indian national movement...bombay and poona bal gangadhar tilak madras v.o. chidambarm pillai andhra...
TRANSCRIPT
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Indian national movement
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▪ Features
▪ Factors of rise of extremism
▪ Objectives and methods
▪ Programme of action
▪ Evaluations of Extremists
▪ Partition of Bengal
▪ Swadeshi Movement
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▪ Believed in capacity of masses- wanted to involve them in National politics
▪ Do not believe in Constitutional Agitation
▪ Has faith in Doctrine of Passive Resistance
▪ Leaders: Lokmanya Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh and Lala Lajpat Rai
▪ B.G. Tilak
▪ Born- Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra
▪ Journals: Maratha (English) and Kesari (Marathi)
▪ Festivals: Ganapati (1893) and Shivaji (1895)
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▪ Recognition of true nature of British rule
▪ Dissatisfaction with achievements of Moderates
▪ Worsening Economic situation
▪ Reaction to increasing westernization
▪ Contemporary International Influences
▪ The Conservative policy of Curzon
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▪ Tilak: Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.
▪ Swaraj- Complete independence from foreign control and full independence
▪ Passive resistance
▪ Mass agitation
▪ Strong will to make sacrifice
▪ To create passionate love for liberty, accompanied by a sprit of sacrifice and readiness to suffer for the cause of the country.
▪ To root out from the mind of the omnipotence of the ruler and instead give them self-reliance and confidence in their own strength.
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▪ To arouse hatred against the British rule in the minds of the people- propaganda in the press
▪ To remove from their minds the fear of unemployment and starvation and to instill in them feelings of intense love and devotion for the motherland
▪ To keep the enemy busy with the demonstrations and agitations
▪ Obtaining weapons in various ways
▪ Spreading dissatisfactions in Indian army units and preparing them for an armed rebellion
▪ Rising money by donations, free raids and dacoities.
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▪ Concepts like democracy, constitutionalism, and progress, call for complete independence
▪ Highlighted negative role of Britain in India
▪ New Slogans▪ Non-cooperation
▪ Passive resistance
▪ Mass agitation
▪ Self-reliance
▪ Discipline of suffering
▪ Partition of Bengal annulled in 1911
▪ Infused new spirit and boosted the confidence and spirit of self-assertion in the people
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▪ Motives
▪ Curb Bengali influence by placing them under two administration
▪ Create Hindu-Muslim tensions
▪ Partition announced: 18th July 1905
▪ Formally divided: 16th October 1905- Day of mourning, fasting and Rakhis
▪ Consequences:
▪ Anti-partition movement commenced – 7 August 1905
▪ Students, women also joined
▪ Swadeshi and Boycott became slogan
▪ Swadeshi Movement started by INC
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▪ 7 August 1905: meeting at Calcutta- formal proclamation
▪ Banaras Session-1905- G.K Gokhle- Swadeshi and Boycott for Bengal- Extremist wanted throughout India
▪ 1906- Calcutta Session- Dada Bhai Naoroji- declared Swaraj or self government like that of United Kingdom or the colonies
▪ 1907- Surat Split
▪ Different streams
▪ Mendicancy -1905
▪ Constructive Swadeshi - 1905
▪ Passive Resistance – 1906-07
▪ Terrorism - 1908
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Places Leaders
Bengal Ashwani Kumar Dutt
Delhi Syed Haider Reza
Punjab Lala Lajpat Rai; Ajit Singh
Bombay and Poona Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Madras V.O. Chidambarm Pillai
Andhra T. Prakasham; Krishna Rao
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▪ Beginning towards mass movement
▪ Boycott was the most effective movement for the first time
▪ Emphasized self-reliance or Atmasakti
▪ P.C. Roy- Bengal Chemical Factory
▪ V. O. Chidambarm Pillai – Swadeshi Steam and Navigation Company
▪ Emergence of no. of Volunteers
▪ Swadesh Bandhab Samiti- Ashwini Kumar Dutt
▪ Development of Nationalist Literature
▪ Amar Sonar Bangla- Rabindranath Tagore (Poem)
▪ Bharat Mata (Painting) – Abnindranath Tagore
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▪ Strict government action
▪ Surat split- 1907
▪ Suppression of Extremist leaders
▪ Pacifying the moderates
▪ Lacked an effective organisation and party structure
▪ Very logic of mass movement- can not be sustained endlessly
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▪ 1905- Banaras Session – G.K Gokhle
▪ 1906- Calcutta Session – Dadabhai Naoroji
▪ Swadeshi
▪ Swaraj
▪ National Education
▪ Boycott
▪ 1907- Surat Session – Rashbehari Ghosh
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▪ B.G. Tilak – Arrested in 1908 and sentenced to Mandalay Jail
▪ Bipin Chandra Pal – Retired from active politics
▪ Lala Lajpat Rai –Went to USA
▪ Ajit Singh – Deported to USA
▪ Aurobinda Gosh – Arrested in 1908. Tried in Alipore Conspiracy case but released-set up Ashram at Pondicherry
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▪ Morley-Minto Reform 1909
▪ Introduced election in India (indirect)
▪ One member in Viceroy Executive Council
▪ Separate electorate for Muslims
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▪ Attained by King George V and Queen Mary
▪ Partition of Bengal annualed
▪ Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
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