individual historical assessment report site …

INDIVIDUAL HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

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Site Name/Facility: Murphy Canyon Channels

Master Program Map No.: 58 & 58a (Murphy Canyon Channels)

Archaeologist Name: Brad Comeau, MSc, RPA – Dudek, and Dimitra Zalarvis-Chase, RPA– URS Corporation

Date: April 30, 2013

Native American Monitor Name:

Gabriel Kitchen - Red Tail Monitoring & Research, Inc.

Instructions: This form must be completed for each target facility identified in the Annual Maintenance Needs Assessment report and prior to any work on site. Attach additional sheets as needed. EXISTING CONDITIONS

Site Conditions: The City of San Diego (City) has developed the Master Storm Water System Maintenance Program (MMP; Master Maintenance Program) to optimize its business processes and environmental protection practices related to channel operation and maintenance activities. The Master Maintenance Program is intended to integrate operation and maintenance planning, implementation and assessment activities with its water quality protection programs. This document provides a summary of the Individual Historical Assessment (IHA) activities conducted within the Murphy Canyon Channels in order to comply with the MMP’s Programmatic Environmental Impact Report (PEIR). To better describe and assess the segments that make up the Murphy Canyon Channels, the channel segments were assigned reach numbers (Attachment 1, Figure 1) pertinent to the hydrology and hydraulic analysis conducted for the Individual Hydrology & Hydraulic Assessment (IHHA). Through the MMP process, the IHHA determined that currently maintenance is only need for Reaches 1 and 2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The proposed work would take place within a portion of the Murphy Canyon Channels, between the Qualcomm Stadium parking lot on the west and Interstate 15 on the east, and north of Interstate 8. The site is within the San Diego Hydrologic Unit within the City of San Diego. The Murphy Canyon Channels (Maps 58 and 58a) is broken into five reaches for the purposes of this analysis (Attachment 1, Figure 1). Reaches 1 and 2 are included on MMP Map 58; and Reaches 3 and 4 are included on MMP Map 58a (City of San Diego 2011a). Based on the current IHHA results, the City is proposing to routinely maintain Reaches 1 and a portion of 2 through periodic removal of trash, debris, vegetation and accumulated sediment. The northern portion of Murphy Canyon consists of Reaches 3 and 4 (Map 58a) which will not be maintained this year.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS Reaches 1 and 2 and the adjacent stadium parking lot area are within the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas Subject to Inundation by the 1-percent Annual Chance Flood (100-year floodplain) designated Zone A. Reaches 3, 4 and the adjacent area is within the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Special Flood Hazard Areas Subject to Inundation by the 1-percent Annual Chance Flood (100-year floodplain) designated Zone AE. Reaches 1, 2 and 3 do not contain flooding due to a 100-year storm event however, Reach 4 does contain the 100-year storm event. Reaches 1 & 2 Reaches 1 and 2 are a combination of earthen with rip-rap sides (Reach 1) and concrete (Reach 2) trapezoidal channel types that parallel I-15 to the east, and Qualcomm Stadium and a Kinder Morgan tank farm facility to the west. The Qualcomm parking lot has a history of flooding issues by storm water flows from the channel, most recently in 2010. Reach 1 has a length of approximately 1,662 feet from the downstream end of the concrete channel to the property line located approximately 40 feet south of the Stadium Road bridge. Access, loading, and staging areas for this channel maintenance reach include Access and Loading Areas 1A, 1B, 1C & 1D, and a Staging Area. Maintenance in Reach 1 will occur using a bulldozer or similar type equipment to excavate accumulated sediment, vegetation and other debris from the earthen channel bottom to the excavator located at the access and loading points designated on the maintenance plans. The excavator, or similar equipment, will be stationed at the access points to load the accumulated material from the channel into waiting dump trucks. The dump trucks will transport the accumulated materials to the temporary staging area before disposal of the materials at an appropriate disposal facility. No subsurface disturbance is expected at the access or staging areas associated with Reach 1 as they are 100% concrete-lined or asphalt paved. The City proposes to maintain a portion of Reach 2 that extends from 110 feet north of San Diego Mission Road to 96 feet south of San Diego Mission Road for a length of approximately 206 feet. Maintenance in this segment of Reach 2 will occur using a skid steer or similar type equipment to remove accumulated sediment, vegetation and other debris from the concrete channel bottom to the excavator located at the access and loading points designated on the maintenance plans. The excavator, or similar equipment, will scoop the accumulated material into waiting dump trucks. The dump trucks will then dispose of the accumulated materials at an appropriate disposal facility subsurface disturbance associated with this activity or these areas. Access and staging areas for this channel maintenance reach include Access and Loading Areas 1A, 1B, 1C & 1D, and a Staging Area. Reach 2 and its associated access and staging areas are 100% cement lined or asphalt paved and no subsurface disturbance is expected with this activity or these areas. The upstream portion of the Reach 2 is on Caltrans right-of-way and will not be maintained at this time.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS Reaches 3 & 4 Reaches 3 and 4 are the upstream continuation of the Murphy Canyon Channels north of the southern box culvert. These reaches are bounded by industrial and golf facilities to the west and Murphy Canyon Road to the east.

EXISTING CONDITIONS This section establishes the context for the evaluation of historical resources through an overview of the environmental setting, the prehistory, and the ethnographic identity of the Project area. Natural Environmental Setting The Project Area of Potential Effects (APE, Attachment 1, Figure 2) sits within gravelly sand in the northern portion of the APE and Made Land (Md) in the southern portion of the APE within and adjacent to Mission Valley (Soil Survey Staff 2013). The Pacific Ocean is located approximately 8.4 miles west of the survey area. Cultural Setting The following sections have been excerpted from the Historical Resources Guidelines (City of San Diego 2001) and serves to provide a comparative framework for the prehistory of the region and context for this testing and evaluation report. The history of San Diego can be divided into four prehistoric periods, one ethnohistoric period, and three historic periods. EARLY MAN PERIOD (BEFORE 8500 BC) No firm archaeological evidence for the occupation of San Diego County before 10,500 years ago has been discovered. The myths and history that is repeated by the local Native American groups now and at the time of earlier ethnographic research indicate both their presence here since the time of creation and, in some cases, migration from other areas. There are some researchers who advocate an occupation of Southern California prior to the Wisconsin Glaciation, around 80,000 to 100,000 years ago (Carter 1957, 1980; Minshall 1976). Local proposed Early Man sites include the Texas Street, Buchanan Canyon, and Brown sites, as well as Mission Valley (San Diego River Valley), Del Mar, and La Jolla (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1957, 1980; Minshall 1976, 1983, 1989; Moriarty and Minshall 1972; Reeves 1985; Reeves et al. 1986). However, two problems have precluded general acceptance of these claims. First, artifacts recovered from several of the localities have been rejected by many archaeologists as natural products rather than cultural artifacts. Second, the techniques used for assigning early dates to the sites have been considered unsatisfactory (Moratto 1984; Taylor et al. 1985).


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EXISTING CONDITIONS Careful scientific investigation of any possible Early Man archaeological remains in this region would be assigned a high research priority. Such a priority would reflect both the substantial popular interest in the issue and the general anthropological importance which any confirmation of a very early human presence in the western hemisphere would have. Anecdotal reports have surfaced over the years that Early Man deposits have been found in the lower levels of later sites in Mission Valley. However, no reports or analyses have been produced supporting these claims. PALEO-INDIAN PERIOD (8500-6000 BC) The earliest generally-accepted archaeological culture of present-day San Diego County is the Paleo-Indian culture of the San Dieguito Complex. This complex is usually assigned to the Paleo-Indian Stage and dated to about 10,500 years ago. It would therefore appear to be contemporary with the better-known Fluted Point Tradition of the High Plains and elsewhere and the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition of the Desert West. The San Dieguito Complex is believed to represent a nomadic hunting culture by some investigators of the complex (Davis et al. 1969; Moriarty 1969; Rogers 1929, 1966; Warren 1966, 1967), characterized by the use of a variety of scrapers, choppers, bifaces, large projectile points and crescentics; a scarcity or absence of milling implements; and a preference for fine-grained volcanic rock over metaquartzite. Careful scientific investigation of San Dieguito Complex sites in the region would also be assigned a high research priority. Major research questions relating to the Paleo-Indian Period include confirmation of the presence of the Fluted Point Tradition in San Diego County (Davis and Shutler 1969); better chronological definition of the San Dieguito Complex; determination of whether the San Dieguito assemblages do in fact reflect an early occupation, rather than the remains from a specialized activity set belonging to an Early Archaic Period culture; clarification of the relationship of the San Dieguito Complex, if it represents a separate culture, to the subsequent Early Archaic Period cultures; determination of the subsistence and settlement systems which were associated with the San Dieguito Complex; and clarification of the relationship of the San Dieguito Complex to similar remains in the Mojave Desert, in northwestern and central California, in southern Arizona and in Baja California. The San Dieguito Complex was originally defined in an area centering on the San Dieguito River valley, north of the City of San Diego (Rogers 1929). EARLY ARCHAIC PERIOD (6000 BC-AD 0) As a result of climatic shifts and a major change in subsistence strategies, a new cultural pattern assignable to the Archaic Stage is thought by many archaeologists to have replaced the San Dieguito culture before 6000 BC. This new pattern, the Encinitas Tradition, is represented in San Diego County by the La Jolla and Pauma complexes.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS The coastal La Jolla Complex is characterized as a gathering culture which subsisted largely on shellfish and plant foods from the abundant littoral resources of the area. The La Jolla Complex is best known for its stone-on-stone grinding tools (mano and metate), relatively crude cobble-based flaked lithic technology, and flexed human burials. Inland Pauma Complex sites have been assigned to this period on the basis of extensive stone-on-stone grinding tools, Elko Series projectile points, and the absence of remains diagnostic of later cultures. Among the research questions focusing on this period are the delineation of change or the demonstration of extreme continuity within the La Jolla and Pauma complexes; determination of whether coastal La Jolla sites represent permanent occupation areas or brief seasonal camps; the relationship of coastal and inland Archaic cultures; the scope and character of Archaic Period long-range exchange systems; the role of natural changes or culturally-induced stresses in altering subsistence strategies; and the termination of the Archaic Period in a cultural transformation, in an ethnic replacement, or in an occupational hiatus in western San Diego County. LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD (AD 0-1769) The Late Prehistoric Period in San Diego County is represented by two distinct cultural patterns, the Yuman Tradition from the Colorado Desert region and the Shoshonean Tradition from the north. These cultural patterns are represented locally by the Cuyamaca Complex from the mountains of southern San Diego County and the San Luis Rey Complex of northern San Diego County. The people of the Cuyamaca and San Luis Rey Complexes are ancestral to the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay (Diegueño) and Luiseño, respectively. Prehistorically, the Kumeyaay were a hunting and gathering culture that adapted to a wide range of ecological zones from the coast to the Peninsular Range. A shift in grinding technology, reflected by the addition of the pestle and mortar to the mano and metate, signifying an increased emphasis on acorns as a primary food staple, as well as the introduction of the bow and arrow (i.e., small Cottonwood Triangular and Desert Side-notched projectile points), obsidian from the Obsidian Butte source in Imperial County and human cremation, serve to differentiate Late Prehistoric populations from earlier peoples. Pottery is also characteristic of the Cuyamaca Complex, but is absent from the San Luis Rey Complex until relatively late (post AD 1500). Explanatory models applied to Late Prehistoric sites have drawn most heavily on the ethnographic record. Notable research opportunities for archaeological sites belonging to the Late Prehistoric period include refining chronology, examining the repercussions from environmental changes which were occurring in the deserts to the east, clarifying patterns of inter- and intra- regional exchange, testing the hypothesis of pre-contact horticultural/agricultural practices west of the desert, and testing ethnographic models


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EXISTING CONDITIONS for the Late Prehistoric settlement system. Hector (1984) focused on the Late Prehistoric Period to examine the use of special activity areas within large sites typical of this period. At issue was whether activities such as tool making, pottery manufacturing, and dining were conducted in specific areas within the site, or whether each family unit recreated these activity areas throughout the site. Her findings indicated that no specialized areas existed within Late Prehistoric sites, and furthermore, that tools made during this period served a variety of functions. Late Prehistoric sites appear to be proportionately much less common than Archaic sites in the coastal plains subregion of southwestern San Diego County (Christenson 1990:134-135; Robbins-Wade 1990). These sites tend to be located on low alluvial terraces or at the mouths of coastal lagoons and drainages. Of particular interest is the observation that sites located in the mountains appear to be associated with the Late Prehistoric Period. This suggests that resource exploitation broadened during that time as populations grew and became more sedentary. ETHNOHISTORIC PERIOD The founding of Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 by Father Junípero Serra and Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in 1798 by Father Lasuén brought about profound changes in the lives of the Yuman-speaking Kumeyaay (Diegueño) and Shoshonean-speaking Luiseño of San Diego County. The coastal Kumeyaay and Luiseño were quickly brought into their respective missions or died from introduced diseases. Ethnographic work, therefore, has concentrated on the mountain and desert peoples who were able to retain some of their aboriginal culture. As a result, ethnographic accounts of the coastal Kumeyaay and Luiseño are few. Today the descendants of the Kumeyaay bands are divided among 12 reservations in the south county and the descendants of the Luiseño bands among five reservations in the north county. The Kumeyaay are generally considered to be a hunting-gathering society characterized by central-based nomadism. While a large variety of terrestrial and marine food sources were exploited, emphasis was placed on acorn procurement and processing as well as the capture of rabbit and deer. Shipek (1963, 1989b) has strongly suggested that the Kumeyaay, or at least some bands of the Kumeyaay, were practicing proto-agriculture at the time of Spanish contact. While the evidence is problematic, the Kumeyaay were certainly adept land and resource managers with a history of intensive plant husbandry. Kumeyaay houses varied greatly according to locality, need, choice, and raw materials. Formal homes were built only in the winter as they took some time to build and were not really necessary in the summer. Summer camps needed only a windbreak and were usually located under convenient trees, a cave fronted with rocks, or an arbor built for


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EXISTING CONDITIONS protection from the sun. During the summer, the Kumeyaay moved from place to place, camping wherever they were. In the winter, they constructed small elliptically-shaped huts of poles covered with brush or bark. The floor of the house was usually sunk about two feet into the earth. In the foothills and mountains, hiwat brush or deer broom was applied in bundles tied on with strands of yucca. In cold weather, the brush was covered with earth to help keep the heat inside. Bundles of brush were tied together to make a door just large enough to crawl through. Most activities, such as cooking and eating, took place outside the house. The cooking arbor was a lean-to type structure or four posts with brush over the top. Village-owned structures were ceremonial and were the center of many activities. Sweathouses were built and used by the Kumeyaay men. They were built around four posts set in a square near a river or stream and usually had a dug-out floor. The sweathouse was also used sometimes as a place for treating illnesses. As with most hunting-gathering societies, Kumeyaay social organization was formed in terms of kinship. The Kumeyaay had a patrilineal type of band organization (descent through the male line) with band exogamy (marriage outside of one's band) and patrilocal marital residence (married couple integrates into the male's band). The band is often considered as synonymous with a village or rancheria, which is a political entity. Almstedt (1980:45) has suggested that the term rancheria should be applied to both a social and geographical unit, as well as to the particular population and territory held in common by a native group or band. She also stressed that the territory for a rancheria might comprise a 30-square-mile area. Many households would constitute a village or rancheria and several villages were part of a larger social system usually referred to as a consanguineal kin group called a cimuL. The members of the cimuL did not intermarry because of their presumed common ancestry, but they maintained close relations and often shared territory and resources (Luomala 1963:287-289). Territorial divisions among Kumeyaay residential communities were normally set by the circuit of moves between villages by cimuLs in search of food. As Spier (1923:307) noted, the entire territory was not occupied at one time, but rather the communities moved between resources in such a manner that in the course of a year all of the recognized settlements may have been occupied. While a cimuL could own, or more correctly control, a tract of land with proscribed rights, no one from another cimuL was denied access to the resources of nature (Luomala 1963:285; Spier 1923:306); since no individual owned the resources, they were to be shared.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS The Kumeyaay practiced many forms of spiritualism with the assistance of shamans and cimuL leaders. Spiritual leaders were neither elected to nor inherited their position, but achieved status because they knew all the songs involved in ceremonies (Shipek 1991) and had an inclination toward the supernatural. This could include visions, unusual powers, or other signs of communication with the worlds beyond. Important Kumeyaay ceremonies included male and female puberty rites, the fire ceremony, the whirling dance, the eclipse ceremony, the eagle dance, the cremation ceremony, and the yearly mourning ceremony (Spier 1923:311-326). Important areas of research for the Ethnohistoric Period include identifying the location of Kumeyaay settlements at the time of historic contact and during the following 50 years of the Spanish Period; delineating the effects of contact on Kumeyaay settlement/ subsistence patterns; investigating the extent to which the Kumeyaay accepted or adopted new technologies or material goods from the intrusive Spanish culture; and examining the changes to Kumeyaay religious practices as a result of contact. SPANISH PERIOD (AD 1769-1822) In spite of Juan Cabrillo's earlier landfall on Point Loma in 1542, the Spanish colonization of Alta California did not begin until 1769. Concerns over Russian and English interests in California motivated the Spanish government to send an expedition of soldiers, settlers, and missionaries to occupy and secure the northwestern borderlands of New Spain. This was to be accomplished through the establishment and cooperative inter-relationship of three institutions: the Presidio, Mission, and Pueblo. In 1769, a land expedition led by Gaspár de Portola reached San Diego Bay, where it met those who had survived the trip by sea on the San Antonio and the San Carlos. Initially camp was made on the shore of the bay in the area that is now downtown San Diego. Lack of water at this location, however, led to the movement of the camp on May 14, 1769 to a small hill closer to the San Diego River and near the Kumeyaay village of Cosoy. Father Junípero Serra arrived in July of the same year to find the Presidio serving mostly as a hospital. The Spanish built a primitive Mission and Presidio structure on the hill near the river. The first chapel was built of wooden stakes and had a roof made of tule reeds. Brush huts and temporary shelters were also built. Bad feelings soon developed between the native Kumeyaay and the soldiers, resulting in construction of a stockade whose wall was made from sticks and reeds. By 1772, the stockade included barracks for the soldiers, a storehouse for supplies, a house for the missionaries, and the chapel, which had been improved. The log and brush huts were gradually replaced with buildings made of adobe bricks. Flat earthen roofs were eventually replaced by pitched roofs with rounded roof tiles. Clay floors were eventually lined with fired-brick.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS In August 1774, the Spanish missionaries moved the Mission San Diego de Alcalá to its present location six miles up the San Diego River valley (modern Mission Valley) near the Kumeyaay village of Nipaguay. Begun as a thatched jacal chapel and compound built of willow poles, logs, and tules, the new Mission was sacked and burned in the Kumeyaay uprising of November 5, 1775. The first adobe chapel was completed in October 1776 and the present church was begun the following year. A succession of building programs through 1813 resulted in the final rectilinear plan that included the church, bell tower, sacristy, courtyard, residential complex, workshops, corrals, gardens, and cemetery (Neuerburg 1986). Orchards, reservoirs, and other agricultural installations were built to the south on the lower San Diego River alluvial terrace and were irrigated by a dam and aqueduct system. In 1798, the Spanish constructed the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in northern San Diego County. They also established three smaller Mission outposts (asistencias) at Santa Ysabel, Pala, and Las Flores (Smythe 1908; Englehardt 1920; Pourade 1961). The Mission system had a great effect on all Native American groups from the coast to the inland areas and was a dominant force in San Diego County. Life for the new settlers at the San Diego Presidio was isolated and difficult. The arid desert climate and aggressive Native American population made life hard for the Spanish settlers. They raised cattle and sheep, gathered fish and seafood, and did some subsistence farming in the San Diego River valley to generate enough food to keep the fledgling community of a few hundred Spaniards and hundreds of Native American neophytes alive. The situation for Spanish Period San Diegans was complicated by the Spanish government's insistence on making trade with foreign ships illegal. Although some smuggling of goods into San Diego was done, the amounts were likely small (Smythe 1908:81-99; Williams 1994). Significant research topics for the Spanish Period involve the chronology and ecological impact caused by the introduction of Old World plants and the spread of New World domesticates in Southern California; the differences and similarities in the lifeways, access to resources, and responses to change between different Spanish institutions; the effect of Spanish colonization on the Kumeyaay population; and the effect of changing colonial economic policies and the frontier economic system on patterns of purchase, consumption, and discard. MEXICAN PERIOD (AD 1822-1846) In 1822, the political situation changed. Mexico won its independence from Spain and San Diego became part of the Mexican Republic. The Mexican Government opened California to foreign ships and a healthy trade soon developed, exchanging the fine California cattle hides for the manufactured goods of Europe and the eastern United


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EXISTING CONDITIONS States. Several of these American trading companies erected rough sawn wood-plank sheds at La Playa on the bay side of Point Loma. The merchants used these "hide-houses" for storing the hides before transport to the east coast (Robinson 1846:12; Smythe 1908:102). As the hide trade grew, so did the need for more grazing lands. Thus, the Mexican Government began issuing private land grants in the early 1820s, creating the rancho system of large agricultural estates. Much of the land came from the Spanish missions, which the Mexican government secularized in 1833. The Mission system, however, had begun to decline when the Mission Indians became eligible for Mexican citizenship and refused to work in the Mission fields. The ranchos dominated California life until the American takeover in 1846 (Smythe 1908:101-106; Robinson 1948; Killea 1966; Pourade 1963). The Mexican Period brought about the continued displacement and acculturation of the native populations. Another change in Mexican San Diego was the decline of the Presidio and the rise of the civilian Pueblo. The establishment of Pueblos in California under the Spanish government met with only moderate success and none of the missions obtained their ultimate goal, which was to convert to a Pueblo. Pueblos did, however, begin to form somewhat spontaneously near the California Presidios. As early as 1791, Presidio commandants in California were given the authority to grant small house lots and garden plots to soldiers and their families (Richman 1911:346). Sometime after 1800, soldiers from the San Diego Presidio began to move themselves and their families from the Presidio buildings to the tableland down the hill near the San Diego River. Historian William Smythe noted that Don Blas Aguilar, who was born in 1811, remembered at least 15 such grants below Presidio Hill by 1821 (Smythe 1908:99). Of these 15 grants, only five within the boundaries of what would become Old Town had houses in 1821. These included the retired commandant Francisco Ruiz adobe (now known as the Carrillo Adobe), another building later owned by Henry Fitch on Calhoun Street, the Ybanes and Serrano houses on Juan Street near Washington Street, and a small adobe house on the main plaza owned by Juan Jose Maria Marron (San Diego Union 6-15-1873:3). By 1827, as many as 30 homes existed around the central plaza, and in 1835, Mexico granted San Diego official Pueblo (town) status. At this time the town had a population of nearly 500 residents, later reaching a peak of roughly 600 (Killea 1966:9-35). By 1835, the Presidio, once the center of life in Spanish San Diego, had been abandoned and lay in ruins. Mission San Diego de Alcalá fared little better. In 1842, 100 Indians lived under the care of the friars and only a few main buildings were habitable (Pourade 1963:11-12, 17-18). The town and the ship landing area (La Playa) were now the centers of activity in Mexican San Diego. Adobe bricks were used as the primary building material of houses during the Mexican Period because wood was scarce and dirt and labor were plentiful. The technique had been brought to the New World from Spain, where it had been introduced by the


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EXISTING CONDITIONS Moors in the eighth century. Adobe bricks were made of a mixture of clay, water sticks, weeds, small rocks, and sand. The sticks, weeds, and small rocks held the bricks together and the sand gave the clay something to stick to. The mixture was poured into a wooden form measuring about 4 inches by 11 inches by 22 inches and allowed to dry. A one-room, single-story adobe required between 2,500 and 5,000 bricks. Walls were laid on the ground or built over foundations of cobblestone from the riverbed. To make walls, the adobe bricks were stacked and held together with a thick layer of mortar (mud mixed with sand). Walls were usually three-feet-thick and provided excellent insulation from the winter cold and summer heat. To protect the adobe bricks from washing away in the rain, a white lime plaster or mud slurry was applied to the walls by hand and smoothed with a rock plaster smoother. The lime for the lime plaster was made by burning seashells in a fire. The lime was then mixed with sand and water. Once the plaster had dried, it formed a hard shell that protected the adobe bricks. The roof was usually made of carrizo cane bound with rawhide strips. Floors were usually of hard packed dirt, although tile was also used. The new Pueblo of San Diego did not prosper as did some other California towns during the Mexican Period. In 1834, the Mexican government secularized the San Diego and San Luis Rey missions. The secularization in San Diego County had the adverse effect of triggering increased Native American hostilities against the Californios during the late 1830s. The attacks on outlying ranchos, along with unstable political and economic factors helped San Diego's population decline to around 150 permanent residents by 1840. San Diego's official Pueblo status was removed by 1838 and it was made a subprefecture of the Los Angeles Pueblo. When the Americans took over after 1846, the situation had stabilized somewhat and the population had increased to roughly 350 non-Native American residents (Killea 1966:24-32; Hughes 1975:6-7). Two important areas of research for the Mexican Period are the effect of the Mexican rancho system on the Kumeyaay population and the effect of changing colonial economic policies and the frontier economic system on patterns of purchase, consumption, and discard. AMERICAN PERIOD (AD 1846-PRESENT) When United States military forces occupied San Diego in July 1846, the town's residents split on their course of action. Many of the town's leaders sided with the Americans, while other prominent families opposed the United States invasion. A group of Californios under Andres Pico, the brother of the Governor Pio Pico, harassed the occupying forces in Los Angeles and San Diego during 1846. In December 1846, Pico's Californios engaged U.S. Army forces under General Stephen Kearney at the Battle of San Pasqual and inflicted many casualties. However, the Californio resistance


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EXISTING CONDITIONS was defeated in two small battles near Los Angeles and effectively ended by January 1847 (Harlow 1982; Pourade 1963). The Americans raised the United States flag in San Diego in 1846 and assumed formal control with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848. In the quarter of a century following 1848, they transformed the Hispanic community into a thoroughly Anglo-American one. They introduced Anglo culture and society, American political institutions, and especially American entrepreneurial commerce. By 1872, they even relocated the center of the city and community to a new location that was more accessible to the bay and to commerce (Newland 1992:8). Expansion of trade brought an increase in the availability of building materials. Wood buildings gradually replaced adobe structures. Some of the earliest buildings to be erected in the American Period were "pre-fab" houses which were built on the east coast of the United States, shipped in sections around Cape Horn, and reassembled in San Diego. In 1850, the Americanization of San Diego began to develop rapidly. On February 18, 1850, the California State Legislature formally organized San Diego County. The first elections were held at San Diego and La Playa on April 1, 1850 for county officers. San Diego grew slowly during the next decade. San Diegans attempted to develop the town's interests through a transcontinental railroad plan and the development of a new town closer to the bay. The failure of these plans, in addition to the onset of the Civil War and a severe drought that crippled ranching, left San Diego as a remote frontier town. The troubles led to an actual drop in the town's population from 650 in 1850 to 539 in 1860 (Garcia 1975:77). Not until land speculator and developer Alonzo Horton arrived in 1867 did San Diego begin to develop fully into an active American town (MacPhail 1979). Alonzo Horton's development of a New San Diego (modern downtown) in 1867 began to swing the community focus away from Old Town. After the county seat was moved in 1871 and a fire destroyed a major portion of the business block in April 1872, Old Town rapidly declined in importance. American Period resources can be categorized into remains of the frontier era, rural farmsteads, and urban environments, with different research questions applicable to each category. Important research topics for the frontier era include studying the changing function of former Mexican ranchos between 1850 and 1940 and investigating the effect on lifestyles of the change from Hispanic to Anglo-American domination of the Pueblo of San Diego. Research domains for rural farmsteads include the definition of a common rural culture, comparing the definition of wealth and consumer preferences of successful rural farm families versus middle and upper-middle class urban dwellers, definition of the evolution and adaptation of rural


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EXISTING CONDITIONS vernacular architecture, and identification of the functions of external areas on farmsteads. Research questions for urban environments include definition of an urban subsistence pattern; definition of ethnic group maintenance and patterns of assimilation for identifiable ethnic groups; identification of specific adaptations to boom and bust cycles; definition of a common culture for working, middle, and upper-middle class urban residents; identification of adaptations to building techniques, architectural styles, technological change, and market fluctuations through analysis of industrial sites; and investigation of military sites to relate changes in armament technology and fortification expansion or reduction to changing priorities of national defense. ARCHITECTURE The built environment, including structures and landscapes, is a vital source of historical evidence on past lifeways, work, ideas, cultural values, and adaptations. The built environment is neither a product of random events nor a static phenomenon. The rearrangement of structural features and land use are part of the way in which people organize their lives. Landscapes are lands that have been shaped and modified by human actions and conscious design to provide housing, accommodate production systems, develop communication and transportation networks, designate social inequalities, and express aesthetics (Rubertone 1989). Vernacular architectural studies have demonstrated that pioneer farmers and urban dwellers used folk styles to meet specific needs. Analysis of these house types illustrates adaptation by households as a result of changing needs, lifestyle, and economic status. Studies of structural forms at military complexes have documented changes in technology and national defense priorities, and industrial site studies have documented technological innovation and adaptation. The spatial relationships of buildings and spaces, and changes in those relationships through time, also reflect cultural values and adaptive strategies (Carlson 1990; Stewart-Abernathy 1986). San Diego's built environment spans over 200 years of architectural history. The real urbanization of the City as it is today began in 1869 when Alonzo Horton moved the center of commerce and government from Old Town (Old San Diego) to New Town (downtown). Development spread from downtown based on a variety of factors, including the availability of potable water and transportation corridors. Factors such as views, and access to public facilities affected land values, which in turn affected the character of neighborhoods that developed. During the Victorian Era of the late 1800s and early 1900s, the areas of Golden Hill, Uptown, Banker's Hill, and Sherman Heights were developed. Examples of the Victorian Era architectural styles remain in those communities, as well as in Little Italy.


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EXISTING CONDITIONS Little Italy developed in the same time period. The earliest development of the Little Italy area was by Chinese and Japanese fishermen who occupied stilt homes along the bay. After the 1905 earthquake in San Francisco, many Portuguese and Italian fishermen moved from San Francisco into the area; it was close to the water and the distance from downtown made land more affordable. Barrio Logan began as a residential area, but because of proximity to rail freight and shipping freight docks the area became more mixed with conversion to industrial uses. This area was more suitable to the industrial uses because land values were not as high: topographically the area is more level and not as interesting in terms of views as the areas north of downtown. Various ethnic groups settled in the area because there land ownership was available to them. San Ysidro began to be developed at about the same time, the turn of the century. The early settlers were followers of the Littlelanders movement. There, the pattern of development was lots designed to accommodate small plots of land for each homeowner to farm as part of a farming-residential cooperative community. Nearby Otay Mesa-Nestor began to be developed by farmers of Germanic and Swiss background. Some of the prime citrus groves in California were in the Otay Mesa-Nestor area. In addition, there were grape growers of Italian heritage who settled in the Otay River Valley and tributary canyons and produced wine for commercial purposes. At the time downtown was being built, there began to be summer cottage/retreat developments in what are now the Beach communities and the La Jolla area. The early structures in these areas were not of substantial construction; they were primarily temporary vacation housing. Development spread to the Greater North Park and Mission Hills areas during the early 1900s. The neighborhoods were built as small lots, a single lot at a time; there was not large tract housing development of those neighborhoods. These areas provided affordable housing away from the downtown area and development expanded as transportation improved. There was farming and ranching in Mission Valley until the middle portion of the 20th century when the uses were converted to commercial and residential. There were dairy farms and chicken ranches adjacent to the San Diego River where now there are motels, restaurants, office complexes, and regional shopping malls. There was little development north of the San Diego River until Linda Vista was developed as military housing in the 1940s. The federal government improved public


15

EXISTING CONDITIONS facilities and extended water and sewer pipelines to the area. From Linda Vista, development spread north of Mission Valley to the Clairemont Mesa and Kearny Mesa areas. Development in these communities was mixed use and residential on moderate-size lots. San Diego State University was established in the 1920s. Development of the state college area began then and the development of the Navajo community was outgrowth from the college area and from the west. Tierrasanta, previously owned by the U.S. Navy, was developed in the 1970s. It was one of the first planned unit developments with segregation of uses. Tierrasanta and many of the communities that have developed since, such as Rancho Penasquitos and Rancho Bernardo, represent the typical development pattern in San Diego in the last 25 to 30 years: uses are well-segregated with commercial uses located along the main thoroughfares, and the residential uses are located in between. Industrial uses are located in planned industrial parks. Examples of every major period and style remain, although few areas retain neighborhood-level architectural integrity due to several major building booms when older structures were demolished prior to preservation movements and stricter regulations regarding historic structures. Among the recognized styles in San Diego are Spanish Colonial, Pre-Railroad New England, National Vernacular, Victorian Italianate, Stick, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Neoclassical, Shingle, Folk Victorian, Mission, Craftsman, Monterey Revival, Italian Renaissance, Spanish Eclectic, Egyptian Revival, Tudor Revival, Modernistic, and International (McAlester and McAlester 1990). Research interests related to the built environment include San Diego's railroad and maritime history; development in relationship to the automobile; the role of recreation in the development of specific industries, as well as the design and implementation of major regional planning and landscaping projects; the role of international fairs on architecture, landscape architecture, and city building; the development of industrial and military technologies between the two world wars; the relationship between climate, terrain, native plant material, local gardening, and horticultural practices; planning and subdivision practices from the turn of the century to the present day; and the post-war period of suburbanization.


16

EXISTING CONDITIONS Survey Methods and Date: Area of Potential Effects (APE) In accordance with Mitigation Measure 4.4.1, the Project APE includes Access, Loading, and Staging areas, and Project reaches in Channel 58 (Attachment 1, Figure 1). Channel 58A will not be maintained during this year’s project activities (Attachment 1, Figure 2) but the Reaches and the associated Figure are retained for discussion as they were included in the original survey. METHODS The following sections describe the methods that were used for the intensive pedestrian survey of the Project area. Survey Methods Prior to pedestrian survey of the Project APE, URS completed a records search and reviewed Project related documents. Archival research included a records search at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) for a quarter-mile radius around the project APE, as well as a supplemental buffer of an additional quarter-mile, resulting in a half-mile total records search buffer (see Attachment 2, Figure 3, and Tables 1-3, and Confidential Attachment 3, Figure 4). The document review included the Master Maintenance Program, archaeological site records, reports, aerial photos, and historical maps. After completing the records research, an intensive pedestrian survey was executed of the Project APE (Attachment 4, Figures 5a and 5b). The goal of the survey was complete coverage of the Project APE using linear transects, with surveyors spaced 10 to 15 meters apart (10-meter spacing with vegetation, 15-meter spacing with no vegetation). These thresholds were intended to be applied to the whole of the Project APE, although actual transect width varied due to dense vegetation, steep slopes, and existing development. The survey team was equipped with a Trimble XH global positioning unit, which was used to capture the geographic UTM coordinates and to record any new observations of cultural materials. On April 4, 2013, the intensive pedestrian survey of the Project APE was completed by Dimitra Zalarvis-Chase, a Registered Professional Archaeologist from URS, and Native American Monitor, Gabriel Kitchen, from Red Tail Monitoring and Research, Inc. Coverage was completed using transects, spaced at 5-meter wide intervals over the accessible survey areas. Ground visibility ranged from 0-15% in Channels 58 and 58a. Extremely thick and tall vegetation prevented 100% access to the banks of all channels. Photos of conditions in the survey area are included in Attachment 4.


17

Record Search Results This section summarizes the previous studies and cultural resources within the Project APE and within a quarter-mile radius. URS requested a records search from the SCIC on March 26, 2013 and on April 19, 2012 for a quarter-mile buffer around the project APE, as well as an additional quarter-mile buffer in order to identify previously recorded cultural resources and cultural resource investigations pertinent to the current study (Attachment 2, Figure 3). Results received from the SCIC contained specific information regarding all previously recorded prehistoric and historic sites and isolates with trinomial or primary numbers; site record forms and updates for all archaeological resources previously identified; and previous investigation boundaries and National Archaeological Database citations for associated reports, historic maps, and historic addresses. Also reviewed were the properties listed on the California Points of Historical Interest, California Historical Landmarks, California Historical Resources Inventory, local registries of historic properties, California Register of Historical Resources, and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Results from the record search revealed that 47 investigations have been previously conducted within the total records search area (Attachment 3, Tables 1-3, and Confidential Attachment 3). Of the 47 investigations, 18 investigations were conducted within the Project footprint. The SCIC identified a total of 5 previously recorded cultural resources within the records search area but outside of the Project APE (Attachment 2, Table 1, and Confidential Attachment 3, Figure 4). Two of these are prehistoric resources. One prehistoric isolate (P-37-013954) consisted of a single brown-quartzite core with an NHRP status of 6z - Ineligible for Listing. P-37-013954 was not relocated as it was mapped as being located near or under a developed apartment complex, and outside of the APE. One prehistoric site (CA-SDI-00239) has been impacted by development, resting partially underneath a tennis court. It appears to be unevaluated for the NRHP. Three historic-period resources are present within the records search area but outside of the Project APE. The Mission San Diego de Acala and its’ accompanying grounds (CA-SDI-00202) is a historic address with a NRHP status of 1S. The historic road, El Camino Real (CHL No. 784) is immediately adjacent to the Mission and is listed as a California Historic Landmark. Both resources are located east of the project area. The Franta E. Stewart Speculation House No.1 is a historic structure (c. 1927) at 5317 Wilshire Dr., and located south of the project area. The NRHP nomination for this property is currently under review. None of the historic properties are visible from the project area and will not be subject to any direct or indirect effects from the proposed project work. A review of historic aerial photographs also revealed that the current course of the


18

channel is artificial and has been diverted to an estimated 400 feet east of its original course, which would have run between its current location and Qualcomm Stadium.

Are any Native American Tribes expected to be concerned about the proposed maintenance? YES NO X If yes, identify the tribe and their potential concerns: As per the Master Maintenance Program Appendix C, Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP), consultation with the Native American Heritage Commission and the local Native American community for input regarding possible impacts to historical resources within the Project APE, particularly as they relate to traditional cultural properties and areas of Native American sensitivity, was not required. However, Native American Monitor, Gabriel Kitchen, from Red Tail Monitoring and Research, Inc. participated in the pedestrian survey of the Project APE and expressed no concerns regarding historical resources. Archaeological Survey Results: The project occurs in an area of low to moderate archaeological sensitivity. The area has well-documented historic-period settlement and agricultural use areas, with some notable historic-period structures within the project buffer. The topography and location appear to be conducive to prehistoric settlement and resource exploitation, as evidenced by the one prehistoric midden site within the ½ mile search buffer. However, as this area was one of the first to be heavily settled and cultivated by non-natives, it is likely a portion of prehistoric additional sites were destroyed before recordation could occur.

Currently, the Project APE and vicinity exhibit a high degree of industrial, commercial, and transportation development within the project and surrounding area. Cultural materials within the Project vicinity are likely disturbed or have been redeposited in the area after being transported by erosion or fluvial activity, with little potential for NRHP eligibility. The following discussion addresses these topics in relation to the survey results of the project components. No new sites or isolates were discovered as a result of the intensive pedestrian survey (Attachment 4, Figures 5a and 5b). However, ground visibility was extremely poor, hampered by thick vegetation or cement linings. Reach 1 and Reach 2 Channel 58 is a combination channel with both earthen-bottomed (Reach 1) and cement lined (Reach 2) segments. Moving water spans the width of the Reach 1 and Reach 2 ranging from 1 to possibly 4-feet deep. Due to post survey project changes, channel maintenance will occur only in Reach 1 and Reach 2.


19

The east and west banks of Reach 1 are artificially constructed of rip-rap with visibility ranging from 0-5%. Eighty-percent of the east bank, and twenty-percent of the west bank was so heavily vegetated right up to the chain-link boundary fence that access was unachievable and visibility was zero in those locations. Both reaches are immediately adjacent to west-bound Interstate 8 with an associated off-ramp and two-lane vehicle bridge near the southern terminus. Reach 1 is earthen bottomed with rip-rap sides and will incur ground disturbance to remove 7 feet of accumulated debris. However, this earthen bottomed channel is considered to have a low archaeological sensitivity because it is artificially constructed and will incur no ground disturbance beyond its original built dimensions, or original maximum depth. In addition, it is situated between the four west-bound lanes of Interstate 8 and the parking lot of Qualcomm Stadium, having been artificially integrated between two large engineering projects. Therefore, no mitigation measures are recommended for Reach 1. Reach 2, Access and Loading Areas 1A, 1B, 1C & 1D, and the Staging Area were 100% paved over with asphalt or cement with 0% ground visibility. Project plans do not include the removal or breaching of the cement or asphalt liners. No mitigation efforts are required for Reach 2 or these access and staging areas. Reach 3 and Reach 4 Channel 58a is also a combination channel with both cement lined (Reach 4) and earthen-bottomed (Reach 3) segments. Beginning at the convergence of map 58a, Reach 4 is 100% cement lined from bank to bank. Moving water spans the width of these channels ranging from 2-inches to 6-inches deep. The cement lined segment was 100% paved from bank to bank with no ground visibility.

Reach 3 is earthen-bottomed. The east bank of the earthen-bottom segment is supplemented with rip-rap for stability, while the west bank is an unreinforced, sheer wall, towering approximately 75-feet over the channel. There are multiple stream-braids within the earthen channel boundary, occasionally spanning the width of the channel and ranging in depth from 2-inches to 2-feet deep. Reach 3 was heavily vegetated which limited visibility to 0 to 15%. Although the east bank of Reach 3 has been artificially reinforced and elevated, the west bank appears to be in its original general location. Previously identified Access, Loading, and Staging Areas for Reach 3 and Reach 4 are 100% paved over with no ground visibility with the exception of the southernmost Access Area which is approximately one-third covered in asphalt. The other portion exhibits low shrubs and grasses with approximately 50% visibility. No resources were observed in the access or staging areas.


20

Reach 3, Reach 4, and all access and staging areas associated with those reaches, were removed from the proposed maintenance area after the survey was implemented. Therefore, these proposed project components will not be impacted by project activities and no mitigation measures are required. These reaches will not be discussed further in this IHA. MAINTENANCE IMPACTS Is there a moderate or high potential for archaeological resources to occur in or adjacent to the impact area: YES NO X The proposed maintenance areas within Reaches 1 and 2 have a low potential for archaeological resources because both are artificially constructed and will incur no ground disturbance beyond their original built dimensions (e.g. concrete-lined or earthen with rip-rap sides), or original maximum depth.

Additionally, the mechanical sediment removal proposed for the Murphy Channel in Reaches 1 and 2 will not occur near any known historical resources and therefore, the project is expected to have no impacts to historical resources. MITIGATION Environmental Mitigation Requirements: There are no historical mitigation requirements for this project as there are no historical resources present within the APE, and there is a low likelihood for discovering cultural material during the proposed maintenance activities. What, if any, PEIR mitigation measures are applicable? As the project stands with work occurring only in Reach 1 and Reach 2, and their associated paved access, loading, and staging areas, no mitigation measures are necessary. All applicable and potential PEIR Mitigation Measures have been included in their entirety in Attachment 5 should any unanticipated discoveries be identified during channel maintenance. What, if any, other measures are required? See site specific recommendations below. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS OR RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations No further work is recommended as the proposed maintenance will not directly or indirectly affect the resources located in the project APE.


21

None of the original or final maintenance area components discussed in this report are considered to be highly sensitive for cultural resources. If the project is modified to introduce any new project areas, especially those identified as having slightly greater potential for the presence of obscured or buried cultural deposits, additional mitigation measures will be implemented. These areas should be monitored by a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor during project-related ground disturbance. This is consistent with PEIR mitigation measure 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3. For reference, a copy of the PEIR Mitigation Measures has been included in its entirety in Attachment 5. Individual Historical Assessment Report Attachments: Attachment 1: Project Maps Attachment 2: Records Search Results Summary Attachment 3: Confidential Record Search Results Attachment 4: Survey Coverage & Project Photos Attachment 5: Applicable PEIR Mitigation Measures Attachment 6: Confidential Paleontological Record Search Results References: Almstedt, Ruth

1980 Ethnohistoric Documentation of Puerta La Cruz, San Diego County, California. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation, District 11.

Bada, Jeffrey L., Roy A. Schroeder and George F. Carter 1974 New Evidence for the Antiquity of Man in North America Deduced

from Aspartic Acid Racemization. Science 184:791-793. Carlson, Shawn Bonath

1990 The Persistence of Traditional Lifeways in Central Texas. Historical Archaeology 24(4):50-59.

Carter, George F. 1957 Pleistocene Man at San Diego. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. 1980 Earlier Than You Think: A Personal view of Man in America. College

Station: Texas A & M University Press. Christenson, Lynne E.

1990 The Late Prehistoric Yuman People of San Diego County, California: Their Settlement and Subsistence System. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University.

City of San Diego 2001 San Diego Municipal Code, Land Development Code, Historical

Resources Guidelines. Adopted September 28, 1999, Amended June 6, 2000 by Resolution No. R-293254-3 and Amended April 30, 2001 by City Manager Document No. C-10912.


22

2011a Master Storm Water Maintenance Program. San Diego, California: October 2011

2011b Final Recirculated Master Storm Water System Maintenance Program PEIR. San Diego, California: October 2011.

Davis, Emma Lou, Clark W. Brott and David L. Weide 1969 The Western Lithic Co-Tradition. San Diego Museum Papers No. 6.

Davis, Emma Lou, and Richard Shutler, Jr. 1969 Recent Discoveries of Fluted Points in California and Nevada. Nevada

State Museum Anthropological Papers 14:154-169. Englehardt, Fr. Zephyrin

1920 San Diego Mission. San Francisco: The James H. Barry Co. Garcia, Mario T.

1975 Merchants and Dons: San Diego's Attempt at Modernization 1850-1860. Journal of San Diego History 21 (Winter):52-88.

Harlow, Neal 1982 California Conquered: The Annexation of a Mexican Province 1846-

1850. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hector, Susan M.

1984 Late Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Activities in Southern San Diego County, California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Hughes, Charles 1975 The Decline of the Californios: The Case of San Diego 1846-1856.

Journal of San Diego History 21 (Summer):1-32. Killea, Lucy L.

1966 The Political History of a Mexican Pueblo: San Diego from 1825-1845. Journal of San Diego History 12 (July):5-35.

Luomala, Katharine 1963 Flexibility in Sib Affiliation among the Diegueño. Ethnology 2(3):282-

301. MacPhail, Elizabeth C. McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester

1990 A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Minshall, Herbert L.

1976 The Broken Stones: The Case for Early Man in California. La Jolla: Copley Books.

1983 Geological Support for the Age Deduced by Aspartic Acid Racemization of a Human Skull Fragment from La Jolla Shores, San Diego, California. Cultural Resource Management Center Casual Papers 1(3):65-75. Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University.

1989 Buchanan Canyon: Ancient Human Presence in the Americas. San Marcos: Slawson Communications.

Moratto, Michael 1984 California Archaeology. Orlando: Academic Press.


23

Moriarty, James R. 1969 The San Dieguito Complex: Suggested Environmental and Cultural

Relationships. Anthropological Journal of Canada 7(3):2-17. Moriarty, James R., III, and Herbert L. Minshall

1972 A New Pre-Desert Site Discovered near Texas Street. Anthropological Journal of Canada 10(3):10-13.

Neuerberg, Norman 1986 The Changing Face of Mission San Diego. The Journal of San Diego

History 32(1): 1-26. Newland, James D.

1992 The Americanization of the Cultural Landscape of Frontier San Diego 1846-1872. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University.

Pacific Southwest Railway Museum 2003 Railway History. Pacific Southwest Railway Museum, 12 October 2003

<http://www.sdrm.org/history/> (4 April 2013) Pourade, Richard F.

1961 The History of San Diego: Time of the Bells. San Diego: Union-Tribune Publishing Co.

1963 The History of San Diego: The Silver Dons. San Diego: Union-Tribune Publishing Co.

Reeves, Brian O.K. 1985 Early Man in the Americas: Who, When, and Why. In Woman, Poet,

Scientist: Essays in New World Anthropology Honoring Dr. Emma Louise Davis, edited by Clark W. Brott, pp. 79-104. Socorro: Ballena Press.

Reeves, Brian O.K., John M.D. Pohl and Jason W. Smith 1986 The Mission Ridge Site and the Texas Street Question. In New Evidence

for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas, edited by Alan L. Bryan, pp. 65-80. Orono: Center for the Study of Early Man.

Richman, Irving 1911 California Under Spain and Mexico. Boston: Houghlin-Mifflin

Company. Robbins-Wade, Mary

1990 Prehistoric Settlement Patterns of Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University.

Robinson, Alfred 1846 Life in California. New York: Wiley & Putnum.

Robinson, W.W. 1948 Land in California. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Rogers, Malcolm J. 1929 The Stone Art of the San Dieguito Plateau. American Anthropologist

31:454-467. 1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. San Diego: Union-Tribune Publishing.


24

Rubertone, Patricia E. 1989 Landscape as Artifact: Comments on "The Archaeological Use of

Landscape Treatment in Social, Economic and Ideological Analysis". Historical Archaeology 23(1):5-54.

San Diego Union 1873 June 15, 1873 Issue.

Shipek, Florence 1963 Kumeyaay (Diegueño-Kamia) Land Use and Agriculture. Report to

Attorneys' Docket 80, Mission Indian Land Claims Case. 1989 An Example of Intensive Plant Husbandry: The Kumeyaay of Southern

California. In Foraging and Farming, edited by Davis R. Harris and Gordon C. Hillman. London: Uniwin Hyman.

1991 Delphina Cuero: her autobiography, an account of her last years, and her ethnobotanic contributions. Menlo Park: Ballena Press.

Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

2013 Web Soil Survey. Available online at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Accessed April 9, 2013.

Spier, Leslie 1923 Southern Diegueño Customs. University of California Publications in

American Archaeology and Ethnology 20:292-358. Smythe, William E.

1908 The History of San Diego 1542-1908: An Account of the Rise and Progress of the Pioneer Settlement on the Pacific Coast of the United States. San Diego: The History Company.

Stewart-Abernathy, Leslie C. 1986 Urban Farmsteads: Household Responsibilities in the City. Historical

Archaeology 20(2):5-15. Strand, R. G.

1962 Geologic Map of California: San Diego-El Centro Sheet, Scale 1:250000. California Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento.

Taylor, R.E., L.A. Payen, C.A. Prior, P.J. Slota, Jr., R. Gillespie, J.A.J. Gowlett, R.E.M. Hedges, A.J.T. Jull, T.H. Zabel, D.J. Donahue and R. Berger

1985 Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectromety: None Older than 11,000 C-14 Years B.P. American Antiquity 50:136-140.

Warren, Claude N. 1966 The San Dieguito Type Site: Malcolm J. Rogers' 1938 Excavation on the

San Dieguito River. San Diego Museum Papers No. 5. 1967 The San Dieguito Complex: A Review and Hypothesis. American

Antiquity 32:168-185. Williams, Jack

1994 Personal interview with James D. Newland (September 16, 1994).

ATTACHMENT 1

Individual Historical Assessment Report – Murphy Canyon Channel

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VICINITY MAPMURPHY CANYON CHANNEL

MASTER STORM WATER MAINTENANCE PROGRAMCITY OF SAN DIEGO

CREATED BY: PM

PM: BE PROJ. NO: 27679954.14300

DATE: 4/30/2013 FIG. NO:1

O

Area of Potential Effects

USGS 7.5' Quadrangle Boundary

SCALE CORRECT WHEN PRINTED AT 8.5x11

1" = 1,200' (1:14,400)

600 0 600 1200 Feet

Channel 58

Channel 58A

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Stockpile &Staging Area

Access Area D

Access Area C

Access Area B

Access Area A

Reach 4

Reach 3

Reach 2

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AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS (APE)MURPHY CANYON CHANNEL


CREATED BY: PM

PM: BE PROJ. NO: 27679954.14300

DATE: 11/7/2013 FIG. NO:2

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Staging Area

H&H Work Area (Reach 1 & 2 only)

USGS 7.5' Quadrangle Boundary

SCALE CORRECT WHEN PRINTED AT 8.5x11

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ATTACHMENT 2


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CULTURAL RECORD SEARCHMURPHY CANYON CHANNEL


CREATED BY: PM

PM: BE PROJ. NO: 27679954.14200

DATE: 4/30/2013 FIG. NO:3

O

Cultural APE (H&H Work Area, Access Areas, Staging Areas)

Quarter Mile Record Search Buffer

Supplemental Half Mile Record Search Buffer

H&H Work Area

Public Land Survey System

USGS 7.5' Quad Boundary

1000 0 1000 2000 Feet

SCALE: 1" = 2000' (1:24,000)SCALE CORRECT WHEN PRINTED AT 8.5X11

Table 1. Previously Recorded Sites Within a 1/2-mile Radius of the Project Area

Resource

IdentifierDescription

Site Type

(Prehistoric,

Historic, or Multi-

Component)

Significance/

Eligibility Status

Date Recorded and

Recorder/Evaluator

Within project

footprint

(Project Site, T-line)

or Search Buffer?

IC/Search Date

P-37-013954 Isolate - brown

quartzite core

Prehistoric NRHP Status 6Z - Found

ineligible for listing in the

National Register through

an evaluation process other

than those mentioned in

status codes 6X and 6Y.

3/7/1995 by R. Alter, G.

Westlund, and M. Robbins-

Wade

Search Buffer 4/1/2013

CA-SDI-00239 Extensive surface

scatter of bone,

shell, pottery,

rock, flakes, and

artifacts

Prehistoric None noted. Likely

continues under adjacent

tennis court.

Kall 1951 Search Buffer 4/29/2013

CA-SDI-

00202/10818

San Diego

Mission RD

San Diego

Mission Church

Historic Address

c. 1808

CHL No. 242.; NRIS

National Register

Information System No.

70000144; NRHP Status

Code 1S

1970; Author Unknown Search Buffer 4/29/2013

El Camino Real -

Historic Road

10818 SAN

DIEGO MISSION

Rd

Historic Address CHL No. 784 Unknown Search Buffer 4/29/2013

THE FRANTA E.

STEWART

SPECULATION

HOUSE NO. 1

5317 WILSHIRE

DRIVE

Historic Address

c. 1927

Nominated in 2011; not yet

determined

R. May 2011 Search Buffer 4/29/2013

Table 2. Previous Investigations Within a 1/4-mile Radius of the Project Area

N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date

Prepared Prepared By Prepared For Quadrangle

Within Project

Footprint/Feature

or Search Buffer

1120077 A Report of Cultural Impact Survey Phase I,

Project: 11-SD-15

1974 Ainsworth, Peter

W.

CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint

1120228 Archaeological Survey of the Rancho Mission Road

Site San Diego, California

1976 Carrico, Richard Unknown LA MESA Project Footprint

1120516 A Report of Cultural Impact Survey Phase 1 1974 Cupples, Sue Ann California

Department of

Transportation

LA MESA Project Footprint

1120546 An Archaeological Survey of the San Diego River

Valley

1975 Cupples, Sue Ann Unknown LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Project Footprint

1120816 First Addendum Archaeological Survey Report for

Route 15/8 Interchange 11-SD-15 R5.6/R5.9 11-SD-

08 5]1/6.3 11206-048161

1980 Goldberg, Donna CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint

1121704 Second Addendum Archaeological Survey Report

for Route 8/15 Interchange 11-SD-15 R6.0/R7.0 11-

SD-08 5.1/6.3 11206-048161

1980 Price, Harry J. Jr. CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint

1122240 Negative Archaeological Survey Report I-15

between R7.0/R8.9

1991 Cooley, Theodore CALTRANS LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Project Footprint

1122628 Historic Properties Inventory Report for the

Mission Valley Water Reclamation Project, San

Diego, California

1990 Carrico, Richard et

el.

City of San Diego LA MESA, LA

JOLLA, DEL

MAR, POINT

LOMA

Project Footprint

1122929 Results of a Cultural Resource Evaluation Study for

the Padre Dam Municipal Water District Phase I

Reclaimed Water System Project

1993 Smith, Brian F. Dudek and

Associates, Inc.


1124230 A Report of Cultural Impact Survey Phase One,

Performed SDSU Foundation for the California

Department of Transportation, District 11, Project

11-SD-15

1974 Ainsworth, Peter California

Department of

Transportation


1125770 Historic Property Survey for Route 8/15

Interchange

1981 Goldberg, Donna CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint


N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project

Footprint/Feature

or Search Buffer

1126221 A Phase 1 Cultural Resources Investigation of the

Vesta Telecommunications Inc. Fiber Optic

Alignment, River County to San Diego County

California

2000 McKenna,

Jeanette A.

Applied Planning LA MESA, LA

JOLLA,

NATIONAL CITY,

PECHANGA,

IMPERIAL

BEACH,

TEMECULA

Project Footprint

1126499 A Report of Cultural Impact Survey Phase I 1974 Ezell, Paul CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint

1126579 Negative Archaeological Survey Stonecrest

Development Project

1990 Pigniolo, Andrew CALTRANS LA MESA Project Footprint

1131826 Archaeological Resources Analysis for the Master

Stormwater System Maintenance

Program, San Diego, California Project. No. 42891

2008 Robbins-Wade,

Mary

Helix

Environmental

Planning

LA MESA, LA

JOLLA, DEL

MAR, IMPERIAL

BEACH, OTAY,

POWAY, MESA,

ESCONDIDO,

NATIONAL CITY,

POINT LOMA

Project Footprint

1132200 Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Master

Stormwater System Maintenance Program

(MSWSMP)

2009 Herrmann, Myra City of San Diego

Development

Services

Department

LA MESA, LA

JOLLA, DEL

MAR, NATIONAL

CITY, POWAY,

ESCONDIDO,

POINT LOMA

Project Footprint

1132509 Stadium Channel (Murphy Canyon) Storm Water

Maintenance Emergency Clearing Project -

Individual Historic Assessment

2009 Robbins-Wade,

Mary

Storm Water

Department



N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project

Footprint/Feature

or Search Buffer

1133202 Cultural Resources Technical Assessment for the

Program Environmental Impact Report for the San

Diego River Park Master Plan, City of San Diego,

California

2011 Rosen, Martin D. City of San Diego LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Project Footprint

1120270 An Archaeological Survey of the Area Affected by

the Proposed Rezoning of Lot 44, Rancho Mission,

San Diego

1973 Bull, Charles S.

and Paul H. Ezell

Shappel

Industries

LA MESA Search Buffer

1120702 Archaeological/Historical Survey of the Murphy

Canyon Project

1978 Eckhardt, Leslie C. Daley

Corporation

LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Search Buffer

1122991 Archaeological Resources Inventory for Stonecrest

Village, San Diego, California

1995 Robbins-Wade,

Mary

Helix

Environmental

Planning, Inc.


1125049 Archaeological Survey Report for the Revised I-8/I-

15 Interchange Stage II 11-SD-15 P.M. R5.6/R6.5

1982 Graham, William CALTRANS LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Search Buffer

1129516 The Cemeteries and Gravestones of San Diego

County: An Archaeological Study

2005 Caterino, David San Diego State

University,

Department of

Anthropology


1129612 Archaeological Resources Inventory SDG&E - Navy

Easement Murphy Canyon Housing and Mission

Gorge Recreation Facility, San Diego, California

2005 Robbins-Wade,

Mary

Department of

the Navy


Table 3. Previous Investigations Within a 1/4 to 1/2‐mile Radius of the Project Area

N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project

Footprint/Feature or

Search Buffer

1122444 HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL AND

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. NAVAL STATION

(NAVSTA). ERCE. Unpublished Report on file at SCIC,

SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY, SAN DIEGO, CA

92182.

1974 CLEVENGER,

JOYCE AND

SUSAN CARRICO

U S NAVY

SOUTHWEST

DIVISION


1122960 NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT, 11-

SD-8, P.M. 3.9/4.9,11290-050021, 11-SD-805,

P.M.17.2/18/2, 11290-050031. CALTRANS. Unpublished

Report on file at SOUTH COASTAL INFORMATION

CENTER.

1994 CALTRANS CALTRANS LA MESA, LA

JOLLA

Search Buffer

1123110 DRAFT HISTORIC PROPERTIES INVENTORY FOR

THE EAST MISSION GORGE TRUNK SEWER

REHABILITATION PROJECT, CITY OF SAN DIEGO.

GALLEGOS AND ASSOCIATES. Unpublished Report on

file at SOUTH COASTAL INFORMATION CENTER,

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

1995 KYLE, CAROLYN E.

AND DENNIS R.

GALLEGOS

DUDEK AND

ASSOCIATES, INC


1123228 EAST MISSION GORGE TRUNK SEWER (EMGTS)

REHABILITATION. CITY OF SAN DIEGO. Unpublished

Report on file at SOUTH COASTAL INFORMATION

CENTER.

1995 MONSERRATE,

LAURENCE C.

CITY OF SAN

DIEGO


1123679 CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY FOR THE BAIN

PROPERTY, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA (DEP NO 93-

0672). J.C. BENET. Unpublished Report on file at

SOUTH COASTAL INFORMATION CENTER, SAN

DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY.

1995 WADE, SUE A THE CITY OF SAN

DIEGO, PLANNING

DEPARTMENT



N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project


Search Buffer

1124296 ARCHAEOLOGICAL HISTORICAL RECONNAISSANCE

FOR THE PROPOSED MURPHY CANYON HEIGHTS

COMISSARY PROJECT, SAN DIEGO, CA. WESTEC.

Unpublished Report on file at SOUTH COASTAL

INFORMATION CENTER, SAN DIEGO STATE

UNIVERSITY.

1982 CARRICO,

RICHARD

U S NAVY

WESTERN

DIVISION


1124769 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE

EAST MISSION GORGE TRUNK SEWER

REHABILITATION PROJECT, SAN DIEGO, CA. CITY

OF SAN DIEGO. Unpublished Report on file at SOUTH

COASTAL INFORMATION CENTER, SAN DIEGO

STATE UNIVERSITY.

1995 CITY OF SAN

DIEGO

DEVELOPMENT

SERVICES

DEPARTMENT


1125655 PROPOSED MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION

OF THE GROUP JOB NO. 480. CITY OF SAN DIEGO.

Unpublished Report on file at South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University.

1994 CITY OF SAN

DIEGO

CITY OF SAN

DIEGO


1125967 NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR FREIBERG

RESIDENCE. CITY OF SAN DIEGO. Unpublished

Report on file at South Coastal Information Center, San

Diego State University.

2001 CITY OF SAN

DIEGO

ROBERT THEILE LA MESA Search Buffer

1126115 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE

PROPOSED MISSION CITY SPECIFIC PLAN EIR. ASM

AFFILIATES. Unpublished Report on file at South

Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University.

1997 COOK, JOHN LETTIERI-

McINTYRE &

ASSOC

LA JOLLA Search Buffer


N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project


Search Buffer

1126644 NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY-

INTERSTATE 8 & 805 MISSION VALLEY. MARTIN

ROSEN. Unpublished Report on file at South Coastal

Information Center, San Diego State University.

1994 ROSEN, MARTIN CITY OF SAN

DIEGO


1128342 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE RACHAL

PROJECT, SAN DIEGO CALIFORNIA (LDR 42-0755,

PTS NO.2547) ASSESSOR'S PARCEL NUMBER 439-

500-12. BRIAN SMITH & ASSOC. Unpublished Report

on file at South Coastal Information Center, San Diego

State University.

2003 PIERSON, LARRY CITY OF SAN

DIEGO


1128892 CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY FOR A FIVE-ACRE

PARCEL LOCATED IN THE MISSION VALLEY AREA

OF THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. KYLE

CONSULTING. Unpublished Report on file at South


2003 KYLE, CAROLYN HELIX

ENVIRONMENTAL

PLANNING, INC


1129088 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT FOR

CINGULAR WIRELESS FACILITY SD791-03 CITY OF

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. KYLE CONSULTING.

Unpublished Report on file at South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University.

2002 KYLE, CAROLYN PARATUS, INC LA MESA Search Buffer


N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project


Search Buffer

1129526 Cultural Resource Survey for a Five-Acre Parcel Located

in the Mission Valley Area of the City of San Diego,

California. Kyle Consulting. Unpublished Report on file at

South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State

University.


ENVIRONMENTAL

PLANNING, INC


1129748 Archaeological Monitoring for the San Diego River

Wetland Creation Project-Phase A, City of San Diego,

California PTS #6020, LDR 42-0077 (JO#008212). ASM

Affiliates. Unpublished Report on file at South Coastal

Information Center, San Diego State University.

2005 BECKER, MARK City od San Diego:

Rich Grunow


1130598 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY FOR A FIVE-ACRE

PARCEL LOCATED IN THE MISSION VALLEY AREA

OF THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. KYLE

CONSULTING. Unpublished Report on file at South



ENVIRONMENTAL

PLANNING, INC


1130940

CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY AND

EVALUTION OF UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE

63D REGIONAL READINESS COMMAND FACILITES.

PAR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Unpublished

Report on file at South Coastal Information Center, San

Diego State University.

2007 BAKER, CINDY L. &

MARY L. MANIERY

U S ARMY

RESERVE


1131022 MISSION SAN DIEGO DE ALCALA: HISTORIC SITE

BOARD DOCUMENTS. Unpublished Report on file at

South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State

University.

Not Noted VARIOUS Not Noted LA MESA Search Buffer


N.A.D.B # /

RI #Report Title

Date


Within Project


Search Buffer

1131500 MISSION SAN DIEGO DE ALCALA: MISCELLANEOUS

DOCUMENTS. Unpublished Report on file at South


Not Noted VARIOUS Not Noted LA MESA Search Buffer

1131823 CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR

THE SAN DIEGO VEGETATION MANGEMENT

PROJECT. URS. Unpublished Report on file at South


2007 KICK, MAUREEN S. FEMA DEL MAR, LA

JOLLA, , EL

CAJON, LA

MESA, POWAY,

NATIONAL CITY

Search Buffer

1132670 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR

THE PACIFIC COAST OFFICE BUILDING PROJECT.

CITY OF SAN DIEGO DEVELOPMENT SERVICES

DEPARTMENT. Unpublished Report on file at South


2010 CITY OF SAN

DIEGO.

Not Noted LA MESA Search Buffer

1132740 SR-15 MID-CITY BUS RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT.

ROSEN, MARTIN Unpublished Report on file at South


2010 ROSEN, MARTIN D. DEPARTMENT OF

TRANSPORTATIO

N


ATTACHMENT 4


AccessArea

AccessArea

Staging Area

AccessArea

Channel 58

FRIARS RD

SAN DIEGO MISSION RD

!"a$

Reach 1

Reach 2

Path

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4/30

/201

3,3:

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6PM

SOURCES: Survey Area (City of San Diego, 2012). Cultural Survey(URS, 2013).

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY COVERAGEMURPHY CANYON CHANNEL


CREATED BY: LR

PM: BE PROJ. NO: 27679954.14200

FIG. NO:5ASCALE: 1" = 350' (1:4,200)

175 0 175 350 Feet

OSCALE CORRECT WHEN PRINTED AT 8.5X11

DATE: 4/30/2013

Intensive Survey Coverage

Survey Prohibited by Thick Vegetation

Reach1

2

Staging Area 1

AccessArea 3

AccessArea 2

AccessArea 1

Channel 58A

Channel 58B

Staging Area 1A

Reach 4

Reach 3

Reach 5

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RD

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Path

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY COVERAGEMURPHY CANYON CHANNEL


CREATED BY: LR

PM: BE PROJ. NO: 27679954.14200

FIG. NO:5BSCALE: 1" = 350' (1:4,200)

175 0 175 350 Feet

OSCALE CORRECT WHEN PRINTED AT 8.5X11

DATE: 4/30/2013

Intensive Survey Coverage

Survey Prohibited by Thick Vegetation

Reach3

4

5

SOURCES: Survey Area (City of San Diego, 2012). Cultural Survey(URS, 2013).

Project: Murphy Canyon Channel Maintenance Project No. 27679954 04/04/2013

PHOTO LOG

Camera Format/Film Type: Digital Original Media Kept at: URS Corporation, 4225 Executive Square, Suite 1600, La Jolla CA 92037

Photo #: 32 View: E South end of Channel 58 – poor ground visibility

Photo #: 34 View: N Impassible vegetation heading north on the west side of Channel 58

Photo #: 37 View: S Channel 58 - Artificial west bank and low visibility

Photo #: 41 View: E Channel 58 - Cement lined with sediments and plants

Photo #: 42 View: N Channel 58 – Overview of cement-lined northern segment

Photo #: 43 View: N Cement lined convergence of Channel 58a & 58b

Project: Murphy Canyon Channel Maintenance Project No. 27679954 04/04/2013

PHOTO LOG

Camera Format/Film Type: Digital Original Media Kept at: URS Corporation, 4225 Executive Square, Suite 1600, La Jolla CA 92037

Photo #: 44 View: N Impassible vegetation heading north-west on the east bank of Channel 58b

Photo #: 45 View: NW Channel 58a – Cement-lined from bank to bank

Photo #: 46 View: N Channel 58a – Earthen-bottom segment with moving water

Photo #: 47 View: NW Channel 58a – Earthern-bottom segment; slumping sheer west bank

Photo #: 48 View: N Channel 58a –Dense vegetation and water

Photo #: 50 View: N Channel 58a – Northern terminus of APE

ATTACHMENT 5


Appendix C - Attachment 4, Page 1 of 8

Attachment 4

Applicable PEIR Mitigation Measures

GENERAL

General Mitigation 1: Prior to commencement of work, the Assistant Deputy Director (ADD) Environmental Designee of the Entitlements Division shall verify that mitigation measures for impacts to biological resources (Mitigation Measures 4.3.1 through 4.3.20), historical resources (Mitigation Measures 4.4.1 and 4.4.2), land use policy (Mitigation Measures 4.1.1 through 4.1.13), paleontological resources (Mitigation Measure 4.7.1), and water quality (Mitigation Measures 4.8.1 through 4.8.3) have been included in entirety on the submitted maintenance documents and contract specifications, and included under the heading, "Environmental Mitigation Requirements." In addition, the requirements for a Pre-maintenance Meeting shall be noted on all maintenance documents.

General Mitigation 2: Prior to the commencement of work, a Pre-maintenance Meeting shall be conducted and include, as appropriate, the MMC, SWD Project Manager, Biological Monitor, Historical Monitor, Paleontological Monitor, Water Quality Specialist, and Maintenance Contractor, and other parties of interest.

General Mitigation 3: Prior to the commencement of work, evidence of compliance with other permitting authorities is required, if applicable. Evidence shall include either copies of permits issued, letters of resolution issued by the Responsible Agency documenting compliance, or other evidence documenting compliance and deemed acceptable by the ADD Environmental Designee.

HISTORICAL RESOURCES

Mitigation Measure 4.4.3: Prior to initiating any maintenance activity where the IHA identifies a moderate to high potential for the occurrence of significant historical resources within the APE, the following actions shall be taken:

4.4.3.1 Prior to Permit Issuance or Bid Opening/Bid Award

A. Entitlements Plan Check

1. Prior to permit issuance or Bid Opening/Bid Award, whichever is applicable, the Assistant Deputy Director (ADD) Environmental designee shall verify that the requirements for Archaeological Monitoring and Native American monitoring have been noted on the applicable maintenance documents through the plan check process.

B. Letters of Qualification have been submitted to ADD 1. Prior to Bid Award, the applicant shall submit a letter of verification to Mitigation Monitoring Coordination (MMC) identifying the Principal Investigator (PI) for the project and the names of all persons involved in the archaeological monitoring program, as defined in the City of San Diego Historical Resources Guidelines

1. (HRG). If applicable, individuals involved in the archaeological monitoring program must have completed the 40-hour HAZWOPER training with certification documentation.


2. MMC will provide a letter to the applicant confirming the qualifications of the PI and all persons involved in the archaeological monitoring of the project meet the qualifications established in the HRG.

3. Prior to the start of work, the applicant must obtain written approval from MMC for any personnel changes associated with the monitoring program.

4.4.3.2 Prior to Start of Maintenance

A. Verification of Records Search

1. The PI shall provide verification to MMC that a site specific records search (1/4 mile radius) has been completed. Verification includes, but is not limited to a copy of a confirmation letter from South Coastal Information Center, or, if the search was in-house, a letter of verification from the PI stating that the search was completed.

2. The letter shall introduce any pertinent information concerning expectations and probabilities of discovery during trenching and/or grading activities.

3. The PI may submit a detailed letter to MMC requesting a reduction to the ¼ mile radius.

B. PI Shall Attend Pre-maintenance Meetings

1. Prior to beginning any work that requires monitoring; the Applicant shall arrange a Pre-maintenance Meeting that shall include the PI, Native American consultant/monitor (where Native American resources may be impacted), Maintenance Manager (MM) and/or Grading Contractor, Resident Engineer (RE), Building Inspector (BI), if appropriate, and MMC. The qualified Archaeologist and Native American Monitor shall attend any grading/excavation related Premaintenance Meetings to make comments and/or suggestions concerning the Archaeological Monitoring program with the Maintenance Manager and/or Grading Contractor.

a. If the PI is unable to attend the Pre-maintenance Meeting, the Applicant shall schedule a focused Pre-maintenance Meeting with MMC, the PI, RE, MM or BI, if appropriate, prior to the start of any work that requires monitoring.

2. Acknowledgement of Responsibility for Curation (CIP or Other Public Projects)

The applicant shall submit a letter to MMC acknowledging their responsibility for the cost of curation associated with all phases of the archaeological monitoring program.

3. Identify Areas to be Monitored

Prior to the start of any work that requires monitoring, the PI shall submit an Archaeological Monitoring Exhibit (AME) (with verification that the AME has been reviewed and approved by the Native American consultant/monitor when Native American resources may be impacted) based on the appropriate maintenance documents (reduced to 11x17) to MMC identifying the areas to be monitored including the delineation of grading/excavation limits.

The AME shall be based on the results of a site specific records search as well as information regarding the age of existing pipelines, laterals and associated appurtenances and/or any known soil conditions (native or formation). MMC shall notify the PI that the AME has been approved.

4. When Monitoring Will Occur

a. Prior to the start of any work, the PI shall also submit a maintenance schedule to MMC through


the RE indicating when and where monitoring will occur.

b. The PI may submit a detailed letter to MMC prior to the start of work or during maintenance requesting a modification to the monitoring program.

This request shall be based on relevant information such as review of final maintenance documents which indicate conditions such as age of existing pipe to be replaced, depth of excavation and/or site graded to bedrock, etc., which may reduce or increase the potential for resources to be present.

5. Approval of AME and Maintenance Schedule

After approval of the AME by MMC, the PI shall submit to MMC written authorization of the AME and Maintenance Schedule from the MM.

4.4.3.3 During Maintenance

A. Monitor Shall be Present During Grading/Excavation/Trenching

1. The Archaeological Monitor shall be present full-time during all soil disturbing and grading/excavation/trenching activities which could result in impacts to archaeological resources as identified on the AME. The Maintenance Manager is responsible for notifying the RE, PI, and MMC of changes to any maintenance activities such as in the case of a potential safety concern within the area being monitored. In certain circumstances OSHA safety requirements may necessitate modification of the AME.

2. The Native American consultant/monitor shall determine the extent of their presence during soil disturbing and grading/excavation/trenching activities based on the AME and provide that information to the PI and MMC. If prehistoric resources are encountered during the Native American consultant/monitor’s absence, work shall stop and the Discovery Notification Process detailed in Sections 4.4.3.3.B-C and 4.4.3.4-A-D shall commence.

3. The PI may submit a detailed letter to MMC during maintenance requesting a modification to the monitoring program when a field condition such as modern disturbance post-dating the previous grading/trenching activities, presence of fossil formations, or when native soils are encountered that may reduce or increase the potential for resources to be present.

4. The archaeological and Native American consultant/monitor shall document field activity via the Consultant Site Visit Record (CSVR). The CSVR’s shall be faxed by the MM to the RE the first day of monitoring, the last day of monitoring, monthly (Notification of Monitoring Completion), and in the case of ANY discoveries. The RE shall forward copies to MMC.

B. Discovery Notification Process

1. In the event of a discovery, the Archaeological Monitor shall direct the contractor to temporarily divert all soil disturbing activities, including but not limited to digging, trenching, excavating or grading activities in the area of discovery and in the area reasonably suspected to overlay adjacent resources and immediately notify the RE or BI, as appropriate.

2. The Monitor shall immediately notify the PI (unless Monitor is the PI) of the discovery.

3. The PI shall immediately notify MMC by phone of the discovery, and shall also submit written documentation to MMC within 24 hours by fax or email with photos of the resource in context, if possible.


4. No soil shall be exported off-site until a determination can be made regarding the significance of the resource specifically if Native American resources are encountered.

C. Determination of Significance

1. The PI and Native American consultant/monitor, where Native American resources are discovered shall evaluate the significance of the resource. If Human Remains are involved, follow protocol in Section 4.4.3.4 below.

a. The PI shall immediately notify MMC by phone to discuss significance determination and shall also submit a letter to MMC indicating whether additional mitigation is required.

b. If the resource is significant, the PI shall submit an Archaeological Data Recovery Program (ADRP) and obtain written approval of the program from MMC, MM and RE. ADRP and any mitigation must be approved by MMC, RE and/or MM before ground disturbing activities in the area of discovery will be allowed to resume. Note: If a unique archaeological site is also an historical resource as defined in CEQA Section 15064.5, then the limits on the amount(s) that a project applicant may be required to pay to cover mitigation costs as indicated in CEQA Section 21083.2 shall not apply.

(1). Note: For pipeline trenching and other linear projects in the public Right-of-Way, the PI shall implement the Discovery Process for Pipeline Trenching projects identified below under “D.”

c. If the resource is not significant, the PI shall submit a letter to MMC indicating that artifacts will be collected, curated, and documented in the Final Monitoring Report. The letter shall also indicate that that no further work is required.

(1). Note: For Pipeline Trenching and other linear projects in the public Right-of-Way, if the deposit is limited in size, both in length and depth; the information value is limited and is not associated with any other resource; and there are no unique features/artifacts associated with the deposit, the discovery should be considered not significant.

(2). Note, for Pipeline Trenching and other linear projects in the public Right-of-Way, if significance cannot be determined, the Final Monitoring Report and Site Record (DPR Form 523A/B) shall identify the discovery as Potentially Significant.

D. Discovery Process for Significant Resources - Pipeline Trenching and other Linear Projects in the Public Right-of-Way The following procedure constitutes adequate mitigation of a significant discovery encountered during pipeline trenching activities or for other linear project types within the Public Right-of-Way including but not limited to excavation for jacking pits, receiving pits, laterals, and manholes to reduce impacts to below a level of significance:

1. Procedures for documentation, curation and reporting

a. One hundred percent of the artifacts within the trench alignment and width shall be documented in-situ, to include photographic records, plan view of the trench and profiles of side walls, recovered, photographed after cleaning and analyzed and curated. The remainder of the deposit within the limits of excavation (trench walls) shall be left intact.

b. The PI shall prepare a Draft Monitoring Report and submit to MMC via the RE as indicated in Section 4.4.3.6-A.

c. The PI shall be responsible for recording (on the appropriate State of California Department of Park and Recreation forms-DPR 523 A/B) the resource(s) encountered during the Archaeological


Monitoring Program in accordance with the City’s Historical Resources Guidelines. The DPR forms shall be submitted to the South Coastal Information Center for either a Primary Record or SDI Number and included in the Final Monitoring Report.

d. The Final Monitoring Report shall include a recommendation for monitoring of any future work in the vicinity of the resource.

4.4.3.4 Discovery of Human Remains

If human remains are discovered, work shall halt in that area and no soil shall be exported off-site until a determination can be made regarding the provenance of the human remains; and the following procedures as set forth in CEQA Section 15064.5(e), the California Public Resources Code (Sec. 5097.98) and State Health and Safety Code (Sec. 7050.5) shall be undertaken:

A. Notification

1. Archaeological Monitor shall notify the RE or BI as appropriate, MMC, and the PI, if the Monitor is not qualified as a PI. MMC will notify the appropriate Senior Planner in the Environmental Analysis Section (EAS) of the Development Services Department to assist with the discovery notification process.

2. The PI shall notify the Medical Examiner after consultation with the RE, either in person or via telephone.

B. Isolate discovery site

1. Work shall be directed away from the location of the discovery and any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlay adjacent human remains until a determination can be made by the Medical Examiner in consultation with the PI concerning the provenience of the remains.

2. The Medical Examiner, in consultation with the PI, will determine the need for a field examination to determine the provenience.

3. If a field examination is not warranted, the Medical Examiner will determine with input from the PI, if the remains are or are most likely to be of Native American origin.

C. If Human Remains ARE determined to be Native American

1. The Medical Examiner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours. By law, ONLY the Medical Examiner can make this call.

2. NAHC will immediately identify the person or persons determined to be the Most

Likely Descendent (MLD) and provide contact information.

3. The MLD will contact the PI within 24 hours or sooner after the Medical Examiner has completed coordination, to begin the consultation process in accordance with CEQA Section 15064.5(e), the California Public Resources and Health & Safety Codes.

4. The MLD will have 48 hours to make recommendations to the property owner or representative, for the treatment or disposition with proper dignity, of the human remains and associated grave goods.

5. Disposition of Native American Human Remains will be determined between the MLD and the PI, and, if:


a. The NAHC is unable to identify the MLD, OR the MLD failed to make a recommendation within 48 hours after being notified by the Commission, OR;

b. The landowner or authorized representative rejects the recommendation of the MLD and mediation in accordance with PRC 5097.94 (k) by the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner, THEN

c. To protect these sites, the landowner shall do one or more of the following:

(1) Record the site with the NAHC;

(2) Record an open space or conservation easement; or

(3) Record a document with the County.

d. Upon the discovery of multiple Native American human remains during a ground disturbing land development activity, the landowner may agree that additional conferral with descendants is necessary to consider culturally appropriate treatment of multiple Native American human remains. Culturally appropriate treatment of such a discovery may be ascertained from review of the site utilizing cultural and archaeological standards. Where the parties are unable to agree on the appropriate treatment measures the human remains and buried with Native American human remains shall be reinterred with appropriate dignity, pursuant to Section 4.4.3.5.c., above.

D. If Human Remains are NOT Native American

1. The PI shall contact the Medical Examiner and notify them of the historic era context of the burial.

2. The Medical Examiner will determine the appropriate course of action with the PI and City staff (PRC 5097.98).

3. If the remains are of historic origin, they shall be appropriately removed and conveyed to the San Diego Museum of Man for analysis. The decision for internment of the human remains shall be made in consultation with MMC, EAS, the applicant/landowner, any known descendant group, and the San Diego Museum of Man.

4.4.3.5 Night and/or Weekend Work

A. If night and/or weekend work is included in the contract

1. When night and/or weekend work is included in the contract package, the extent and timing shall be presented and discussed at the Pre-maintenance meeting.

2. The following procedures shall be followed.

a. No Discoveries

In the event that no discoveries were encountered during night and/or weekend work, the PI shall record the information on the CSVR and submit to MMC via fax by 8AM of the next business day.

b. Discoveries

All discoveries shall be processed and documented using the existing procedures detailed in Sections 4.4.3.3 - During Maintenance, and 4.4.3.4 – Discovery of Human Remains. Discovery of human remains shall always be treated as a significant discovery.


c. Potentially Significant Discoveries

If the PI determines that a potentially significant discovery has been made, the procedures detailed under Sections 4.4.3.3 During Maintenance and 4.4.3.4-Discovery of Human Remains shall be followed.

d. The PI shall immediately contact the RE and MMC, or by 8AM of the next business day to report and discuss the findings as indicated in Section 4.4.3.3-B, unless other specific arrangements have been made.

B. If night and/or weekend work becomes necessary during the course of maintenance

1. The Maintenance Manager shall notify the RE, or BI, as appropriate, a minimum of 24 hours before the work is to begin.

2. The RE, or BI, as appropriate, shall notify MMC immediately.

C. All other procedures described above shall apply, as appropriate.

4.4.3.6 Post Maintenance

A. Submittal of Draft Monitoring Report

1. The PI shall submit two copies of the Draft Monitoring Report (even if negative), prepared in accordance with the Historical Resources Guidelines (Appendix C/D) which describes the results, analysis, and conclusions of all phases of the Archaeological Monitoring Program (with appropriate graphics) to MMC via the RE for review and approval within 90 days following the completion of monitoring. It should be noted that if the PI is unable to submit the Draft Monitoring Report within the allotted 90-day timeframe as a result of delays with analysis, special study results or other complex issues, a schedule shall be submitted to MMC establishing agreed due dates and the provision for submittal of monthly status reports until this measure can be met.

a. For significant archaeological resources encountered during monitoring, the Archaeological Data Recovery Program or Pipeline Trenching Discovery Process shall be included in the Draft Monitoring Report.

b. Recording Sites with State of California Department of Parks and Recreation The PI shall be responsible for recording (on the appropriate State of California Department of Park and Recreation forms-DPR 523 A/B) any significant or potentially significant resources encountered during the Archaeological Monitoring Program in accordance with the City’s Historical Resources Guidelines, and submittal of such forms to the South Coastal Information Center with the Final Monitoring Report.

2. MMC shall return the Draft Monitoring Report to the PI via the RE for revision or, for preparation of the Final Report.

3. The PI shall submit revised Draft Monitoring Report to MMC via the RE for approval.

4. MMC shall provide written verification to the PI of the approved report.

5. MMC shall notify the RE or BI, as appropriate, of receipt of all Draft Monitoring Report submittals and approvals.

B. Handling of Artifacts


1. The PI shall be responsible for ensuring that all cultural remains collected are cleaned and catalogued.

2. The PI shall be responsible for ensuring that all artifacts are analyzed to identify function and chronology as they relate to the history of the area; that faunal material is identified as to species; and that specialty studies are completed, as appropriate.

C. Curation of artifacts: Accession Agreement and Acceptance Verification

1. The PI shall be responsible for ensuring that all artifacts associated with the survey, testing and/or data recovery for this project are permanently curated with an appropriate institution. This shall be completed in consultation with MMC and the Native American representative, as applicable.

2. When applicable to the situation, the PI shall include written verification from the Native American consultant/monitor indicating that Native American resources were treated in accordance with state law and/or applicable agreements. If the resources were reinterred, verification shall be provided to show what protective measures were taken to ensure no further disturbance occurs in accordance with Section 4.4.3.4 – Discovery of Human Remains, Subsection C.

3. The PI shall submit the Accession Agreement and catalogue record(s) to the RE or BI, as appropriate for donor signature with a copy submitted to MMC.

4. The RE or BI, as appropriate shall obtain signature on the Accession Agreement and shall return to PI with copy submitted to MMC.

5. The PI shall include the Acceptance Verification from the curation institution in the Final Monitoring Report submitted to the RE or BI and MMC.

D. Final Monitoring Report(s)

1. The PI shall submit one copy of the approved Final Monitoring Report to the RE or BI as appropriate, and one copy to MMC (even if negative), within 90 days after notification from MMC of the approved report.

2. The RE shall, in no case, issue the Notice of Completion until receiving a copy of the approved Final Monitoring Report from MMC which includes the Acceptance Verification from the curation institution.

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