INDIAN SPACE MISSION

INTRODUCTION

ISRO one of the leading space recearch organisation

in the world

ISRO is esrtablished in its modern form since“1969”

Dr:Vikram Sarabhai is considered as the father of

ISRO

The Indiannation committe for space recearch

(INCOSPAR) was found in 1962

LAUNCH VECHILE FLEET

1. SLV

2. ASLV

3. PSLV

4. GSLV

5. GSLV-II

SATLITE LAUNCHING VECHILE (SLV)

It is a four stage solid fuel light launcher

Intented to reach a height of 500 km

Carry a load of 40kg

First launch took place in 1979

AUGMENTED SATELLITE LAUNCH VECHILE (ASLV)

5 Stage solid propellant rocket

Capacity-150kg

This project was started by India during the early 1980s to develop technologies needed for a payload to be placed into ageostationary orbit

Its design was based on Satellite Launch Vehicle

POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VECHILE (PSLV)

It is developed to launch Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS)

The PSLV has four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately

It carries 138 tonnes of Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) bound propellant with a diameter of 2.8 m

Payload to LEO(low earth orbit) 3,250 kilograms (7,200 lb)

GEO SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE LAUNCH VECHILE (GSLV)

It is an expandable launch system

It is used to launch INSAT type satellite to geostationery orbit

The GSLV improved on the performance of the PSLV with the addition of liquid strap-on boosters and a cryogenic upper stage

The GSLV can place approximately 5000 kg (11,000 lbm) into an easterly low Earth orbit. 

GEO SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE LAUNCH VECHILE (GSLV-II)

This variant uses an Indian cryogenic engine and is capable of launching 2500 kg into geostationary transfer orbit

The fourth flight (GSLV-F02) on 10 July 2006 was unsuccessful in launching the 2,168 kg (4,780 lb) communications satellite INSAT-4C as both rocket and satellite were remotely destroyed over the Bay of Bengal after the rocket's trajectory veered outside of permitted limits.[

A defective propellant regulator of the fourth strap-on motor caused asymmetric thrust on the vehicle, steering it off course and consequently the self destruct feature was deployed as a safety measure

EARTH OBSERVATIONS & COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

1.INSAT Series

2.IRS Series

3.Other satelites

INSAT SERIES

Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose Geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting,meteorology, and search and rescue needs of IndiaCommissioned in 1983INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific RegionINSAT satellites provide 199 transponders in various bands (C, S, Extended C and Ku) to serve the television and communication needs of IndiaSome of the satellites also have the Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR), CCD cameras for metrological imaging

IRS SERIES

The IRS system is the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites for civilian use in operation today in the world.

It is used to support the national economy in the areas of agriculture, water resources, forestry and ecology, geology, water sheds, marine fisheries and coastal management.

OTHER SATELLITES

The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed technologies of satellite communications, like digital audio, data and video broadcasting. GSAT has been designed with two S-band and 3 C-band transponders (a high power C-band and two indigenous C-band transponders).

GSAT

Kalpana-1 is the first dedicated meteorological satellite launched by Indian Space Research Organisation using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on 2002-09-12. This was the first satellite launched by the PSLV into the Geostationary orbit. The satellite was originally known as MetSat-1.

Kalpana-1

A weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be either polar orbiting, seeing the same swath of the Earth every 12 hours, or geostationary, hovering over the same spot on Earth by orbiting over the equator while moving at the speed of the Earth's rotation.[

Meteorological satellites

CHANDRAYAAN-1

Chandrayaan-1 (lit: moon-traveller, or moon vehicle) was India's first unmanned lunar probe. It was launched by the ISRO in October 2008, and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. India launched the spacecraft by a modified version of the PSLV, (PSLV C11) on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, aboC11)on ut 80 km north of Chennai, at 06:22.The mission was a major boost to India's space program,as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon.The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008.On 14 November 2008, the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter at 20:06 and struck the south pole in a controlled manner, making India the fourth country to place its flag on the Moon..The probe impacted near Shackleton Crater at 20:31 ejecting underground soil that could be analysed for the presence of lunar water ice.The estimated cost for the project was Rs. 386 crore (US$ 80 million).[

The remote sensing lunar satellite had a mass of 1,380 kilograms (3,042 lb) at launch and 675 kilograms (1,488 lb) in lunar orbit.It carried high resolution remote sensing equipment for visible, near infrared, and soft and hard X-ray frequencies. Over a two-year period, it was intended to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete map of its chemical characteristics and three-dimensional topography. The polar regions are of special interest as they might contain ice..The lunar mission carries five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost.After suffering from several technical issues including failure of the star sensors and poor thermal shielding, Chandrayaan stopped sending radio signals at 1:30 AM ISTon 29 August 2009 shortly after which, the ISRO officially declared the mission over. Chandrayaan operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but the mission achieved 95 percent of its planned objectives..Among its many achievements was the discovery of the widespread presence of water molecules in lunar soil.

MARS MISSION

 India will undertake Mission Mars between 2013 to 2015

The project would be taken up after Chandrayan II

The ISRO had recived 10core from the government

SPACE EXPLORATION

Space exploration is the use of astronomy  and space technology to explore outer space

ISRO plans to carry out unmaned mission to mars

Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries

LUNAR EXPLORATION PROGRAMISRO planed a maned mission which is took place in 2020

Chandrayan –II is the second unmaned lunar exploration mission

it is intended to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete map of its chemical characteristics and 3-dimensional topography

The unmanned lunar exploration mission includes a lunar orbiter and an impactor called the Moon Impact Probe

The lunar mission carries five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other international space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost.

CONCLUSION

A journey of setbacks and achievements

Belongs to the ‘second-rung’ of space powers

Space resources are strategic assets

Development of fully autonomous orbital vehicle to carry a two-member crew into a low Earth orbit has already began. ISRO sources said the flight is likely to be in 2015. Government had allocated Rs. 95 crore (US$10 million) for pre-project initiatives for 2007 through 2008

ISRO planned to launch a number of few new generation earth observation satellites in near future.

Queries if any??..

CONCLUSION

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