individual differences – in views of different thinking styles cheng sze-man 12 june 2009 cheng...

Individual Differences Individual Differences – In views of different – In views of different

thinking stylesthinking styles

CHENG Sze-man12 June 2009

Style vs. Ability - 1Style vs. Ability - 11. A style is a way of thinking. It is

not an ability, but rather, a preferred way of using abilities one has.

2. An ability refers to how well someone can do something

3. A style refers to how someone likes to do something.

1. A style is a way of thinking. It is not an ability, but rather, a preferred way of using abilities one has.

2. An ability refers to how well someone can do something

3. A style refers to how someone likes to do something.

QuestionQuestion

1. What should we look at? Ability? Style?

2. Do we recognise the variety of thinking and learning styles that children bring to their classrooms?

1. What should we look at? Ability? Style?

2. Do we recognise the variety of thinking and learning styles that children bring to their classrooms?

Rule to rememberRule to remember

1. What happens to us in life depends not just on how well we think, but also how we think.

1. What happens to us in life depends not just on how well we think, but also how we think.

Style vs. Ability - 2Style vs. Ability - 2

1. A profile of style2. Identical in ability but different

styles

1. A profile of style2. Identical in ability but different

styles

Mental GovernmentMental Government

1. To decide on priorities2. To allocate our resource3. To be responsive to changes in

the world

1. To decide on priorities2. To allocate our resource3. To be responsive to changes in

the world

Functions of Self-mental Government

Functions of Self-mental Government

1. Executive – carries out initiatives, policies;

2. Legislative – design and advocate rules and laws for the betterment of people’s living; and

3. Judicial – evaluate whether the laws are being carried out correctly

1. Executive – carries out initiatives, policies;

2. Legislative – design and advocate rules and laws for the betterment of people’s living; and

3. Judicial – evaluate whether the laws are being carried out correctly

ExecutiveExecutive

1. follow rules;2. fill in the gaps within existing structu

res;3. prefer problems that are prestructur

ed

1. follow rules;2. fill in the gaps within existing structu

res;3. prefer problems that are prestructur

ed

They like toThey like toThey like toThey like to

LegislativeLegislative

1. come up with their own ways of doing things;

2. prefer to decide for themselves what they will do and how they will do it;

3. prefer problems not prestructured

1. come up with their own ways of doing things;

2. prefer to decide for themselves what they will do and how they will do it;

3. prefer problems not prestructured


JudicialJudicial

1. evaluate rules and procedures;2. evaluate existing things and

ideas;3. prefer problems that require

analysis

1. evaluate rules and procedures;2. evaluate existing things and

ideas;3. prefer problems that require

analysis


Forms of Self-mental Government

Forms of Self-mental Government

1. Monarchic – single-minded and driven;

2. Hierarchic – hierarchy of goals and set priorities;

3. Oligarchic – multi-tasking; and4. Anarchic – motivated by potpourri of

needs and goals

1. Monarchic – single-minded and driven;

2. Hierarchic – hierarchy of goals and set priorities;

3. Oligarchic – multi-tasking; and4. Anarchic – motivated by potpourri of

needs and goals

Levels of Self-mental Government

Levels of Self-mental Government

1. Global – deal with relatively large and abstract issues, ignore details, prefer to see the forest rather than the tree; and

2. Local – concrete problems requiring working with detail, don to earth, lose the forest for the tree

1. Global – deal with relatively large and abstract issues, ignore details, prefer to see the forest rather than the tree; and

2. Local – concrete problems requiring working with detail, don to earth, lose the forest for the tree

Scopes of Self-mental Government

Scopes of Self-mental Government

1. Internal – introverted, task oriented, aloof, and sometimes socially less aware; and

2. External – extroverted, outgoing and people oriented, socially sensitive and aware of what going on with others

1. Internal – introverted, task oriented, aloof, and sometimes socially less aware; and

2. External – extroverted, outgoing and people oriented, socially sensitive and aware of what going on with others

Leanings of Self-mental Government

Leanings of Self-mental Government

1. Liberal – go beyond existing rules and procedures, maximise changes; and

2. Conservative – adhere to existing rules and procedures, minimise changes

1. Liberal – go beyond existing rules and procedures, maximise changes; and

2. Conservative – adhere to existing rules and procedures, minimise changes

Inside classroomInside classroom

1. At least some of each should match their styles of thinking

2. Students need to learn that the world does not provide a perfect match all the time

1. At least some of each should match their styles of thinking

2. Students need to learn that the world does not provide a perfect match all the time

Inside classroomInside classroomMethod of instruction Most compatible stylesLecture Executive, Hierarchical

Thought-based questioning

Judicial, Legislative

Cooperative (group) learning

External

Projects Legislative

Inside classroomInside classroomMethod of instruction Most compatible stylesProblem solving of given problems

Executive

Small group: factual questions

External, Executive

Small group: discussing ideas

External, Judicial

Reading Internal, Hierarchical

ImplicationImplication

1. Teachers need to use a variety of methods in their teaching

2. Difference in mode of teaching benefits different styles

1. Teachers need to use a variety of methods in their teaching

2. Difference in mode of teaching benefits different styles

AssessmentAssessmentMethod of assessment

Main skills tapped

Most compatible styles

SQ & MC Memory Executive, Local

Analysis Judicial, Local

Time Hierarchical

Work alone

Internal


Main skills tapped


Essay Memory Executive, Local

Macro analysis

Judicial, Global

Micro analysis

Judicial, Local

Creativity Legislative


Main skills tapped


Essay Organisation

Hierarchical

Time Hierarchical

Acceptance

Conservative

Work alone Internal


Main skills tapped


Projects and Portfolios

Analysis Judicial

Creativity Legislative

Teamwork External


Main skills tapped


Projects and Portfolios

Work alone Internal

Organisation

Hierarchical

High Commitment

Monarchic


Main skills tapped


Interview Social Ease External

individual differences – in views of different thinking styles cheng sze-man 12 june 2009 cheng...

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