Ongoing Indian Participation in CERN Accelerator Programmes

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Novel Accelerator Technology (NAT)

Superconducting Proton LINAC(SPL) & Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)

Purushottam Shrivastava & P. D. Gupta

Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore

India and CERN : Visions for future collaboration(28th February and 01st March 2011)

BARC Multi Purpose Hall, Anushakti nagar, Mumbai

Outline of the Talk

• Accelerator activities: India-CERN CollaborationCooperation Agreement & ProtocolsMode of contributions

• Participation in Construction of Large Hadron ColliderHardware contributions Participation in commissioning Software development

• Beyond LHC : Novel Accelerator TechnologiesCompact Liner Collider (CLIC)- Starting with CTF3LINAC 4-Front end of Superconducting Proton LINAC (SPL) Supply of LEP RF equipment to India

• Further activities planned/envisaged

The 1991 Cooperation Agreement with CERN

The 1996 CERN-DAE Protocol for LHC Collaboration

Mode of Contribution to LHC

• India to make “in kind’ contribution to LHC which will be valued @ “European cost”

• CERN & DAE have adopted a “50% model”

– Half of “European cost” of an item is taken as “Indian contribution to LHC”;

– Other half credited by CERN to an “Indian Fund”, meant to support Indian scientists @ CERN & for other expenses.

• All the contributions to LHC to be administered through various addenda.

Indian Contribution to LHC

• Several institutes like BARC, RRCAT, VECC, IGCAR, ECIL, TIFR and several universities have contributed.

• Major delivery items and expertise include

– Hardware items

– Skilled manpower support for magnetic tests and measurements and help in commissioning LHC subsystems.

Contributed to setting up large detectors: ATLAS, CMS, LHC-B and ALICE

In all 28 addenda have been executed.

The major contributions were completed with the help of production at Indian Industries like ECIL, Hyderabad, Avasarala, Bangalore, IGTR, Indore etc.

DAE has provided subsystems & skilled manpower support of 44MCHF for LHC

India has been accorded “Observer State” status (2002)

(RRCAT is the Nodal DAE Institute for this Collaboration)

Completed Indian Contributions for LHC accelerator machine Qty1 50000 litres Liquid Nitrogen tanks. 2

2 Superconducting corrector magnets :

Sextupole (MCS)

Decapole and Octupole (MCDO)

1146

616

3 Precision Magnet Positioning System (PMPS) Jacks 7080

4 Quench Heater Power Supplies QHPS 5500

5 Integration of QHPS units into racks 6200

6 Control electronics for circuit breakers of energy extraction system 70

7 Local protection units (LPU) 1435

8 SC Dipole magnet measurements, expert support. 100 Man yrs.

9 Expert support for Commissioning LHC Hardware, like, Cryogenics, Controls, Power converters, Protection systems

Upto 20 Man yrs.

10 Data management/analysis software upgrade and projects 41 Man yrs. equivalent

11 Development of JMT-II software 12 Software dev -slow control of Industrial Systems of LHC

13 Design calculations for Vacuum system for beam dump line

14 Analysis of cryo-line jumper and magnet connections

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Superconducting corrector magnets :

Sextupole (MCS) &Decapole and Octupole (MCDO)

MCS and MCDO corrector magnets in Main Dipole Magnet of LHC

• Corrector Magnets were used to correct the systematic field errors of the LHC Main Dipole magnets.

• They share the same cryostate as that of Main Dipole.

• Their proper functioning is as important as Main Dipole.

Corrector Magnets ( 616 MCDO & 1146 MCS )

Quench Heater Power Supplies QHPS 5500 Nos

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

QHPS and LPUs installed in LHC tunnel

protection of super conducting magnets in LHC in case of magnet quench QHPS energize the heater strips inside the magnets. Mains power : 230V, 50 HzNominal charging voltage : 2x450VTime constant : 78 msCharging time : 25 minutesStored energy : 2.9 K JoulesTrigger : 12 V to 0 VPower consumption : 15 watts

Production by ECIL, Hyderabad under supervision of BARC

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Breaker Control modules

Brief technical specifications of DQLPUs: Detects the Quench and triggers the Quench Heater Power supplies Identifies the quenches in any state of the powering cycle of the accelerator. Quench detection at:

The magnitude of the Quench signal is more than 100 milli volts.The time duration is more than 10 milli seconds.

The DQLPU transfers the Quench data to the higher level LHC control system through data field bus link.Opens the interlocking current loop which initiates machine protection system. Production by ECIL, Hyderabad, India.

QHPS and LPUs installed in LHC tunnel

Local protection units (LPU) 1435 Nos.

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERNPrecision Magnet Positioning System (PMPS) Jacks 7080Nos.

Prototype jacks under String-2 at CERN.

Deflection of jack body under transverse load.

Industrialized with Avasarala, Bangalore and IGTR, Indore under RRCAT supervision.

Participation in the commissioning of Hardware subsystems of LHC

14

H/W Commissioning in LHC Tunnel• Participation in

• Hardware installation for quench

protection systems

• Test setup installations

• Cooling stations’ adjustments

• Attending to faulty components

15

Hardware Commissioning in the CERN Control Centre

Participation in powering tests for all the sectors of LHC

Powering of a group of supplies in sector 4-5

The Control Panels

The Profile of currents in Magnets

Indian Participation in LHC Commissioning

Cryogenic experts from RRCAT, participated in analysis of performance data generated during commissioning of LHC cryo-systems to help debug the deficiencies.

For example: a) Source of excessive frosting on the Distribution Feed Boxes.

b) Re-evaluation of safety valve size to withstand different accidental conditions

Racks ready for installation

Symmetrical Quench detector card programming

Splice detector

High voltage test set up

Testing of New Quench Protection System (nQPS) by Indian experts

5 officers experienced in QPS comm. were deputed at CERN for nQPS commissioning

nQPS racks functionally tested by Indian team @CERN.

Tests include:• Programming the boards• High Voltage test• Basic Communication• Power Cycle test• Interlock Test• Threshold and trigger test• Gain error & offset

measurement test. • Threshold and trigger test

Further participation in LHC commissioning

DAE-CERN Collaboration beyond LHC

• CERN’s Novel Accelerator Projects :

- Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)Test FacilityCERN is setting up CLIC Test facility CTF3 to test a concept in which a high intensity electron beam generates high microwave power at 12 GHz which in turn is used to accelerate another low intensity beam to high energy. This novel concept will reduce the size and cost of a linear collider significantly.

- Linac-4, the front end of Superconducting Proton Linac Linac-4 project is to develop a linear accelerator as a front end for the superconducting proton linac which is planned to upgrade the luminosity of LHC machine in future.

Participation in the above programs is highly beneficial to Indian accelerator projects.

• Grid Computing and LCG Activities

Indian presentation to Working Group on Scientific & Geographical Enlargement of CERN - 3 Sept 09

NAT envisions -DAE’s participation in CERN’s LINAC-4 & CLIC Test Facility-3 projects & CERN’s contribution to DAE’s programs by way of delivering hardware.

DAE CERN Collaboration Beyond LHC: Protocol for Development of Novel Accelerator Technologies, ‘NAT’

Drive Beam Injector

Drive Beam Accelerator X 2 Delay Loop

X 5 Combiner

Ring

Two-beamTest Area

3.5 A - 1.4 s150 MeV

150 MV/m30 GHz

16 structures - 3 GHz - 7 MV/m

30 GHz andPhoto injector test area

DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF

LIL -ACSLIL- ACS FD DF

DFD

DFD

DF F DF DFDF DF DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

LIL -ACSLIL - ACS FD DF LIL -ACSLIL - ACS FD DFFD DF

DFD

DFD

DFD

DFD

DF DFDUMP D F DD F D

FFDD

FFDDFFDD

D F DD F DDUMP D F DD F D

DUMPD F DD F D

1m wide passage all around

TBL

30 GHz Teststand

Probe beam injectorDUMPDUMP

DUMP

D F DD F D

F

F

D

F

F

D

D F DD F DDUMP ITB

Aim: Establish principle of a 3-5 TeV e+- e- Collider using (1) A “drive beam” to create 12 GHz RF source”(2) Extract RF power via PETS &

(3) Use RF power to accelerate e+-e- beams for collision.

India contributed to construction & commissioning of TL2 of CTF3

CLIC TEST FACILITY3 @ CERN

Addendum Details of the contribution Quantity Status

CTF3/B.1 Design, development and magnetic tests of short and long dipole magnets for TL2

2 Long (30.75°), 3 Short(17.2°)

Completed. All magnets received and installed at CERN.

CTF3/V.1 Design, Development and vacuum tests of Dipole vacuum chambers, straight vacuum chamber (Race track and circular profiles)

5 Dipole 31 Cylindrical 22 Race track 03 Cylindrical bent

Completed. All vacuum chambers received and installed at CERN.

CTF3/T.1 Optics design studies, simulations, analysis and results of TL 2 of CTF 3

9 Man months Completed.

CTF3/M.1 Expert support for of CTF3 controls commissioning

5 Man months Completed

CTF3/M.2

Expert support for commissioning and operation of control systems for CTF3

18 Man months Completed.

CTF3/M.3

Expert support for commissioning and operation of control systems for CTF3

18 Man months Began in Feb 2010. One officer deputed.

Contributions to CLIC/CTF3

Transport Line-3(TL3) Joining Booster Synchrotron to Indus-2 Transport Line 2 (TL2) for CTF3

Optics Design of TL2 & Participation in Commissioning

Vacuum chambers and dipole magnets for CTF3

Hardware & Software Development for TL2 of CTF3

• 5 dipole bending magnets• 62 Vacuum Chambers (Race track and round profiles) • Software for CTF3 controls

@ RRCAT @ CERN

Vacuum Chambers installed in TL2 of CTF 3 at CERN

Race Track Profile Vacuum Chambers installed

Circular Profile Vacuum Chambers installed

End part of TL2 entering TL2’ in CLEX

area at CERN CTF3 Site

Pictures of RRCAT built CTF3 hardware installed @CERN

Screenshot of Linac, Delay loop and Combiner ring orbits Display Screenshot of TL2 Orbits Display

Software development for CTF3 Controls

SPL (LINAC 4) Collaboration

INDIA: klystron power supplies, RF structures

CHINA: quadrupoles, magnets

SAUDI ARABIA: RF prototypes

H-source RFQ DTL

95 keV 3 MeV 40 MeV 90 MeV 160 MeV

chopper line CCDTL SCL transfer line to PSBLEBT

352 MHz 704 MHz

80 m

Envisaged collaboration in LINAC 4 :

Solid state modulators & components, RF waveguide components & structures, Alignment jacks, power couplers for DTL tanks, Vacuum pumps and controls units, Participation in commissioning of LINAC 4

Collaborations for R & D on Linac4

Courtesy: Maurizio Vretenar , CERN

Preliminary Schematic of High Energy Proton Linac

H- Ion Source RFQ MEBT DTL

DTL/SFDTL/SCRF SSR

50 keV 3 MeV 20 MeV 100 -150 MeV

LEBT

SCRF cavities

1GeV (or higher )

Super Conducting Proton LINAC Program at CERNSuper Conducting Proton LINAC Program at CERN

Addendum Details of the contribution Quantity Status

P074/ LEP. 1

Supply of LEP dismantled reusable RF components to DAE for use in SNS/ADS projects

4 Klystrons4 Circulators4 sets of Waveguide hardware

Two 1MW CW LEP klystrons received and tested at RRCAT.Two 352.2 MHz 1MW CW circulators received.

Third klystron delivered to BARC and fourth has arrived at RRCAT.Two more circulators expected to reach India.(March 2011)

LINAC4/KM.1

Design, development and supply of prototype 100kV, 20A solid state modulator for LINAC 4 project.

1 Completed as per Addendum Schedule. Modulator shipped and commissioned by RRCAT engineers at CERN . Final acceptance received. Invoice under preparations.

LINAC4/M.1

Expert support for commissioning & operation of LINAC 4

18 Man months One officer deputed for 3 months to work on LINAC 4 ion source commissioning.

Status of Contributions to LINAC 4

Contributions to LINAC 4

The pulse modulator was tested at full ratings and accepted by CERN team at RRCAT. This was shipped and integrated into CERN Test Stand and was commissioned by us and accepted by CERN. The addendum is completed.

Major Specifications:Voltage 100kVCurrent 20AmpPulse duration 800 µsecRepetition rate 2HzKlystron Arc limit 10 J

Prototype Solid state modulator for 1MW LEP Klystron was designed & developed by RRCAT for use in LINAC 4 DTL Test Stand & has been commissioned by RRCAT at CERN.

All Solid state hard switched Bouncer Klystron Modulator Scheme

Solid State Bouncer Modulator for LINAC 4 Project

RRCAT had proposed three types of designs :a)Conventional line type modulator b) Solid state modulator with bouncer circuit for droop compensation c) Solid state modulator with active droop compensation. The solid state design with droop compensation with bouncer was chose for development and prototyping.

The all solid state bouncer modulator for LEP 1 MW klystron for LINAC 4 project at CERN was successfully designed, developed and commissioned by RRCAT has been shipped and commissioned by RRCAT at CERN.

The contribution is completed as per commitment.

Modulator passed all tests and accepted by CERN.

Test Results of Modulator for LINAC 4

Results of acceptance tests at CERN. 100kV, 20A, 800 μsec, 2 Hz

• Commissioning of the 2 MHz RF multicusp H negative ion source. • Independent operation, testing and measurements of the 2 MHz RF

multicusp H negative ion source parameters.• Design study of electron dump with and without focusing effects using

solenoid coils to dump the electrons which are being extracted along with H negative ion beam using Opera-3D software.

Participation in commissioning of Ion-source of LINAC 4

Shipment of 1.3 MW klystrons from CERN for Indian ADS/SNS project

Third klystron (1.3MW, 352.2 MHz CW) delivered to BARC for LEHIPA Project

Forth klystron received at RRCAT in Dec 2010.

Two klystrons received earlier were tested to 1.3 MW pulsed output power at 352.2 MHz at high power tests stand developed at RRCAT. Two 1.3 MW circulators and waveguide components were received earlier

WR 2300 waveguide components & circulator.

100kV Solid state modulator developed at RRCAT

WR 2300 Waveguide transmission line with dummy loads

352.2 MHz, 1MW LEP Klystron

Directional coupler & Harmonic filter

1 MW 352.2 MHz Test Stand with LEP TH 2089 Klystron and 100kV All solid state bouncer modulator developed by RRCAT

CLIC/CTF3

1. PETS bars for CTF3.

2. Commissioning and software development for CTF3 controls.

SPL/LINAC4

1. Precisions stands/jacks for LINAC4 DTL tanks.

2. Waveguide components and couplers for LINAC4.

3. Vacuum components/pumps and control units for LINAC4.

4. Commissioning of LINAC4.

Items identified for further contributions

Extension of 1991 Cooperation agreement and related protocols in 2010

Extension of 1991 Cooperation agreement and related protocols in 2010

Extension of Cooperation Agreement and Protocols

• 1991 Co-operation Agreement, between the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) of the Government of India and CERN, concerning the future development of scientific and technical co-operation in the research projects of CERN which was valid till 28 March 2011 has been further extended to remain in force until 28 March 2016 and unless otherwise specified.. Shall continue to be in force until 28 March 2021.

• 1996 Protocol concerning participation in the Large Hadron Collider Project (LHC) (P002/LHC), which was valid till 28 March 2011 has been extended until 28 March 2016.

• Protocol concerning collaborative work in the framework of the development of computing and computational Grid technology for LHC at CERN (P060/LHC) which was valid till 31 December 2010 has been extended until 1 January 2016.

• The Protocol concerning the further development of Novel Accelerator Technologies (P074/LHC) shall remain in force automatically with the extension of the 1991 Co-operation Agreement.

Microwave Power Extraction and Transfer Structures For CTF3

• Power Extraction and Transfer Structures (PETS) extract power from drive beam and deliver this power to main accelerating sections to achieve upto 100MV/meter accelerating gradient. Crucial and high technology items for CTF3 success.

Typical assembly of 8 PETS without vacuum envelop

Microwave Power Extraction and Transfer Structures

Development of Prototypes in India

• Two 800 mm PETS bar fabricated at industry were sent to CERN. One of the bar made at Godrej has been accepted with some minor suggestions for improvements.

• Next prototype with corrections is under fabrication and will be sent to CERN for final qualifications in March/April.

Production of 64 such bars in India in envisaged after satisfactory acceptance of final prototype.

Prototype Sputter ion pumps and control units for LINAC 4

Sputter ion pump power supplies

LINAC 4 DTL power coupler prototype development at RRCAT

Pulsed Proton LINAC and SCRF related activities at RRCAT

Development of Frontend Components for H- Pulsed LINAC @ RRCAT

Plasma chamber for H- ion source

NdFeB magnets for generating multi-cusp

field geometry

Beam extraction chamber

This will house beam extraction electrodes

First segment of prototype 352.2 MHz

3MeV RFQ

Fabricated in Al to validate the design

Processing and Performance Evaluation of Single Cell 1.3 GHz SCRF Nb Cavity made by RRCAT

March 5, 2010Dec 17, 2010

Two single cell Nb cavities jointly developed by RRCAT and IUAC were sent to FNAL for processing and performance evaluation.

Initial performance evaluation in a Vertical Test Stand at 2K provided acceleration gradient of 21 MV/m.

Further processing of the cavity improved the accelerating gradient to 23 MV/m.

Development of Multi-Cell SCRF Cavity

• Fabrication of a prototype multi-cell (7cell) cavity in Nb with simple beam pipe has been taken up.

• Initially the fabrication for process development is started using Aluminum material.

End Cells Dumb-bells

Infrastructure installed

• Cavity forming facility

• Electro-polishing setup

• Centrifugal barrel polishing machine

• High pressure rinsing

Infrastructure for SCRF Cavity Development

Electro-polishing setup

Cavity forming facility

Centrifugal barrel polishing machine

High pressure rinsing Set up

3-D Model of 650MHz cryo-module in UGNX-4

Cross Section of 650 MHz Cryomodule

Modified Cavity Support System of 650MHz Cryomodule

Magnified view of the Cavity Support System of the

cryomodule

Testing of prototype of cryogenic support post in UTM at RRCAT.

3-D model of Horizontal Test Stand -2 a developed at RRCAT

Low RRR Nb End Group Fabricated at RRCAT

Indigenous Development for Helium Liquefier

On August 14, 2010, Helium liquefaction achieved for the first time in the country using indigenously developed system

• Produced more than 150 litres of Liquid Helium in its maiden run, with an average liquefaction rate of 6 lit/hr.

Temperature inside the container after J-T Valve

TX1

TX2

TX3

D1

L1

10mH

C1 5n

HF DC-ACCONVERTER-1

HF DC-ACCONVERTER-2

HF DC-ACCONVERTER-3

H.F. RECTIFIER

Fs=25 kHz

Fs=25 kHz

Fs=25 kHz

KLYSTRON

CONTROLLERO/P FEEDBACKCONVERTER

MODULES

1200 VDC BUS

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Next Step…..Advanced Solid state modulator design CONVERTER MODULATORS for pulsed proton LINAC

Parameters

Pulse width [ms] 1.0

Output voltage [kV] 100

Output current [A] 20

Repetition rate [pps] 50

Peak power [MW] 02

Solid state switch IGBT

DC link voltage [kV] 1.2

Rise and Fall time [µs] ~100

Flattop ripple [%] 0.5

FeaturesLoss less resonant switching of IGBT switches @ 25kHzPhase shifted operationEffective use of non ideal components of H.F. transformerVery low stored energy at the output filter (<20J)No need of Crowbar protectionModular designCompactness

Converter Modulator Output

Thank You!http://www.rrcat.gov.in/