individual farm feeding stations - lifeundergriffonwings.eu...individual farm feeding stations in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Raphaël Néouze – LPO Grands Causses
Individual farm feeding stationsin Grands Causses
Sassari – 30th of June 2016
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Acknowledgements
• Several tables from Olivier DURIEZ are
used in this talk.
• Most photos from Bruno BERTHEMY
• Several partners are involved in this
common work
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Intention of this presentation
• Give a few highlights about what was
experimented in Grands Causses
• Raise awareness among vulture
conservationists and their partners
• Present the current research programs in
relation to that subject
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PRESENTATIONS
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
The vulture programs in France
Southern Alps
Western Pyrenees(native population)
Jonte - 1981-1986
Navacelle1993-1998
Grands Causses
Verdon 1999 - 2004
Diois 1999
Baronnies 1991 - 1996
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Situation of Grands Causses
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Grands Causses = Many cheep
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Grands Causses = Many birds
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Description of
the Grands Causses
• Wide and high “plateau” that are
divided by deep canyons
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
• 1968 à 1981 : Reintroduction of the
Griffon vulture
• 1982 : Spontaneous come back of the
Egyptian vulture
• 1992 à 2004 : Reintroduction of the
Black vulture
• 2012… Reintroduction of the
bearded vulture
History of the Grands Causses
conservation programs
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Partnership with scientists
• Historical partnership since the 80’s with :– Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)
– Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• For statistics, monitoring analysis, central data
base, GPS project, dynamics of populations....
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Surv
ival ra
te +
/- 9
5%
CI
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Num
ber
of
feedin
g s
ites
0
50
100
150
200Model constant
Model nb fledglings
Model nb fledglings / feeding sites
nb feeding sites
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Reproduction of Griffon
Vultures in Grands Causses
• A very regular trend...
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Pontes Jeunes produits Succès reproducteur
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Evolutions…
1
2
Temps
Nb de
couples
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
At the beginning : Heavy
feeding stations1981 – 2001: 4 official « heavy » feeding sites ( very close to colonies)carrions collected at 62 local farmsFood highly predictable in time and space Intense intra specific competition
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THE BEGINNING OF
FARM FEEDING STATIONS
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
In the 90’s farmers are demanding
for individual feeding stations
• Inter-ministerial Order 7/08/1998 :
Acknowledgement of the vulture’s role as natural collaborators in the management of carcasses
• Since then : legal possibility for farmers to
use Vultures has carrion’s disposal system
to get rid of farm carrions
• First farm feeding station settled in Grand Causses in 2001
• In France we call them “Placette”
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Decreases sanitary threats
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Improve food availability
First, you type « Grands
Causses », then
« satellite overview »,
then choose « sheep »
and at last, you click on
« latest deceased »
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Technical description
• A space of minimum 1000 m2 (30 m x
30 m)
• Dominant and open position (2 sides)
• Good aerology
• A fence (grid of 90 cm high mini…) that
give a physical existence to the device
• A mean to attach carrions
• The farmer build the station
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Draft of a farm feeding station
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Reduce threats close to the
farm feeding stations
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
An exemple of a farm
feeding station
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Another exemple with
concrete plate and chain
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Some other examples
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Another exemple…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Another exemple…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Photo : Olivier Duriez
A working Farm feeding
station or « placette »
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Another exemple… seen
from the farm
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Farmer building the fence
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
How do farm feeding
stations work ?– Farmer has an official authorization
– Farmer manages the disposal his own way
– No more than 300 kg at the same time
– Taxes reduction of 60 %
– Farmer record on a file, sent every year to
administration
– Farmer clean the “placette” by burning bones
and remaining
– Reduce sanitary risks
– Reduce CO2 emissions and transport costs
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Record of carcass deposits
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Situation of the farm feeding
stations in Grands Causses
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Situation of the farm feeding
stations and GV home range
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Situation of food supply for griffon
vultures in Grands Causses
• The farms feeding stations
– 152 placettes in Grands Causses
• The heavy feeding stations
– 2 HFP, 21 farmers collected
– ~ 20 tons collected of carrions
– Allows us to capture, read ring codes,
communicate and monitor…
• Natural disposal service by vultures,
represents less tha1% of the total
tonnage of quartering service in France
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
How a farmer can apply for a
farm feeding station ?– The farmer makes a demand as volunteer
– LPO GC works with the farmer on a technical level
to prepare the application file
– The vet administration check the application details
– The Vulture & Livestock comity validate the
beginning of construction
– The farmer build the station himself
– The administration and LPO visit the station and
validate or ask for more work
– Local “Préfet” sign the “décret” of authorisation for
the use of the station
– The farmer sign a management convention
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Feeding stations in France
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CREATION OF A REGIONAL COMITY
FOR VULTURES AND LIVESTOCK
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Creation of a regional comity for
Vultures & Livestock
• Initiated by LPO and breeders in 2010
• Gather together :
– Farmers’ organisations and unions
– Organisations that run vultures conservation programs
– State administrations and parks (national and regional)
– Scientists
– Environmental police and forestry administration
– Hunters organisations
– Veterinarian’s organisations
– Tourism public services
• 6 “départements” concerned
• Meet twice a year and work together on an action
plan supervised by a “Préfet”
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
• 4 themes of work :
1. Stating and improving common and global
procedures on Vultures & Livestock
interactions
2. Monitoring and management of food
availability for vultures
3. Communication
4. Survey and scientific programs :
• Monitoring of vulture’s populations
• Evaluation of livestock health and evolution
• New research programs…
Action plan of the regional comity
for Vultures & Livestock
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EXAMPLES OF SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH PROGRAMS BASED ON
FARM FEEDING STATIONS
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Competition for food: dominance
No difference between Heavy FS / Farm FS
Bosè and Sarrazin
Fig. 2
n=23n=27n=20n=28
0
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
old adults young adults immature juveniles
me
an
+/-
sta
nd
ard
dev
iati
on
interaction rate
agressiveness
dominance
(Bosè & Sarrazin 2007 Ibis)
Adults dominant over younger birds
Videos of focal individual
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Competition for food: Age-ratio at feeding events
% young increases with time and is higher in Farm feeding stations
Summer
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% y
oun
g b
irds
0
20
40
60
80
100Heavy feeding station
Light feeding station
Winter
Time since beginning (min)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% y
oun
g b
irds
0
20
40
60
80
100
120Heavy feeding station
Light feeding station
Summer
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% y
oung b
irds
0
20
40
60
80
100Heavy feeding station
Light feeding station
Winter
Time since beginning (min)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% y
oung b
irds
0
20
40
60
80
100
120Heavy feeding station
Light feeding station
(Duriez, unpublished)
Meat SkelettonAdults predominant when meat, immatures when skeletton
young birds prospect more at light FS?
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Competition for food: prospection behaviours
Pilot study in 2009
GPS tracking of individual griffon vultures
TechnoSmart
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With predictable ressources Traplining strategy?
With unpredictable ressources Random strategy?
Feeding stations
Vultures’ foraging behaviour
- Obligate scavengers
-Central place foragers (colonies)
- Forage and feed in group
Competition for food: prospection behaviours
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Results : Repetitivity of prospection routes
Key
Day 1Day 2Day 3
Feeding stations
Nest
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Results : Repetitivity of prospection routes
Random foraging…
Random
Key
Day 1Day 2Day 3
Feeding stations
Nest
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Traplining
Results : Repetitivity of prospection routes
Random foraging…
…But also
Traplining strategy
Random Nest
Key
Day 1Day 2Day 3
Feeding stations
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Traplining
Results : Repetitivity of prospection routes
Random foraging…
…But also
Traplining strategy
Confirmed by
repetitivity analysisRandom Nest
Key
Day 1Day 2Day 3
Feeding stations
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SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION ON
FARM FEEDING STATION
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
A technical leaflet on natural
and official disposal of carions
• Financed by partners,
edited by LPO GC and
distributed widely to
farmers, farming
organisation,
communities, elected
people,
administrations…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
An annual spécific news letter
on farm feeding station
• Edited by LPO GC with
interviews of farmers
and specific articles…
• Distributed only to
farmers that have a
farm feeding station and
farming organisations…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Posters…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
A semestrial news letter on
global vulture issues
• Edited by LPO GC and
partners
• Distributed widely to
farmers, farming
organisation,
communities, elected
people, administrations,
partners, other
conservation
programs…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Last news…
• The vulture conservation programmes in Grands
Causses received on the 15th of October 2015:
The Grand Prix Natura 2000
of the European Union
Category :
Socio-Economical
benefits
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Conclusions : arguments in
favour of farm feeding stations
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Conclusions : arguments in
favour of farm feeding stations
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Propositions
• Stay close to the farmer’s profession
• Implicate the farmers in the conservation and vulture’s
food management
• Clarify the means and procedures
• Gives answers and promote transparency
• COMMUNICATE
• Carry on monitoring with partners
• Implicate the elected representatives of local communities
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Thank you for your attention…
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Les textes de références:
• Arrêté ministériel du 07/08/1998;
• Règlement (UE) n° 1069/2009 qui abroge le règlement (CE) n° 1774/2002
avec effet au 4 mars 2011;
• Règlement (UE) n°142/2011 du 25 février 2011 portant application du
règlement (CE) n°1069/2009;
• Décision 2003/322/CE abrogée par la Décision 2005/830/CE et ses textes
d’application en France:
par voie réglementaire: l’arrêté du 6 août 2005 et l’arrêté
du 28 février 2008;
et la note de service DGAL/SDSPA/N2006-8300 du 19
décembre 2006.
La reconnaissance de l’équarrissage naturel en France:
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
• Les textes de références:
• Arrêté ministériel du 07/08/1998;
• Règlement (UE) n° 1069/2009 qui abroge le règlement (CE) n° 1774/2002 avec effet au 4 mars 2011;
• Règlement (UE) n°142/2011 du 25 février 2011 portant application du règlement (CE) n°1069/2009;
• Décision 2003/322/CE abrogée par la Décision 2005/830/CE et ses textes d’application en France:
par voie réglementaire: l’arrêté du 6 août
2005 et l’arrêté du 28 février 2008;
et la note de service
DGAL/SDSPA/N2006-8300 du 19 décembre
2006.
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
What are the needs for
Griffon vultures ?• A reproductive adult Griffon vulture needs around
170 kg of food per year
• This represents on average ~ 470 g / day
• In Grands Causses a sheep weight on average 65 kg (with ~50 kg of consumable flesh ~75 %)
• Thus, in Grands Causses an adult reproductive
griffon vulture eat the flesh of 3 to 4 carrions of
sheep per year (75 % of carrions)
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
What needs for the colony?
• 529 pairs in 2016
– So 1058 reproducing adult griffon vultures
• Total population estimated between
1400 and 1700 birds
• This represents a global need of 235 to
290 tons per year
This represents 4700 to 5800 carrions per year (used at
75 % )
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Quelle quantité cela représente
?• La ressource connue et maîtrisée :
– Les charniers :
• 25 éleveurs collectés
• Soit environ 30 tonnes/an
– Les 152 placettes individuelles :
• 25 brebis en moyenne/placette/an
• Soit environ 190 tonnes/an
– Les cadavres de la faune sauvage :
• Assez peu accessibles, stables et saisonniers
• Estimés entre 10 et 20 tonnes/an
Soit un total de 230 à 240 tonnes / an
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Griffon Vulture
Sardinia30th June 2016
Quelle quantité cela représente
?• La ressource non maîtrisée :
– Les 100 à 120 éleveurs « hors placette » :
• Une estimation d’environ 60 à 90 tonnes/an
Soit un total 60 à 90 tonnes/an
La ressource totale est donc estimée entre 290 et
330 tonnes/an (utilisable)
Cette ressource disponible connait des variations
saisonnières mais est suffisante
Cependant une grande partie est non maîtrisée