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Indian feed portal – features and u1lity
Overview
• Need for portal • Features • End users and u1lity • Maintenance and upda1ng • Snap shots
Need for portal • Feed largest input • Large body of informa1on • Diverse produc1on system • Shortage & high cost • Ready access • Customiza1on & refinement
Features
• Home • Feed resources • Nutrient requirements • Feed standards • Import/export • Feed markets • Feed assessment • Produc1on & produc1vity
Maize -‐ (Zea mays)
Common names – makka (hindi), Mushkina jola (kannada), makkajonalu (Telugu), Makka solam (Tamil), General description Maize is ranked as third most important food crop in India. Maize is a major food, feed and fodder crop and currently India ranks 4th in area and 7th in production of maize globally. Over the last five years, it has registered a growth rate of more than 7% in area and more than 6% in productivity in India. Currently around 8.5 million hectares of land is under cultivation and the production is around 21.8 million tons with an average productivity of 2.6 tons/hectare. Current growth rate of maize production is around 9% and is higher than the consumption rate of 5% and as a result India is a net exporter of maize (2-‐3 million tons/annum) since 2008-‐09. The major states producing maize includes Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharasthra, Bihar and Rajasthan. Uses The uses of maize are mainly for food, feed and industrial purpose that includes the production of starch and distilleries for production of potable alcohol. Maize is the first choice of grains in livestock feed due to it high energy and digestibility, especially in poultry diets where energy is very important factor influencing the performance of the birds. Maize is generally used at the rate of 50-‐60% of diets in broiler birds, 40-‐50% in layer birds, 15-‐30% of concentrate feeds in cattle, buffalo, sheep & goats. Composition The proximate composition, fibre fractions and amino acid composition of maize grains is as follows
DM % CP% EE% CF% NFE% Total ash% NDF% ADF% ADL% 91.66 9.35 3.50 2.25 82.01 2.53 16.65 5.18 1.39
Macrominerals %
Microminerals ppm
Ca P Mg K Na Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo silica % 0.19 0.39 0.14 2.60 6.92 0.12 312.37 21.12 33.01
References-‐ Directorate of Maize Research. Annual Report 2011-‐12
Areca leaf sheath
Description
Areca is a commercial crop and is mainly grown in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Assam and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Areca leaf sheath is shed periodically from the tree and it can be potentially used as dry fodder in ruminants. Around four lakh hectares of land is under Areca cultivation and it is estimated that 5400 million leaf sheaths are shedded annually. Each areca leaf sheath weighs around 200-‐300g and assuming an average weight of 250g the total annual availability of areca sheath works out to be 0.14 million tons. Presently areca sheath is used for making plates/cups, fuel and composting
Composition
Chemical composition.
CP% EE% Ash% Silica % NDF% ADF% Lignin% TDN% 3.5 0.1 6.4 3.3 71.3 47.7 3.9 49.3
Mineral composition
Ca% P% S% Cu ppm 0.23-‐0.60 0.06-‐0.08 0.61-‐0.75 15-‐23
Usage
Areca sheath can totally replace paddy straw in total mixed rations in sheep and cattle. Areca sheath can be used as sole roughage to an extent of 40-‐50% of the total mixed ration in dairy cattle rations. The sheaths should be dried properly and chaffed before feeding. Fresh sheaths have a thin plastic like outer layer which at times may cause impaction/indigestion in animals.
References -‐ Gowda et al., 2011. Areca sheath : An alternate dry fodder for livestock. NIANP publication
Areca leaf sheath
Sweet sorghum bagasse
Description
Sweet sorghum is being promoted as a multipurpose crop and can be used for food, bio-‐fuel and fodder purpose. Sweet sorghums have also been widely used for the production of forage and silage for animal feed. The sweet sorghum stalks, after harvesting grains are crushed to extract the juice which is further processed to produce ethanol that is used as bio-‐fuel. Sweet sorghum enjoys several advantages over sugarcane or maize as feedstock for biofuel production. It requires only one half of the water needed to grow maize and just one-‐eighth of that needed for a sugarcane crop. The bagasse consisting of crushed stem with leaves is a potential fodder that can be used in ruminants. Currently the bagasse is used for fuel and paper industry. The average yield of sorghum stalks and bagasse under farmers field conditions is around 25 and 13 tons/hectare respectively
Composition
Chemical composition.
CP% Ash% NDF% ADF% Lignin% ME MJ/kg 5.0 ± 1.65 6.68± 0.26 62.18±
1.7 38.68± 2.4
4.43± 0.4
8.0 ± 0.34
Usage
Sweet sorghum fodder is highly relished by animals due to its high sugar content. It can be used as green fodder or silage and similarly the bagasse can be fed on fresh basis, converted into silage or can be dried and used as dry fodder. Sweet sorghum or its bagasse can be used as sole roughage in ruminant diets and is comparable or slightly superior to conventional sorghum fodder or stover.
References Ashok Kumar et al.2010 Animal Nutrition and feed technology.10s: 62-‐69
Sweet sorghum crushing-‐Juice and Bagasse
Nutrient requirements for growing calves (cattle)
Live wt (kg)
Growth rate (g)
DM (kg) DCP (g) TDN (kg)
ME (Kcal)
Ca (g) P (g) Carotene (mg)
Vit A (IU 100)
70 550 2.1 255 1.4 5.0 8 6 7 3 600 2.3 260 1.5 5.4 8 6 7 3 80 550 2.4 260 1.5 5.4 9 7 7 3 600 2.5 270 1.6 5.8 9 7 8 3 100 550 2.8 270 2.1 7.6 10 8 10 3 600 3.0 280 2.2 7.9 10 8 10 3 120 550 3.2 280 2.3 8.3 14 11 11 4 600 3.7 290 2.4 8.6 14 11 11 4 140 550 3.7 290 2.5 9.0 14 11 16 6 600 4.2 300 2.6 9.4 14 11 16 6 160 550 4.2 300 2.7 9.7 14 12 16 6 600 4.7 320 2.8 10.1 15 12 16 6 180 550 4.7 310 2.9 10.4 15 12 18 8 600 5.2 320 3.0 10.8 15 12 18 8 200 550 5.2 320 3.1 11.2 16 13 22 9 600 5.7 330 3.2 11.5 16 13 22 9 220 550 5.7 330 3.3 11.9 18 14 24 10 600 6.2 340 3.4 12.2 18 14 24 10 240 550 6.2 340 3.5 12.6 20 16 28 12 600 6.7 350 3.6 13.0 20 16 28 12 260 550 6.7 350 3.7 13.3 20 16 30 13 600 7.2 360 3.8 13.7 20 16 30
( Source – Ranjhan,S.K. 1991-‐Nutrient requirements of livestock and poultry)
BIS specifications for cattle feed Characteristics Cattle type I Cattle type II Calf starter Calf grower
Moisture Max % 11 11 10 10
Crude protein Min% 22 20 23-26 22-25
Ether extract Min % 3.0 2.5 4.0 4.0
Crude fiber Max% 7 12 7 10
AIA Max% 3 4 2.5 3.5
Salt Max % 2 2
Ca Min% 0.5 0.5
Available P Min% 0.5 0.5
Vitamin A Min IU 5000 5000
Name of Feedstuff BIS specifica1ons Reference
Moisture
(%Max)
Crude Protein (%Min)
Crude Fibre (%Max)
Crude Fat (%Min)
Ash (% Max) AIA (% Max
Decor1cated Groundnut Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐1 8.0 48.0 8.0 7.0 -‐ 2.0 IS: l713-‐1986 Reaffirmed 1992
Decor1cated Groundnut Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐2 8.0 43.0 12.0 6.0 -‐ 2.5
Solvent Extracted Groundnut Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐1 8.0 51.0 7.0 -‐ -‐ 2.5 IS:3441-‐1982 Reaffirmed 1995
Solvent Extracted Groundnut Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐2 8.0 47.0 10.0 -‐ -‐ 2.5
Solvent Extracted Coconut Oil Cake 10.0 23.0 14.0 -‐ -‐ 1.5 IS:3591-‐1985
Decor1cated sunflower oilcake 8.0 45.0 6.0 12.0 6.0 1.0 IS:10165-‐1982
Solvent Extracted Co`onseed oil Cake 10.0 42.0 16.0 -‐ -‐ 2.0 IS:3592-‐1985
Solvent Extracted Linseed Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐1 10.0 33.0 9.0 -‐ -‐ 2.5 IS:3440-‐1985 Reaffirmed 1990
Solvent Extracted Linseed Oil Cake-‐Grade-‐2 10.0 29.0 11.0 -‐ -‐ 2.5
Linseed oil Cake-‐High Fat 8.0 29.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 1.5 IS:1935-‐1982 Reaffirmed 1995
Linseed oil Cake-‐Low Fat 8.0 31.0 10.0 5.0 8.0 1.2
Solvent extracted Nigerseed Oilcake Grade I 9.0 35.0 18.0 1.0 -‐ 1.5 IS:5862-‐1970
Solvent extracted Nigerseed Oilcake Grade II 9.0 29.0 20.0 1.0 -‐ 2.5
Guar Meal 10.0 45.0 8.0 3.0 7.0 1.0 IS:4193-‐1986
BIS specifications for Indian Feedstuffs*
Export of oil meals and extrac1ons
Source – Solvent extractors associa1on of India
Export of oilseed extrac1on from India ( thousand tons)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2006-‐07 2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10 2010-‐11 2011-‐12
CoQon
Sunflower
Rice bran
Groundnut
Rapeseed
Soybean
Feed assessment NIANP DAHD-‐NABCONS XII plan
(Planning Com)
Availability 2011
% Deficit Availability 2010-‐11
%Deficit % Deficit
Million tons Million tons
Crop residues
320 33 253 40 10
Concentrates 48 47 23 57 33
Green fodder
144 25 143 36 35
Milk • Milk is the single largest agricultural produce and is more than the combined value of rice aMilk nd
wheat in India. India is the largest milk producer globally although the average produc1vity of animals is much low. The informa1on pertaining to the milk produc1on, per capita consump1on, milch animals and their produc1vity over the recent years is presented in table.
• 2006-‐07 2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10 2010-‐11 2011-‐12 • Milk produc1on (million tons) 102.6 107.9 112.2 116.4 121.8 127.3 • Per capita availability 251 260 266 273 281 • Crossbreds in milk (000) 10142 10680 11262 11807 • Desi in milk (000) 29587 29842 30199 30948 • Buffalo in milk (000) 35108 35380 36166 37131 • Total in milk (000) 74837 75902 77627 79886 • Crossbreds average yield (kg/day) 6.47 6.71 6.80 6.63 • Desi average yield (kg/day) 2.11 217 2.20 2.22 • Buffalo average yield (kg/day) 4.41 3.94 4.53 4.58
Share of milk from different species (106 tons)
24.01 26.16 27.96
22.81 23.65 24.24
56.63 57.9
59.76
4.48 4.48
4.47
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10
Goats
Buffalo
Desi
Crossbred
Meat The meat produc1on is mainly contributed by the poultry sector followed by the small ruminants, large ruminants (caQle & buffalo), and pigs. The produc1on and produc1vity of different
species is presented in the tabular form.
2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10 2010-‐11 2011-‐12 Meat production million tons
4.0 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.1
Number of animals slaughtered Cattle (000) 2551 2715 2477 2344 Buffalo (000) 4946 5597 6061 6890 Sheep (000) 23717 24682 26930 28882
Goat (000) 77328 78323 80274 82171 Pig (000) 10496 10733 10518 10677
Poultry (000) 147397 1599129 1740431 1816848 Average yield
Cattle (kg) 91 92 90 89 Buffalo (kg) 114 102 111 104 Sheep (kg) 12 13 13 13 Goat (kg) 10 10 10 10 Pig (kg) 35 36 37 38 Poultry (kg) 1.18 1.18 1.20 1.21
Share of meat contribu1on by different species (000 tons)
232 250 223 211 557 823 670 805 294
312 341 369 769
786 814 846 370
388 391 402
1755 1884 2087
2193
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10 2010-‐11
Poultry
Pig
Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
caQle
Eggs Layer industry in India is ranked third globally and the total egg produc1on, per capita consump1on, number of layers etc., is presented in the tabular form.
2007-‐08 2008-‐09 2009-‐10 2010-‐11 2011-‐12 Egg production millions
53583 55562 60267 63024 65480
Per capita consumption
47 48 51 53
Number of layers (000)
247846 258104 277969 303658
Average 210 209 211 202
Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of eggs followed by Tamilnadu, Maharasthra, West Bengal, Haryana, Punjab,
Karnataka, Orissa, Kerala, Gujarat.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Ragi straw Paddy straw CoQon extrac1on
Changes in price of feed commodi1es Rs/ton
Thanks