Indiana Department of Environmental Management

2009 Fine Particles (PM2.5) Summary Report

Office of Air Quality

Purpose

This Fine Particles (PM2.5) Summary Report provides an overview of PM2.5 levels from 2009 as well as PM2.5 trends over the last ten years (2000-2009)

2009• 2 forecasted days (Air Quality Action Days)• 9 exceedances

Background of Fine Particles (PM)

What is particulate matter? Particulate matter is the term for particles found in the air, including

dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets

Where does PM come from? Sources of PM include all types of combustion activities:

– motor vehicles, power plants, wood burning, etc.– certain industrial processes

Health effects of PM: – increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways,

coughing, or difficulty breathing (i.e., decreased lung function, aggravated asthma, and development of chronic bronchitis)

– irregular heartbeat – nonfatal heart attacks– premature death in people with heart or lung disease

Fine Particle Regulations

*µm = micrograms

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5

Primary Standards Primary standards are limits set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) to protect public health including the health of “sensitive” populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly – Annual standard: 15 µg/m3*

– 24-hour standard: 35 µg/m3*

Secondary Standards Secondary standards are set by the U.S. EPA to protect public welfare, including

protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings – Annual standard: 15 µg/m3* (same as primary standard)– 24-hour standard: 35 µg/m3* (same as primary standard)

Reconsideration of the Standards– U.S. EPA is reconsidering the current standards (set in 2006), focusing on a

range of 11-14 µg/m3* for the annual standard and a range of 30-35 µg/m3* for the 24-hour standard

*ug/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter

Timeline of PM Standards

Attaining the Standard

Annual Standard To attain the annual standard, the three-year average of weighted annual mean

PM2.5 concentrations from a monitor must not exceed 15 µg/m3

Exceedance versus a Violation of the Standard– An exceedance occurs when the 98th percentile is measured above the

standard. A violation occurs when the three-year average of the 98th percentile is measured above the standard. A monitor can exceed the standard without being in violation.

24-Hour Standard To attain the 24-hour standard, the three-year average of the 98th percentile of

24-hour concentrations at each monitor must not exceed 35 ug/m3

Exceedance versus a Violation of the Standard– An exceedance occurs when the average annual mean is measured above

the standard. A violation occurs when the three-year average of the annual means is above the standard. A monitor can exceed the standard without being in violation.

 

Attainment Status

Daily Standard U.S. EPA attainment designations for the 2006 24-hour standard were

effective December 14, 2009• All Indiana counties were designated as attaining the standard and

remain in attainment

Annual Standard U.S. EPA attainment designations for the 1997 annual standard were

effective April 5, 2005• 12 full and five partial counties were designated as nonattainment• All areas of the state currently meet the annual air quality standard,

but have not been formally redesignated • NW, SW and Central Indiana are pending redesignation.• SE Indiana and Lawrenceburg Township are eligible for redesignation and

IDEM is planning to submit redesignation petitions in 2010.

Allen

Jay

Lake

Knox

Vigo

White

Jasper

Cass

Clay

Laporte

Pike

Rush

Parke

Grant

Greene

Perry

Ripley

Clark

Noble

Gibson

Porter

Wells

Posey

Elkhart

Owen

Henry

Boone

Miami

Jackson

Putnam

Dubois

Shelby

Pulaski Fulton

Marion

Wayne

Clinton

Sullivan

Harrison

Benton Carroll

Daviess Martin

Orange

Kosciusko

Monroe

Morgan

Madison

Newton

Marshall

Warrick

Wabash

Warren

Brown

DeKalb

Franklin

Adams

Starke

Spencer

Decatur

Randolph

Lawrence

Whitley

FountainHamilton

Washington

St. Joseph

Tippecanoe

Tipton

Jennings

Delaware

Hendricks

Lagrange

Montgomery

Jefferson

Steuben

Howard

Johnson

Scott

Hancock

Crawford

Bartholomew

Fayette Union

Floyd

Switzerland

Verm

illio

n

Ohio

Vander-burgh

Mapped By:S. Raymond, Office of Air QualityDate: 03/26/2010

Map Projection: UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum: NAD83

0 5025 Mi

0 5025 Km

LawrenceburgTwnshp.

Ozone Counties

Attainment Nonattainment

*NW, SW and Central Indiana are pending redesignation

*SE Indiana and Lawrenceburg Township are now eligible for redesignation

U.S. EPA Designated Nonattainment Areas under the Annual Standard

Standard: 15 µg/m3

2009 Monitoring Network

Placement • U.S. EPA provides guidance on placement of monitors• Monitors placed based on population density and manufacturing levels

Monitors• 31 annual fine particle monitors across Indiana• 35* 24-hour fine particle monitors across Indiana

Calculating the Monitoring Data• Monitoring data is collected every three days• A monitor’s design value is calculated at the end of the year, once all of the data

has been quality assured– Annual Design Value: three-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5

concentrations– 24-Hour Design Value: three-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour

concentrations

* Four monitoring sites reflect air quality in a relatively small area, are directly influenced by a specific source, and are intended to be used for attainment status under the 24-hour standard only.

Area Counties

East Central Delaware, Henry, Howard, Madison, Marion, Monroe

Northwest Lake, LaPorte, Porter

Northeast Allen

North Central Elkhart, St. Joseph

West Central Tippecanoe, Vigo

Southwest Dubois, Gibson, Knox, Spencer, Vanderburgh

Southeast Clark, Floyd

PM2.5 Monitors by Area

S. Bend - Nuner - 28

Legend

PM 2.5 Monitor

County Boundary

Date: 04/19/2010

Map Projection: UTM Zone 16 NMap Datum: NAD83

0 5025 Mi

0 5025 Km

Lafayette - 27

Indpls - W. 18th St - 32

Indpls - West St - 32

Terre Haute - Lafayette Ave - 27

Terre Haute - Devaney - 27

Bloomington - 22

Southwest Ag Center - 26

Jasper - Post Office - 28

Evansville - Buena Vista - 27

Evansville - Post Office - 29

Oakland City - 25

Evansville - U. of E. - 28

Dale - 26

New Albany - 29

Charlestown St. Park - 25

Jeffersonville - Walnut St. - 32

Indpls - School 21 - 30

Indpls - E. Michigan St - 30

Indpls - Washington Park - 30

Mechanicsburg - 26

Anderson - 28Kokomo - 28

Fort Wayne - Beacon St. - 29

Elkhart - Prairie St. - 32

S. Bend - Shields Dr - 29Michigan City - Marsh Elem - 28

Ogden Dunes - 30

Gary IITRI - 31

Griffith - 30

Gary - Madison St - 32

Hammond - Clark HS - 30

East Chicago - Franklin Sch - 30

Hammond - Purdue - 32

Gary - Burr St - 34

Muncie - Central HS - 26

2007-2009 Daily Design Values (ug/m3)

Indiana PM2.5

2007-2009Daily Design

Values

Standard: 35 µg/m3

S. Bend - Nuner - 11.6

Legend

PM 2.5 Monitor

County Boundary

Date: 04/19/2010

Map Projection: UTM Zone 16 NMap Datum: NAD83

0 5025 Mi

0 5025 Km

Lafayette - 11.8

Indpls - W. 18th St - 14.3

Terre Haute - Lafayette Ave - 12.8

Terre Haute - Devaney - 12.3

Bloomington - 10.6

Southwest Ag Center - 12.3

Jasper - Post Office - 13.2

Evansville - Buena Vista - 13.1

Evansville - Post Office - 12.9

Oakland City - 11.2

Evansville - U. of E. - 13.1

Dale - 12.6

New Albany - 13.1

Charlestown St. Park - 12.1

Jeffersonville - Walnut St. - 14.6

Indpls - E. Michigan St - 13.8

Indpls - Washington Park - 13.6

Mechanicsburg - 11.7

Anderson - 12.3Kokomo - 12.0

Fort Wayne - Beacon St. - 12.0

Elkhart - Prairie St. - 12.6

S. Bend - Shields Dr - 11.8Michigan City - Marsh Elem - 11.2

Ogden Dunes - 12.0

Griffith - 12.0

Gary - Madison St - 13.0

Hammond - Clark HS - 12.3

East Chicago - Franklin Sch - 12.6

Hammond - Purdue - 13.8

Muncie - Central HS - 12.0

2007-2009 Annual Design Values (ug/m3)

Indiana PM2.5

2007-2009Annual Design

Values

Standard: 15 µg/m3

PM 2.5 Highest Annual Values by Region (2000-2009)

1011121314151617181920

ug/

m3

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

PM2.5 Annual Trends 2000-2009

PM 2.5 Highest Annual Values by Region (2007-2009)

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

ug/m

3

2007 2008 2009

Annual Standard 15 µg/m3

PM2.5 Annual Trends 2007-2009

Proposed Standard Revision, Range of Consideration, 11 – 14 µg/m3

Contact

For more information regarding the PM2.5 designation process, or Indiana’s redesignation petitions and maintenance plans, visit www.in.gov/idem/4654.htm or contact Sarah Raymond of the Office of Air Quality at (800) 451-6027 or (317) 232-8449.