 127 120 118 121 134 126
130 133 126 125 130 146 132
145 145 135 134 142 156 142
160 162 147 155 158 177 157
182 183 161 159 168 204 182
194 197 172 172 192 232 213
205 212 185 189 207 247 228
205 213 186 192 210 148 232 213 216 192 194 212 252 237
213 218 195 194 217 261 237 212 221 195 193 216 258 237
213 222 195 195 217 259 239
214 225 196 196 217 260 239
210 224 196 194 217 262 237
212 225 198 194 217 262 239
216 226 199 198 219 263 241
218 228 199 197 219 264 242
219 230 201 199 220 272 243
219 227 205 195 219 272 246
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
862
Table B.1.1.2 Contd.
Year/
month
Jharia Kodarma Ranchi Hatia Bangalore Belgaum Hubli Dharwar
Base Year 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
L. Factor 4.63 5.43 * 5.66 * * 1 30 31 32 33 34 35
I- Base-1982=100 1991 198 192 214 204 218 215 1992 218 215 233 230 243 246 1993 226 228 247 248 256 259 1994 244 248 269 272 285 280 1995 262 265 292 305 327 314 1996 286 290 320 331 353 337 1997 301 310 340 361 380 362 1998 353 359 402 391 423 409 1999 363 379 414 405 457 430 2000 363 368 418 425 473 434 2001 365 373 426 438 486 451 2002 374 388 433 452 514 471 2003 393 402 438 476 535 494 2004 414 426 470 501 563 520 2005 442 471 497 533 588 544
II. Base 2001=100 Linking. Factor
with previous base: 1982=100 3.72 3.89 4.20 4.51 5.02 4.71
2006 126 132 125 125 125 123
2007 136 140 133 136 133 132
2008 146 149 148 150 144 147
2009 161 169 170 167 162 164
2010 180 190 199 181 179 182
2011 198 215 220 194 200 200
2012 May 220 231 228 212 219 215
June 220 233 229 218 211 217
July 224 238 239 220 215 223
Aug 227 242 241 219 210 224
Sept 231 245 248 211 221 224
Oct 235 249 249 220 215 220
Nov. 239 249 249 220 220 224
Dec 237 247 249 219 222 234
2013 Jan 247 250 252 223 225 234
Feb 253 249 257 226 232 237
Mar 251 247 257 233 228 236
Apr 253 249 257 236 239 239
May 253 253 258 237 241 245
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
863
Mercara Mysore ErnakulamAluva
Mundakayam Quilon Bhopal
Chhindwara Indore
1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1966= 100 1960= 100
* 5.19 4.67 * 5.46 2.59 5.18 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
229 220 230 227 248 241 250 243 243 249 252 268 263 267 269 273 278 288 291 284 292 304 311 314 325 312 314 315 339 348 355 362 351 344 344 375 371 384 391 377 359 356 418 404 419 395 436 403 406 444 423 443 428 444 419 425 458 442 453 449 451 420 445 457 458 451 457 488 429 470 458 478 469 486 510 437 488
474 490 489 522 525 448 511 491 515 500 533 537 460 521 495 542 514 546 561 474 537
4.47 * 4.52 4.37 4.61 4.83 4.03 4.73
114 123 125 124 126 127 127 122
121 130 131 130 129 135 137 131
135 142 142 145 143 145 150 140
154 160 153 159 154 161 162 152
172 174 167 174 172 185 177 168
188 187 185 191 195 205 195 181
201 206 196 211 200 217 209 197
209 204 199 212 203 218 211 197
211 209 202 216 207 223 215 202
215 203 202 217 206 229 221 206
216 204 203 220 208 228 229 206
218 206 204 221 209 228 228 208
219 213 205 224 213 227 227 209
221 218 212 231 221 225 231 207
223 221 215 235 222 225 231 210
226 225 218 238 224 226 236 212
230 226 218 243 230 228 236 213
236 239 221 246 230 231 234 218
239 243 222 251 231 233 237 220
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
864
Table B.1.1.2 Contd.
Year/
month
Jabalpur Mumbai Nagpur Nasik Pune Solapur Angul Talcher
Base Year 1949= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
L. Factor 6.41 5.12 4.99 * * 5.03 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 I- Base-1982=100
1991 232 226 223 228 217 224 1992 254 255 253 255 253 260 1993 272 273 268 270 266 264 1994 301 306 292 296 296 289 1995 315 339 314 322 330 327 1996 339 363 342 353 359 357 1997 356 400 370 377 388 371 1998 409 453 427 423 448 431 1999 435 468 438 432 466 450 2000 446 505 461 465 493 467 2001 458 528 483 498 516 471 2002 468 558 495 514 528 486 2003 488 583 503 532 554 501 2004 508 604 524 554 574 529 2005 540 611 554 576 589 539
II. Base 2001=100 Linking. Factor with previous base: 1982=100
4.53 5.18 4.68 4.94 4.96 4.73 *
2006 128 126 130 124 127 123 120
2007 135 134 140 130 136 139 128
2008 148 144 151 139 146 149 143
2009 159 159 174 157 162 160 160
2010 184 174 203 181 181 179 181
2011 198 192 220 204 200 199 200
2012 May 206 208 236 216 214 215 217
June 209 212 239 218 214 214 220
July 218 214 244 223 218 215 224
Aug 219 216 247 228 219 218 227
Sept 220 219 249 233 222 218 228
Oct 220 221 249 233 224 222 230
Nov. 220 222 247 235 224 225 229
Dec 219 223 246 234 225 223 229
2013 Jan 220 224 250 234 227 222 232
Feb 221 226 254 234 228 225 234
Mar 224 228 254 234 227 231 233
Apr 225 229 256 235 230 233 233
May 228 231 264 242 232 234 235
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
865
Table B.1.1.2 contd.
Rourkela Pondicherry Amritsar Jalandhar Ludhiana Ajmer Bhilwara Jaipur
1966= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1966=100 1960= 100
3.59 * 5.19 * 5.01 3.20 5.17
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
194 229 204 207 217 215 210 216 256 220 219 243 240 228 232 279 238 237 253 253 245 254 313 261 262 280 290 269 275 344 278 285 305 310 291 303 387 298 301 332 333 321 341 428 314 320 357 350 346 390 464 369 374 392 393 387 396 467 379 381 411 420 390 406 477 388 396 433 439 403 407 482 403 413 452 460 423 416 510 418 431 472 474 442 432 543 431 441 487 488 452 453 556 452 469 510 505 467 473 580 492 504 537 532 495
4.03 4.88 4.09 * 4.12 4.78 4.62 4.25
124 123 130 126 129 122 125 127
137 130 139 131 134 129 133 134
149 146 149 141 146 138 144 145
166 163 163 155 160 152 158 159
186 173 190 174 175 175 176 179
204 184 208 190 188 191 192 192
216 201 225 203 202 215 217 212
222 212 227 201 199 213 213 213
223 214 229 206 204 218 218 217
230 213 232 207 212 222 221 221
230 216 235 209 212 221 219 222
232 216 235 211 214 221 221 222
233 218 235 211 213 222 221 221
230 220 232 213 212 221 222 222
229 220 234 212 215 224 224 226
233 225 233 217 216 224 224 227
233 226 235 218 216 227 228 227
237 234 238 222 217 230 231 225
241 237 236 219 216 229 230 224
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
866
Table B.1.1.2 Contd.
Year/
month
Chennai
Coimbatore Coonoor
Madurai Salem Tiruchira-pally
Base Year 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 * *
L. Factor 5.05 5.35 4.80 5.27 59 60 61 62 63 64
I- Base-1982=100 1991 208 197 217 209 198 215
1992 238 228 245 240 223 240 1993 258 245 262 256 241 259
1994 287 272 291 281 287 295
1995 330 303 325 318 322 330 1996 356 330 348 346 348 364
1997 382 354 377 366 364 406 1998 425 383 404 401 394 435
1999 446 402 414 423 414 463 2000 475 432 433 440 432 481
2001 487 441 445 446 443 488
2002 513 472 473 459 464 533 2003 533 495 497 482 483 568
2004 549 500 501 496 482 544 2005 565 508 511 509 481 579
II. Base 2001=100 Linking. Factor with previous base 1982=100
4.95 4.49 4.58 4.51 4.45 5.01
2006 118 119 115 116 114 119
2007 124 127 122 121 122 126
2008 135 137 134 134 134 141
2009 149 151 148 147 151 156
2010 161 166 168 162 163 174
2011 171 176 182 174 172 184
2012 May 192 188 204 194 191 204
June 197 189 203 199 193 207
July 200 192 207 200 193 213
Aug 201 196 208 199 192 214
Sept 202 198 209 200 193 213
Oct 200 202 208 203 197 216
Nov 203 207 211 207 201 221
Dec 206 209 212 209 200 218
2013 Jan 209 212 214 211 200 220
Feb 211 208 215 211 202 226
Mar 209 210 215 211 209 231
Apr 210 213 220 212 213 229
May 218 216 226 218 217 230
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
867
Tripura Agra Ghaziabad Kanpur Lucknow Varanasi Asansol
Darjeeling
1961= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100
4.37 * * 4.69 5.12 4.77 4.55
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
217 210 216 222 234 206 199 239 229 237 243 255 223 218 257 239 247 256 268 238 232 273 262 266 278 289 260 255 301 289 295 307 312 284 271 321 313 321 328 347 307 292 337 334 347 351 371 322 304 383 384 406 411 450 381 355 409 398 440 428 473 400 384 416 403 448 428 466 412 382 424 418 467 447 477 431 393 435 435 475 459 486 456 399 568 438 493 471 504 472 423 460 480 519 489 531 491 431 468 514 555 520 571 509 440
4.17 4.36 4.78 4.50 * 4.96 4.37 3.80
115 128 125 125 121 122 124 120
123 136 132 132 129 131 138 130
131 146 142 141 144 142 151 142
144 168 159 158 163 160 171 153
156 193 182 183 185 183 195 170
167 208 198 200 195 194 211 184
173 216 207 210 200 203 226 192
175 216 205 209 198 205 226 192
175 217 208 211 203 209 230 193
178 222 211 216 208 212 231 195
181 227 215 222 209 216 239 200
185 227 218 221 209 214 241 203
187 228 221 221 208 215 242 204
185 225 218 221 212 217 243 204
185 230 218 222 212 218 243 204
182 229 220 225 217 219 246 205
182 230 222 226 217 221 244 204
184 233 228 228 220 223 247 211
190 235 223 230 219 221 248 211
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
868
Table B.1.1.2 Concld.
Year/
month
Durgapur
Haldia Howrah Jalpaiguri Kolkata Raniganj Siliguri Base Year 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960= 100 1960=
100
L. Factor * * 4.12 4.16 4.74 4.40 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
I- Base-1982=100 1991 221 228 230 199 218 201 1992 242 248 253 221 238 218 1993 262 268 271 232 257 229 1994 286 288 293 252 280 249 1995 312 328 323 280 312 274 1996 346 359 346 299 340 298 1997 368 385 364 312 359 314 1998 430 433 439 379 416 357 1999 443 464 482 399 437 373 2000 472 481 499 400 451 380 2001 509 533 519 407 492 399 2002 553 582 542 417 530 416 2003 564 590 556 421 541 426 2004 581 608 587 440 565 450 2005 592 624 620 452 587 471
II. Base 2001=100
Linking. Factor with previous
base 1982=100 5.13 5.64 5.42 3.96 5.12 4.02 *
2006 121 116 121 117 121 124 124
2007 130 124 130 125 132 132 135
2008 140 131 139 136 142 140 144
2009 155 144 154 150 156 156 156
2010 178 161 171 167 172 169 173
2011 193 185 183 179 185 180 187
2012 May 207 208 197 189 197 193 195
June 207 211 202 190 200 195 195
July 225 216 201 192 202 199 200
Aug 224 217 203 193 202 199 201
Sept 226 217 206 200 205 201 201
Oct 228 219 207 204 207 203 207
Nov 230 219 207 205 210 204 208
Dec 230 219 205 201 209 203 207
2013 Jan 248 223 205 205 208 203 207
Feb 247 223 207 205 209 203 203
Mar 252 224 206 206 210 204 207
Apr 255 226 212 212 214 207 208
May 256 228 213 212 218 211 208
* No Linking Factor as these centres were not covered in any of the earlier series Linking Factor - Figures on previous base : 1982=100 and 1960=100 (General Index) can be obtained by multiplying the index numbers of new base: 2001=100 by the respective linking factors given against each centre and rounding off the result to the nearest whole number.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
869
1.2 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers
Table B.1.2.1 (a)-Year-wise All India Average Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural
Labourers ( General & Food on Base:1986-87=100 ) Year/
Month
Annual Average Indices for
Agricultural
Year
Twelve
Monthly
moving average
of General
Index
Financial Year Calendar Year
General
Index
Food
Index
General
Index
Food
Index
Year General
Index
Food
Index
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1995-96 240 @ 242 @ - 237
@@
239
@@
1995 239$ 242$
1996-97 260 264 - 256 260 1996 249 253 1997-98 269 269 - 264 264 1997 262 262 1998-99 299 305 - 293 299 1998 287 293 1999-2000 309 314 - 306 312 1999 304 310 2000-2001 304 299 - 305 303 2000 307 307 2001-2002 311 304 - 309 302 2001 307 300 2002-2003 2003-2004
323 332
316 326
- -
318 331
312 325
2002 2003
315 328
308 322
2004-2005 342 335 - 340 333 2004 337 331 2005-2006 358 351 - 353 345 2005 348 341 2006-2007 388 384 - 380 376 2006 372 366 2007-2008 2008-2009
417 462
416 464
- -
409 450
406 452
2007 2008
402 439
400 440
2009-2010 530 540 - 513 522 2009 494 500 2010-2011 577 582 564 572 2010 553 562 2011-2012 622 610 611 602 2011 602 598 2012-2013 672 658 2012 652 638 2011-2012 May 638 621 618 June 2012-2013
646 630 622
July 656 643 627 August 666 654 631 September 673 663 636 October 680 668 641 November 685 672 647 December 688 674 652 January 694 679 659 February 700 686 665 March 704 689 672 April 711 695 678 May 719 704 685 Note: -(i) Agricultural Year ( July to June ). (ii) Financial Year ( April to March ). (iii) New series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers on Base:
1986-87=100 released w.e.f. November, 1995. To obtain indices on Base : 1960-61=100, the index figures need to be multiplied by the linking factor as below :- General Index – 5.89
Food Index – 6.38 @ = Average based on 8 months i.e. Nov., 95 to June, 96 only. @@ = Average based on 5 months i.e. Nov., 95 to March, 96 only $ = Average based on 2 months i.e. Nov., 95 and Dec., 95 only.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
870
Table B.1.2.1 ( b)-Year-wise All India Average Consumer Price Index Numbers or Rural Labourers ( General & Food on Base:1986-87=100 )
Year/
Month
Annual Average Indices for
Agricultural
Year
Twelve
Monthly
moving average
of General
Index
Financial Year Calendar Year
General
Index
Food
Index
General
Index
Food
Index
Year General
Index
Food
Index
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1995-96 240@ 242@ - 238
@@
240
@@
1995 239$ 242$
1996-97 260 264 - 256 260 1996 250 253
1997-98 270 270 - 266 265 1997 263 263
1998-99 299 305 - 294 300 1998 288 293
1999-2000 310 313 - 307 311 1999 305 310
2000-2001 306 300 - 307 303 2000 308 307
2001-2002 313 305 - 311 303 2001 309 302
2002-2003 325 317 - 321 312 2002 318 309
2003-2004 335 327 - 333 326 2003 331 323
2004-2005 344 335 - 342 333 2004 340 332
2005-2006 360 352 - 355 346 2005 351 341
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
389
418
462
529
577
623
384
416
463
541
582
611
-
-
-
-
382
409
451
513
564
611
673
376
406
452
523
573
603
660
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
373
403
440
494
552
602
654
366
399
440
500
563
599
640 2011-2012 May 640 624 619 June 2012-2013
648 632 623
July 658 645 628 August 667 656 632 September 675 665 638 October 681 671 643 November 686 674 648 December 689 677 654 January 695 681 660 February 701 687 667 March 705 691 673 April 711 697 680 May 720 706 686 Note: -(i) Agricultural Year ( July to June ). (ii) Financial Year (April to March).
(iii) New series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Rural Labourers on Base: 1986-
87=100 was introduced for the first time w.e.f. November, 1995.
@ = Average based on 8 months i.e. Nov., 95 to June, 96 only.
@@ = Average based on 5 months i.e. Nov., 95 to March, 96 only
$ = Average based on 2 months i.e. Nov., 95 and Dec., 95 only.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
871
Table B.1.2.2.(a)-State-wsie Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Agricultural Labourers ( General Index on Base: 1986-87=100 )
Agricultural
Year/Month
Andhra
Pradesh
Assam Bihar Gujarat Haryana Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir
Karnataka
Linking factor 4.84 b 6.22 5.34 * * 5.98 5.81
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1995-96 @ 243 244 223 241 235 220 226 251
1996-97 268 259 250 254 265 240 252 266
1997-98 282 281 252 270 278 256 269 276
1998-99 309 311 285 297 306 283 303 306
1999-2000 318 323 300 310 312 294 323 316
2000-2001 317 322 282 314 313 292 326 302
2001-2002 328 320 290 320 322 298 331 309
2002-2003 342 330 299 332 329 308 344 325
2003-2004
2004-2005
347
357
343
347
311
324
339
350
341
359
321
325
345
348
341
340
2005-2006 371 362 347 369 376 343 359 341
2006-2007 401 388 384 403 403 367 392 367
2007-2008 430 417 411 424 447 376 413 406
2008-2009 484 451 446 459 498 406 453 458
2009-2010 552 520 500 538 588 455 524 535
2010-2011 603 580 532 583 642 484 568 595
2011-2012 668 622 552 627 690 513 608 665
2011-2012
May 682 648 564 646 711 531 627 691
June
2012-2013
689 652 574 652 721 530 628 696
July 693 665 587 661 730 538 639 702
August 697 670 595 669 743 546 645 706
September 703 674 603 676 757 555 654 713
October 710 681 609 677 756 556 660 725
November 718 682 611 683 759 559 665 739
December 725 681 610 683 763 556 669 746
January 734 688 619 691 765 554 676 758
February 749 691 627 698 773 556 682 765
March 752 688 634 707 775 555 688 767
April 758 686 640 718 784 557 689 775
May 771 692 629 726 788 560 694 792
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
872
Table B.1.2.2.(a)-Concld.
Agricultural
Year/Month
Kerala Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Orissa
Linking factor 6.56 6.04 5.85 * * 6.05
1 10 11 12 13 14 15
1995-96 @ 259 237 248 244 252 236
1996-97 281 261 256 252 264 254
1997-98 292 273 266 268 282 262
1998-99 305 300 291 292 321 289
1999-2000 312 313 304 312 338 316
2000-2001 321 310 303 316 346 304
2001-2002 321 310 306 304 351 300
2002-2003 330 318 321 300 343 298
2003-2004
2004-2005
342
351
318
330
335
350
308
310
350
360
314
320
2005-2006 356 352 368 328 382 334
2006-2007 374 388 402 337 410 365
2007-2008 403 412 432 367 439 400
2008-2009 454 459 475 407 484 438
2009-2010 496 525 562 455 540 495
2010-2011 562 569 619 527 576 538
2011-2012 601 615 691 594 633 562
2011-2012
May 609 630 709 613 658 577
June
2012-2013
610 636 715 618 664 590
July 618 648 730 625 672 600
August 624 662 745 628 683 610
September 630 668 749 629 698 612
October 640 675 756 631 704 620
November 652 673 763 633 708 625
December 661 676 768 632 709 626
January 670 679 759 634 711 632
February 676 684 761 642 713 636
March 686 688 763 644 715 638
April 698 691 764 650 713 645
May 708 699 773 658 725 657
Note:- Agricultural Year ( July to June )
@ = Average based on 8 months i.e. from November, 1995 to June, 1996 only.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
873
Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
c 6.15 5.67 * 6.60 5.73
16 17 18 19 20 21
244 238 246 220 232 230
263 261 261 240 264 247
278 268 264 263 268 259
306 290 291 312 298 308
314 310 302 331 307 303
316 311 299 324 301 292
326 309 311 322 312 303
331 325 344 325 323 305
343
355
323
346
349
347
326
337
331
343
321
333
380 377 355 351 371 342
417 413 371 383 408 365
448 439 403 407 433 395
501 490 455 433 469 432
586 573 514 466 535 504
624 608 565 514 566 561
685 668 605 548 595 592
710 688 627 562 609 600
713
692 635 565 621 612
726 701 638 571 638 625
739 717 644 572 653 636
743 728 653 581 672 641
749 734 662 590 674 647
752 739 666 589 671 651
749 746 681 588 667 652
755 758 686 587 671 660
760 765 696 583 676 658
765 768 709 591 677 658
772 773 722 592 681 663
775 776 733 597 684 682
* = Indices for the State compiled and published for the first time w.e.f. November, 1995.
b & c = To obtain linking factors for Assam and Punjab on Base 1986-87=100, please consult
article published in February, 1996 issue of the Indian Labour Journal.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
874
Table B.1.2.2 (b).-State-wise Labour Bureau’s Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for
Rural Labourers ( General Index Base: 1986-87=100 )
Agricultural
Year/Month
Andhra
Pradesh_
Assam Bihar Gujarat Haryana Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir
Karnataka
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1995-96 @ 244 243 223 241 237 221 225 250
1996-97 269 258 250 254 266 240 250 266
1997-98 282 278 254 270 279 258 266 276
1998-99 309 310 287 298 306 284 297 306
1999-2000 318 321 302 311 312 295 316 316
2000-2001 318 321 284 315 314 294 319 304
2001-2002 328 320 292 322 323 304 324 311
2002-2003 343 330 301 333 330 314 337 326
2003-2004
2004-2005
348
357
344
348
313
326
341
351
342
361
326
331
340
344
341
340
2005-2006 371 364 348 371 378 350 359 341
2006-2007 401 390 384 403 404 377 393 367
2007-2008 429 419 412 425 445 388 413 407
2008-2009 482 454 447 460 495 420 451 459
2009-2010 550 524 500 538 583 474 521 534
2010-2011 599 583 532 583 638 503 564 594
2011-2012 665 625 555 626 685 535 602 665
2011-2012
May 680 651 567 646 706 552 619 691
June
2012-2013
687 654 577 652 715 553 620 695
July 692 667 590 660 724 561 632 701
August 696 673 598 668 736 571 638 704
September 702 677 606 675 750 577 649 712
October 709 685 612 676 750 580 655 723
November 717 687 614 681 753 586 660 736
December 724 685 612 682 757 582 666 744
January 733 693 622 690 759 578 674 754
February 747 695 630 697 768 581 681 763
March 751 692 637 706 769 582 687 765
April 757 690 643 715 779 587 687 772
May 769 696 633 723 781 592 692 789
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
875
Kerala Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Orissa
10 11 12 13 14 15
260 239 247 245 250 236
284 262 256 253 263 254
294 274 266 268 281 262
306 300 291 293 319 289
314 314 303 312 336 315
324 313 303 317 343 304
324 314 307 304 348 300
332 323 321 301 340 299
343
352
324
336
336
350
309
311
349
358
314
320
359 358 368 328 379 335
378 392 400 338 408 366
404 415 428 368 436 400
456 463 470 407 481 439
502 532 557 456 535 496
566 576 613 529 572 538
604 622 683 596 629 563
613 639 703 614 654 579
615 645 708 619 659 591
622 657 722 626 667 601
628 670 738 629 678 611
634 676 743 630 692 612
644 684 750 632 698 621
655 682 757 634 702 626
664 687 762 633 702 627
673 689 754 636 706 632
679 693 756 644 707 636
689 696 758 646 710 639
697 699 759 652 708 646
707 709 768 660 720 658
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
876
Table B.1.2.2 (b) - Concld.
Agricultural
Year/Month
Punjab Rajasthan Tamil
Nadu
Tripura Uttar
Pradesh
West
Bengal
1 16 17 18 19 20 21
1995-96 @ 247 239 244 219 231 232
1996-97 265 262 260 237 262 248
1997-98 281 270 265 261 267 260
1998-99 309 292 290 308 297 309
1999-2000 317 310 301 328 307 304
2000-2001 320 312 299 318 303 293
2001-2002 330 311 311 316 316 305
2002-2003 336 326 343 318 326 308
2003-2004
2004-2005
347
359
323
345
348
348
318
329
335
346
324
336
2005-2006 384 375 355 344 372 346
2006-2007 419 412 370 373 409 368
2007-2008 449 438 402 399 434 398
2008-2009 501 486 452 429 469 435
2009-2010 585 567 509 462 532 506
2010-2011 622 600 559 512 563 564
2011-2012 681 661 603 547 597 597
2011-2012
May 707 683 625 559 612 608
June
2012-2013
709
687 634 562 623 619
July 722 696 637 570 640 632
August 733 712 643 572 654 642
September 736 723 652 581 671 647
October 742 727 661 591 673 654
November 745 733 664 591 670 658
December 743 738 678 589 666 659
January 748 749 683 587 671 666
February 753 755 693 581 675 665
March 757 758 704 587 676 664
April 763 760 716 589 681 669
May 768 764 727 592 684 689
Note: – Agricultural Year ( July to June )
@ = Average based on 8 months i.e. from November, 1995 to June, 1996 only.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
877
1.3. Urban Non-Manual Employees’ Consumer Price Index
Table B.1.3. All India Consumer Price Index Numbers for Urban Non-Manual Employees
(Base: 1984-85=100)
Year/Month General Index
1 2
1990 156
1991 177
1992 199
1993 212
1994 231
1995 254
1996 276
1997 297
1998 330
1999 348
2000 366
2001 386
2002 402
2003 416
2004 432
2005 451
2006 478
2007 509
2008 548
2009 612
2010 687
Consumer Price Index for Rural and Urban Areas on base: 2010=100*
Year/Month Rural Urban
General Index General Index
2012 May 119.1 117.1
June 120.5 118.5
July 122.6 119.9
August 124.3 121.1
September 125.6 121.9
October 126.6 122.6
November 126.9 123.4
December 126.8 124
2013 January 127.3 124.9
February 128.1 125.8
March 128.3 126.5
April 128.7 127.4
May 129.8 128.4
* New series of CPI has been introduced w.e.f. Jan., 2011.
Source: Central Statistical Organisation, New Delhi.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
878
1.4. Wholesale Price Index
Table B.1.4 – Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices in India
Year/
Month
All
Commodities
I. Primary Articles II. Fuel Power
Light and
Lubricants All Food
Articles
Non-Food
Articles
Minerals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I Base 1981-1982=100
1991 201.4 210.0 230.3 221.8 112.1 193.3 1992 224.7 233.2 266.8 231.6 115.5 219.3 1993 242.1 245.3 281.8 238.5 128.5 254.3 1994 267.4 273.7 303.6 285.5 141.6 278.3 1995 292.4 301.4 331.1 322.1 151.5 284.1 1996 309.0 320.7 362.7 327.0 156.4 311.2 1997 325.6 335.5 384.3 335.1 160.9 355.8 1998 348.2 371.9 431.8 368.2 163.7 380.7 1999 360.3 388.1 454.3 378.9 168.8 403.0
II Base 1993-94=100
2000 152.8 161.5 170.0 144.6 110.2 196.0 2001 160.7 167.0 174.3 152.6 118.4 224.8 2002 164.7 171.7 178.6 158.6 119.4 234.9 2003 173.4 180.0 181.0 182.4 118.3 250.6 2004 184.9 187.5 185.1 190.7 223.8 273.5 2005 193.7 191.3 192.4 180.2 298.6 300.8 2006 203.0 203.4 205.6 182.6 397.4 322.2 2007 212.8 220.8 220.0 206.1 430.1 322.9 2008 232.2 243.0 234.6 234.4 616.4 354.5 2009 237.0 264.0 264.0 237.2 605.9 334.3
III Base: 2004-05 = 100
2010 140.1 175.9 174.6 155.9 244.0 144.2
2011 153.4 197.1 190.4 183.1 299.2 163.3
2012May 163.9 215.0 206.1 198.8 344.4 178.9 June 164.7 215.0 209.4 194.1 326.6 181.1 July 165.8 219.1 212.4 199.7 336.5 179.5 Aug 167.3 221.8 211.8 207.4 356.6 181.7
Sept. 168.8 221.6 213.1 203.2 352.2 188.5 Oct. 168.5 219.4 212.7 198.8 339.8 189.8
Nov. 168.8 221.1 213.8 201.4 344.7 188.7 Dec. 168.8 219.9 211.2 203.5 347.0 190.4
2013 Jan. 170.3 223.6 214.7 206.9 353.6 193.4
Feb 170.9 224.4 215.4 206.8 357.8 195.5
Mar 170.6 223.6 214.3 206.9 357.4 195.9
Apr 171.5 228.0 219.8 209.7 355.0 194.6
May 171.6 229.3 223.1 208.5 346.5 192
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
879
III Manufactured Products
All Food
Products
Beverages
Tobacco &
Tobacco
Products
Textiles Wood &
Wood
Products
Paper &
Paper
Products
Leather &
leather
Products
Rubber
& Plastic
Products
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
198.1 201.1 258.1 183.4 159.5 251.1 234.9 167.9
220.8 221.1 288.7 198.4 273.8 301.0 227.4 183.3
238.0 240.1 302.4 212.7 366.3 324.5 240.1 189.2
261.7 264.4 332.4 246.9 414.6 330.8 256.7 195.3
288.8 278.4 367.9 287.9 438.3 362.3 274.7 228.3
301.9 289.5 387.3 303.0 445.5 377.4 280.6 242.5
314.2 316.4 430.7 307.8 474.8 371.6 287.1 245.5
328.7 340.0 471.5 318.6 598.2 382.7 296.8 247.4
336.6 344.8 501.4 321.2 622.3 395.1 312.2 245.5
140.2 147.2 177.1 118.6 185.1 159.5 151.8 125.3 144.2 144.9 190.7 120.5 172.5 174.1 144.0 125.8 146.6 150.8 202.7 120.0 178.8 172.9 131.0 130.6
154.0 163.0 205.0 128.3 179.2 173.8 142.3 134.4 164.3 173.5 212.8 137.5 179.5 173.7 152.4 135.1 170.6 176.2 223.8 129.7 187.5 177.1 166.0 137.4 176.3 180.7 238.6 131.6 204.7 188.0 162.0 145.4 185.5 186.9 262.9 132.2 215.5 193.6 166.2 156.0 201.2 205.2 287.5 135.8 229.3 200.3 167.2 165.4 205.9 233.6 305.5 143.3 236.8 204.3 166.7 168.6
128.1 140.9 143.1 115.3 147.5 123.1 127.6 123.2
137.5 149.1 159.4 128.8 157.7 130.8 128.3 132.9
144.6 156.9 170.7 129.9 166.5 134.2 132.8 135.8
145.3 157.6 171.3 130.2 167.8 134.5 133.0 135.9
146.1 160.8 171.8 130.0 170.9 134.7 135.1 136.7
147.2 164.9 174.9 130.7 171.2 135.6 135.1 137.2
148.0 167.3 176.0 131.8 171.0 136.3 134.5 137.7
147.9 166.7 177.2 131.8 171.2 136.5 134.3 137.7
148.0 166.6 176.9 132.2 172.9 137.0 133.1 137.8
148.0 166.7 177.1 132.5 173.5 137.7 135.1 138.6
148.5 166.6 178.4 132.2 173.9 139.4 134.5 139.2
148.6 166.7 178.5 132.8 173.4 139.4 134.1 139.3
148.4 164.9 178.1 132.7 173.5 140.0 134.3 139.4
148.7 165.8 181.2 133.6 174.0 140.0 135.1 139.5
149.1 167.1 181.9 135.0 174.3 140.7 136.1 139.7
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
880
Table B.1.4 Concld.
Year/ Month III Manufactured Products
Chemicals &
Chemical
Products
Non-metallic
Mineral
Products
Basic Metals
Alloys & Metal
Products
Machinery &
Machine tools
Transport
Equipment and
parts
1 16 17 18 19 20
I Base 1981-82=100
1991 162.4 208.7 231.8 200.4 197.1
1992 186.7 229.4 250.9 226.8 215.5
1993 204.8 248.3 270.8 235.8 222.1
1994 225.1 270.9 293.1 254.6 234.4
1995 246.7 305.4 324.4 280.2 250.5
1996 257.3 331.0 337.4 292.0 263.4
1997 267.3 341.3 346.6 299.4 272.7
1998 277.1 351.0 352.4 303.0 283.1
1999 289.9 369.0 357.6 307.6 295.4
II Base 1993-94=100
2000 161.9 128.4 139.1 120.2 141.1
2001 168.4 145.6 140.9 128.5 146.5
2002 172.0 142.6 143.2 130.0 147.9
2003 176.9 146.7 160.1 132.0 147.0
2004 180.1 154.9 195.5 137.7 152.1
2005 186.9 167.1 218.8 146.1 159.0
2006 192.5 186.4 225.0 152.7 161.8
2007 201.3 204.8 244.6 164.9 164.9
2008 218.2 215.5 285.5 173.4 174.4
2009 224.9 221.9 257.4 172.7 175.6
III Base: 2004-05 = 100 2010 122.1 143.6 137.3 120.3 119.4 2011 132.1 150.3 152.3 124.2 123.6
2012 May 141.4 159.9 166.3 127.0 127.3 June 141.9 161.3 166.8 127.7 128.2 July 142.6 162.8 166.6 128.2 128.8 Aug 143.4 164.5 166.5 128.3 129.1
Sept. 144.0 164.5 167.1 128.4 129.9 Oct. 144.2 164.0 166.6 128.6 130.3
Nov. 144.1 163.1 166.5 128.8 130.8 Dec. 144.5 162.4 165.4 128.9 131.2
2013 Jan. 145.6 164.8 165.3 129.3 131.4 Feb 145.8 165.6 165.1 129.3 132.0
Mar 145.5 167.7 164.8 129.5 132.3
Apr 145.8 166.6 164.3 129.6 132.4
May 146.1 164.8 163.8 130.1 132.1
Note : Linking factor for deriving the General Indices on base: 1981-82=100 to Base 1993-94 is
2.478 and from base 1993-94=100 to base 2004-05 is for All commodities = 1.873, Primary
article =1.881, Fuel & Power = 2.802, Manufactured products = 1.663
Source: Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
881
2. WAGES AND EARNINGS
Table B.2.1 – Earnings (Basic Wage, Dearness Allowances) of the Lowest Paid Workers/
Operatives in Cotton Textile Mills for the month of May, 2013.
Year/ Month
Ahmedabad Bangalore Vadodara Mumbai Coimbatore & Chennai
1 2 3 4 5 6
1985 793.15 876.48 766.00 874.54 934.21
1990 1147.88 1379.74 1118.89 1313.78 1507.45
1995 1825.00 2397.19 1792.94 2237.85 2740.68
1996 1996.05 2591.10 1963.43 2389.95 2953.13
1997 2155.88 2840.36 2122.65 2622.11 3178.79
1998 2348.78 3073.17 2314.56 2958.08 3523.80
1999 2543.10 3199.73 2507.78 3084.01 3732.75
2000 2646.28 3353.44 2610.72 3294.36 3954.97
2001 2751.31 3451.66 2715.14 3455.99 4062.23
2002 2849.90 3567.03 2799.20 3642.14 4287.30
2003 2930.80 3749.72 2891.41 3811.69 4438.76
2004 3019.05 3944.89 2981.75 3941.44 4583.10
2005 3100.05 4191.63 3062.36 3996.49 4726.11
2006 3273.76 4447.32 3235.24 4227.16 4859.40
2007 3539.73 4821.78 3490.90 4472.78 5137.83
2008 3767.74 5275.10 3726.69 4799.79 5559.81
2009 4076.37 5903.63 4034.08 5267.03 6164.64
2010 4623.52 6431.40 4579.07 5782.10 6648.95
2011 5054.33 6880.72 5007.73 6369.27 7065.77
2012 5554.74 7469.64 5505.81 7023.55 8065.37
2012 May 5514.42 7457.76 5465.42 6951.47 7895.30
June 5541.37 7565.33 5492.34 6951.47 7978.60
July 5622.20 7529.06 5573.11 7084.54 8186.85
Aug. 5622.20 7671.66 5573.11 7151.08 8311.80
Sept. 5703.03 7494.03 5653.88 7217.62 8353.45
Oct. 5812.03 7529.06 5761.57 7317.42 8395.10
Nov. 5865.92 7671.66 5815.42 7383.96 8311.80
Dec. 5838.98 7850.53 5788.49 7417.23 8436.75
2013 Jan. 5865.92 7814.26 5815.42 7450.49 8561.70
Feb. 5892.87 7956.86 5842.34 7483.76 8686.65
Mar. 6027.59 8064.43 5976.95 7550.30 8769.60
Apr. 6082.70 8135.73 6030.80 7616.84 8686.65
May 6082.70 8420.93 6030.80 7650.11 8728.30
N.B.- Yearly figures indicate average of twelve calendar months and the monthly figures relate
to a standard month of 26 days.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
882
Table B.2.1 concld.
Year/ Month
Delhi Indore Kanpur Nagpur Solapur Kolkata
1 7 8 9 10 11 12
1985 734.12 755.14 824.70 658.96 723.32 814.33
1990 1070.33 1143.01 1232.60 956.25 1045.37 1195.16
1995 1739.63 1810.43 1949.70 1520.00 1744.67 1887.30
1996 1831.84 1970.78 2078.29 1638.04 1889.84 2099.53
1997 2013.39 2061.69 2243.55 1794.01 1981.08 2229.42
1998 2307.43 2256.09 2553.60 1988.73 2249.74 2452.04
1999 2524.99 2466.82 2743.61 2140.61 2399.14 2728.51
2000 2693.26 2540.94 2750.02 2195.02 2474.53 2796.11
2001 2775.73 2675.21 2839.01 2322.34 2489.57 2964.03
2002 2881.49 2792.85 2931.94 2383.55 2572.85 3292.82
2003 2981.47 2912.04 2995.84 2422.82 2636.12 3347.73
2004 3113.99 2986.63 3112.39 2496.74 2789.17 3478.77
2005 3350.68 3057.48 3279.56 2637.64 2841.65 3599.75
2006 3544.08 3255.16 3592.54 2338.85 2239.55 3797.02
2007 * 3474.05 3833.84 3097.41 * 4097.84
2008 * 3676.41 4062.10 3318.05 * 4420.66
2009 * 3939.07 4487.57 3726.56 * 4775.49
2010 * 4418.29 5238.85 4391.43 * 5362.25
2011 * 4748.82 5731.94 4800.80 * 5755.50
2012 * 5189.95 6104.54 5212.98 * 6134.40
2012 May * 5044.39 5976.96 5098.46 * 5938.98
June * 5044.39 6090.36 5134.99 * 5938.98
July * 5247.66 6062.01 5185.58 * 5938.98
Aug. * 5247.66 6118.71 5251.15 * 6286.02
Sept * 5247.66 6261.81 5324.22 * 6286.02
Oct. * 5458.79 6403.56 5404.78 * 6286.02
Nov. * 5458.79 6431.91 5476.91 * 6454.29
Dec. * 5458.79 6403.56 5513.44 * 6454.29
2013 Jan. * 5546.99 6403.56 5513.44 * 6454.29
Feb. * 5546.99 6403.56 5491.90 * 6633.07
Mar. * 5546.99 6431.91 5499.39 * 6633.07
Apr. * 5644.02 6518.31 5549.98 * 6633.07
May * 5644.02 6546.66 5608.99 * 6643.58
New series on Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on base 2001=100 has been
introduced w.e.f. the index of January 2006.
Centre linking factor on base 2001=100 is: Ahmedabad (4.62), Bangalore (4.51), Vadodara (4.39), Mumbai
(5.18), Coimbatore / Chennai (4.95), Delhi(5.60), Indore(4.73),Kanpur(4.50), Nagpur (4.68), Sholapur
(4.73) and Kolkata (5.12)
* Earning of Delhi and Sholapur Centres have been discontinued due to closure of Textile Mills.
Source: Monthly returns received from the selected centres.
Indian Labour Journal, August 2013
883
3. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
Table B.3.1- Industrial Disputes (All Strikes and Lockouts) during the period 2006 to 2013
Year Number of
Disputes Workers Involved Mandays Lost (‘000 )
1 2 3 4
2006
430 1810348 20324
2007
389 724574 27167
2008
421 1579298 17433
2009 345 1867204 17622
2010 371 1074473 23131
2011(P) 388 734503 14332
2012(P)
275 1223908 3174
2013(P)
(Jan. to May)
62 212985 855
(P) = Provisional and based on the returns /clarifications received in the Bureau till
28th
June, 2013
The art of being wise is the art of knowing
what to overlook.
-William James
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884
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INDIAN BOOK EXCHANGE
Registration No. “G 3/DL(N)-04/0008/2003-05”
Printed by the Printing Unit of Labour Bureau, Shimla
Editor I.S.Negi, Labour Bureau, Shimla and published by
Controller of Publications, Government of India,
Civil Lines, Delhi-110054