IndigenousPeoplesandLocalCommuni3es:

ShapingandCommunica3ngNewNarra3vesforBiodiversity

JojiCarinoAsiaPacificConsulta3ononPost-2020BiodiversityFramework

Nagoya,JapanJanuary28-February1,2019

CBDCOP13Cancun,Mexico

You are invited to the launch of

Local Biodiversity OutlooksIndigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Contributions to the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.

At theCultural night reception and 20th anniversary celebration of the International

Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity

Moon Palace Arena HotelSunday 11 December

6-9pm

With the launch of the publication between 6.30-6.45pm.

LaunchingofLBOIIFB20thAnniversarycelebra3onIncollabora3onwithSecretariatofCBDLBOwelcomedinDecisionXII/ofCOP13

LocalBiodiversityOutlooks:Someconclusions

•  IPLCs’landsholdmuchoftheworld’sbiodiversity.Biologicalandculturaldiversitytogetherincreaseresiliencetosocial,environmentalandclimatechanges.

•  Collec>veac>onsofindigenouspeoplesandlocalcommuni>es

(IPLCs)areadvancingtheStrategicPlanforBiodiversityandall20AichiBiodiversityTargetinimportantways.Suppor>ngtheirac>onscanbeoneofthemosteffec>vewaystosecurebiodiversityconserva>onandsustainableuse.

•  Recognisingcustomarylandtenureandtradi>onaloccupa>ons,andprotec>nghumanrightssecuresocialwell-being,andecosystemandclimatebenefits.

UNPFII17RecommendaEons…welcomespublica>onofLocalBiodiversityOutlooks…andlooksforwardtoitssecondedi>ontobepublishedin2020.…supportsthestrengtheningandfurtherapplica>onofcommunity-basedmapping,monitoringandinforma>onsystems(CBMIS)ascomplementaryevidencebasesforassessmentandmonitoringofthe2030SustainableDevelopmentAgenda,theParisClimateAgreementandthepost-2020biodiversityFramework,aswellasbeingtoolsforcommunitygovernanceandself-determineddevelopment.…urgesgovernmentsanddonorstosupportcommunity-basedmonitoringandinforma>onsystems,ci>zenscienceandthedemocra>za>onofinforma>ontechnologies,ascomplementarytona>onalandglobalsta>s>calandinforma>onsystems,andtopriori>secapacity-buildingandfundingandforsuchini>a>ves.

VirtuousCirclesforPost-2020Biodiversity

Harmonisa3onofGlobalCommitmentsNa3onalandLocalImplementa3on

CulturalandBiologicalDiversity

Inter-linkages

ComplexandIntegratedSocial-EcologicalStystems

DiverseecosystemsandeconomiesCustomary

sustainableUse

LegalPluralismDiverseValues,Ins3tu3onsand

LevelsofGovernance

IntegratedSocial-EcologicalSystems•  Naturehasintrinsicvaluesanditsintelligenceismanifestedinbiologicaldiversity

•  Humans,aspartofnature,manifestourintelligencethroughculturaldiversity

•  Inter-linkagesbetweenbiologicalandculturaldiversity

•  Socialinequali3esandpowerhierarchiesunderpinecologicalinjus3ceandenvironmentalharm

•  Humanrightsareinherentrightsofpeoplesandpersons

•  UNDeclaraEonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples(2007)

•  OutcomeDocumentoftheWorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoples(2014)

•  ConvenEononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)ü  Ar3cles8(j)and10(c)ü  Target18oftheStrategicPlanforBiodiversity(2011-2020)

•  Inter-governmentalScience-PolicyPlaSormforBiodiversityand

EcosystemServices(IPBES)ü  ApproachPaperforrecognisingandworkingwithIndigenousandLocalKnowledge

•  UNFCCCü  EstablishmentofaLocalCommuni3esandIndigenousPla]ormonTradi3onal

Knowledge

GlobalrecogniEonofTradiEonalKnowledge/IndigenousandLocalknowledgeDiversity

LandFacts•  Atleast50%oftheworld’slandareaisheldundercustomaryorcommunity-basedregimesbutlegalrecogni3onofownershipislimitedtojust10%.–  12.5%arerangelandsmanagedbypastoralists.

•  Upto2.5billionwomenandmendependoncommunity-basedsystems.–  Thisincludeses3mated370millionIndigenousPeoples.–  Atleast200millionofthemarepastoralists.

•  “90%ofAfrica’srurallandisundocumented[…]makingithighlyvulnerabletolandgrabbingandexpropria3on”(Source:WorldBank)

NaEonalandRegionalExamplesIndonesia•  Approximately0.2%ofIndonesia’slandiscurrentlyrecognizedascommunity-ownedorcontrolled.Bycontrast,anes3mated40millionhectaresareproposedforrecogni3onbytheIndonesianCons3tu3onalCourtinfavourofcommuni3es’foresttenurerights.

PacificIslands•  InmostcountriesofthePacificIslands,customarylandundercustomaryauthorityremainsthedominantlandtenureform.Inmostcountriesitrepresentsmorethan80percentofthetotallandarea.

IndigenousPeoplesinthePacificregion•  Indigenouspeoplesmakeupthemajorityofthepopula3onsofthe

Pacificwiththeexcep3onsofsomecountriesandislandsofAustralia,Aotearoa(NewZealand),Hawaii,NewCaledoniaandGuam.

•  Countriesthathavemorethan75%ofindigenouspeoplesinclude,

WallisandFutuna,Kiriba3,Vanuatu,PapuaNewGuinea,MarshallIslands,Tonga,Tuvalu,SolomonIslands,Samoa,Tokelau,AmericanSamoa,FederatedStatesofMicronesia,CookIslands,Niue,andFrenchPolynesia.

•  Countrieswithapproximately500,000indigenouspeoplesormoreinclude,PapuaNewGuinea,Aotearoa(NewZealand),Australia,theSolomonIslands,andFiji.Thetotalindigenouspopula3onofthePacificis11,840,783makingup26%ofthetotalpopula3on.Morethan10countriesinthePacifichavelessthan20,000indigenouspersons.

•  SeventypercentofthePacificpopula3onisurban(28,631,308)withayearlychangeof1.43%.

LawandImplementaEonGap•  Thedifferencebetweenwhatiswrioeninlawandwhathappensinprac3ceisenormous,evenwhenlandrightsareformallyrecognized.–  Lackofenforcement:Governmentsmaynotrespectlegalrights.Forexamplebyissuingcompe3ngclaimsoverthesamelands,orrefusingtoenforcecommuni3es’landrightsagainstoutsiders.

–  Commercialconcessionswhichmaybeallocatedonthesameland,including99-yearconcessionstocompanieswithoutconsulta3onorconsentofIPLCs.

–  Halfoftropicalwoodininterna3onaltradeis‘conversion3mber’(muchclearedtomakewayforagribusiness),withatleast1/3comingfromillegalforestconversion.

ClosingtheGap:Recommenda3ons•  Giveprimacytoensuringsecurecommunitytenurerightsandstrong

systemsofcommunitygovernanceinglobal,na3onal,sub-na3onalandcompanyschemestocombatdeforesta3on;

•  Putinplaceurgentsafeguardsforun3tledorunrecognisedcommunitylandsandforestsinna3onalpolicies,whilelanddelimita3onanddemarca3onprocessesremainpending;

•  Strengthenframeworksfortheprotec3onofhumanrightsandforestdefenderslocallyandglobally;

•  Expandandstrengthenmeasurestocombatorganisedcrime,illicittradeandtraffickingontheforestfron3erbackedbydedicatedjudicialini3a3vestosanc3onhumanrightsviolatorsandillegaldeforesta3on;

•  Enablereformsofoutdatedandunjustna3onallandlaws,foresttenurepoliciesandresourceconcessionframeworkstoensurealignmentwithinterna3onalhumanrightslawandenvironmentalstandards,includingreformstoensurefullrespectforcommunitycustomarylandrightsandFPIC;

ClosingtheGap:Recommenda3ons•  Combinesupplysideanddemandsidepoliciestoincreasesupplychaintransparency

andimproveprotec3onsforhumanrightsinglobaltrade,includingthroughbothmandatorylegalinstrumentsaswellasincreasedregula3onofinterna3onalnance;

•  Undertake3melyreformstoresolvethe“complianceandaccountabilitycrisis”in

commoditycer3fica3onschemesthroughimprovedenforcement,monitoringandverifica3onmechanismsandstrengthenedandmoreindependentgrievanceandcomplaintsprocedures,includingop3onsforaffectedcommuni3estoaccessindependentlegalopinionsandsupport;

•  Strengthencompanycomplianceandduediligencesystemsfortheapplica3onofcompanyCSRpoliciesonhumanrights,landtenureandzerodeforesta3on;

•  Embedahumanrights-basedapproachandmeasurestosecurecommunitylandrightswithinjurisdic3onalandmul3-stakeholderschemesforforestandclimateprotec3on,commoditycer3fica3onanddeforesta3on-freesupplychains;

•  Supportandscaleupindependentcommunitymonitoringofconflictcommoditysupplychainsandcompanycompliancewithnodeforesta3on,nopeatandnoexploita3oncommitments;

AsrecordedbyPrasertTrakansuphakon,Karen,Thailand

Co-evoluEon:CreatorsandConserversofDiversitySOURCE:USCCanada

Whofeedstheworld?-HighLevelPanelofExpertsonFoodSecurityandNutri3on(HLPE2013)andUNFAO

•  Mostoftheworld’sfoodiss3llgrown,collectedandharvestedbyover2.5billionsmall-scalefarmers,pastoralists,forestdwellersandar3sanalfisherfolk.

•  Collec3vely,thesesmallholdersarebyfarthelargestinvestorsinfarmingandlandandproduceatleast70percentoftheworld’sfood.

•  Smallholderagricultureisprac3sedbyfamilies(includingoneormorehouseholds)usingonlyormostlyfamilylabourandderivingfromthatworkalargebutvariableshareoftheirincome,inkindorincash.Agricultureincludescropraising,animalhusbandry,forestryandar3sanalfisheries.Theholdingsarerunbyfamilygroups,alargepropor3onofwhichareheadedbywomen,andwomenplayimportantrolesinproduc3on,processingandmarke3ngac3vi3es.

Sma l l bu t many i s b i g

Source: discover-bali-indonesia.com

FisheriesSource:Na3onalGeographic2008/UBC

LARGE SCALE FISHERY

SUBSIDIES25–27 billion 5–7 billion

about 1/2 million over 12 million

about 30 million tonnes about 30 million tonnes

35 million tonnes almost none

about 37 million tonnes about 5 million tonnes

1–2 tonnes 4–8 tonnes

8–20 tonnes very little

NUMBER OF FISHERS

EMPLOYED

ANNUAL CATCH FOR HUMAN

CONSUMPTION

ANNUAL CATCH REDUCED

TO FISHMEAL AND OILS

ANNUAL FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION

CATCH PER TONNE OF FUEL

CONSUMED

FISH AND OTHER SEA LIFE

DISCARDED AT SEA

SMALL SCALE FISHERY

$$$$$ $

= =

Whowillfeedustomorrow?IndustrialFoodChainwith“agribusinessasusual”•  Urbanshareofglobal

popula3onrisesto70%;obesitydoubles;

•  Meatanddairyproduc3onrise70%;

•  Totalfooddemandgrows50%andwaterdemandgrows30%;

•  AgriculturalGHGemissionsincrease60%.

LocalFoodSystems•  80%ofhouseholdsinrural

South(ouenledbywomen)growsomefood;

•  2.6billionpeopledependonfarming,fishingandpastoralism;

•  Organicfarmsemploy30%moreworkersthannon-organicfarms;

•  Peasantfarmingismoreproduc3veandproducesmorenutri3ousfood

Whatpolicychangeswillgetusthere?StrengtheningtheIndustrialChain:•  Acceleratedlandgrabs;

•  Strengthenagribusiness-biasedtradeagreements;

•  Acceptbroaderpatentmonopolies;

•  Acquiescetocartelprac3ces(e.g.3companiesaccountfor>50%ofcommercialseedsalesand10companiescontrol95%ofthepes3cidemarket);

•  Endseed-saving;

•  Accesstocheaperfossilfuels;

•  Transfermorefoodsafetycoststoconsumersandpeasants

StrengtheningLocalFoodSystems•  Reducetheecologicalfootprintof

produc3on,distribu3onandconsump3onprac3ces,

•  Strengthenadap3vecapacityand

resilienceofthefarmingsystembymaintainingagro-ecosystemdiversity,

•  Researchmustsupporttheinnova3onthatstartsinfarmers’fields.

•  Recogni3onanddynamicconserva3onofagriculturalheritagesystemsallowingsocialcohesion,senseofprideandbelongingandreducesmigra3on

•  Respect,protectandfufillhumanrightsof

indigenouspeoples,peasants,fisherfolk,pastoralists,womenandyouth.

“Theseforestsareourlife,buttheyarebeingtakenfromus.Outsidershaveafinancialviewoftheland.Theyseeitasmoney.Weseeitaslife.Wehavetowin...forthefutureofourpeople.”

-NicholasFredericks,Wapichanpeople,Guyana

“Ifyouwanttostopdeforesta>on,givelegalrightstocommuni>es.”

-AndrewSteer,DirectorofWorldResourceIns3tute“Thestruggleforastableclimateandtherestora>onofourgloballifesupportsystemscannotsucceedwithoutsecureindigenousandcommunitylandrights.”

-StephanieBrancaforte,GreenpeaceGlobalCampaignLeaderforClimateandEnergy

KeyResources•  LocalBiodiversityOutlooks:IndigenousPeoples’andLocalCommuni>es’

Contribu>onstotheImplementa>onoftheStrategicPlanforBiodiversitywww.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net

•  ClosingtheGap:Rights-basedapproachestotacklingdeforestaEonwww.forestpeoples.org

•  INAPATA,KO’MANGNÀTOKYESELUOURLAND,OURLIFE:APar>cipatoryAssessmentofthelandtenureSitua>onofIndigenousPeoplesinGuyanaReportforRegion8

•  CommonGround:SecuringLandRightsandSafeguardingtheEarth(www.landrightsnow.org)

•  LandMarkwww.landmarkmap.org

•  IndigenousNavigatorwww.indigenousnavigator.org•  DanishInsEtuteforHumanRightswww.dihr.dk

KeyResources

hop://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/agec.12171/abstractwww.cifor.org/forests-and-gender/sidaenvironmenthelpdesk.se/wordpress3/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/BRIEF_Women_and_Land_Rights.pdf