individual identification shurong zhong (phd, associate pf.) department of forensic biology, kmmu...
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Individual Identification
Shurong Zhong (PhD, Associate Pf.)Department of Forensic Biology, KMMU
Cell Phone: 18213823198E-mail: [email protected]
Scientific Projects • Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (81000577) (Principal Investigator) Title: Study of pharmacodynamic gene and treatment for alcohol dependence in Yunnan Yi and Miao
populations. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD080) (Principal Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism related genes with alcohol
dependence syndrome in Yi and Miao minority populations in Yunnan province. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2007C223M) (Principal Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of DRD2, DRD4 and COMT with alcohol dependence
syndrome in Yunnan Han population. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD211) (Co-Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of pharmacodynamics genes with alcohol
dependence syndrome and Personalized Medicines. • Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30960115) (Co-Investigator) Title: The selection of sensitive genotype for drinking behaviour and alcohol abuse and research of
genetic features. • Yunnan Educational Scientific Research Foundation (07Z10336) (Co-Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of COMT and CYP2E1 with alcohol dependence
syndrome in Yunnan Han population.
Lynda Mann was sexually assaulted and murdered November 21, 1983
Dawn Ashworth was sexually assaulted and murdered July 31, 1986
Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom
Only semen were collected from both murder scenes.
Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom
1984 , Jeffreys developed a new technique, which is called RFLP.
Alec JeffreysProfessorUniversity of Leicester
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
No person's DNA profile is the same except for identical twins.
So it is called DNA fingerprint.
A powerful crime solving tool.
Crime Victims can be Identified and Crime Scenes can be Linked through DNA Fingerprint.
DNA fingerprint
Using DNA Fingerprint
• November 1986, 17-year-old Richard John Buckland was innocent of both murders.
• The tests did prove conclusively that the crimes were committed by the same person.
• September 1987, “mass screening” of all eligible males in the village (4,583 persons).
Colin PitchforkSentenced to life imprisonment on January 23, 1988
Colin Pitchfork – the first man to be convicted using DNA evidence.
1. What is Individual Identification?
2. How to conduct Individual Identification?
3. Typical cases
4. New Technique
Content
Individual/Personal Identification Theory
To analyze genetic markers of biological samples collected from individual or crime scene to determine whether biological samples were identical or not.
1. What is Individual Identification?
Biological samples from crime scenes
Samples of suspects / Victims
"Samples" and "sample" to compare
Suspicious Semen
Suspect
RFLP
Application of Individual Identification
(1). Criminal Cases
MurderManslaughterExcusable homicideJustifiable Homicide
Suicide
Homicide
Victim Suspect
(3). Mass Disaster Investigations
2001 “911”, New York
2004Indian OceanTsunami
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
2. How to conduct Individual Identification?
Analyze Raw DataConclusion
1 2 3
456
DNA Extraction PCR Amplification
Capillary Electrophoresis
Collect Biological Evidence
Process of DNA Typing
What are Biological Evidence?
BloodSemenSalivaTeethBoneUrineSoft TissueHair (w/Root &Shaft)
Common Biological Evidence
1
What are Biological Evidence?
Cigarette ButtsEnvelope & StampsFingerprint residuesFingernail ClippingsChewing GumBite MarksSweat/TearsFeces
Trace Biological Evidence Touching DNA
1
What are Biological Evidence?
Animal MaterialPlant MaterialInsectsBacterial/Fungal
Non-human Biological Evidence
1
RFLP Limitations
• needs g amounts of DNA• DNA needs to be pure• assay time: several days to > week
PCR amplification3
Multiplex PCR
6 Conclusion
Suspicious Semen Colin Pitchfork
The semen taken from both murder scenes were from Colin Pitchfork.
Case 1: Sexual scandal betweenMonica Lewinsky and Bill Clinton
3. Typical cases
1998, Recorded phone calls (between Lewinsky and a close friend)
李昌钰 Henry Chang-Yu LeeThe world's foremost forensic scientists.
DNA analyses of semen stains on a dress worn by Monica Lewinsky match DNA from a blood sample taken from ex-president Bill Clinton.
Bill Clinton – the worst victim of DNA evidence.
Clinton confessed his affair with miss Monica at last.
Conclusion
• DNA analyses of a blood stain on the air bag did not match DNA from a blood sample taken from suspect A.
• The blood stain on the air bag was not from suspect A.
• DNA analyses of hair in the glass did match DNA from a blood sample taken from Li XX.
• Was the hair in the glass from Li XX?
We can not answer it yet.We can not answer it yet.
Still need to calculate……
• Random Match Probability
• Likelihood Ratio (LR)
LR=Pr ( E Hp )
Pr ( E Hd ) LR=1/P(X)=1/Pm
• DNA analyses of hair on the glass did match DNA from a blood sample taken from Li XX.
• The hair in the glass was from Li XX.
Conclusion
Child Pornography Images
Cocaine Logos
Counterfeit Currencies
Criminal Names
DNA
Fingerprints
Payment Cards
Stolen Travel Documents
Stolen Vehicles
Stolen Works of Art
Weapons and Explosives
Interpol’s Databases and Services
Command & Coordination
Criminal Analysis
Disaster Victim
Identification
Financial & High-tech
Crime
Fugitive Investigations
Organized Crime & Drugs
Public Safety & Terrorism
Regional Support
Trafficking in Human
Beings
DNA Database: International Development
Virginia (USA)UK NZ
Vic, Qld, Holland, Austria
1989
1994
1996
1997
1998
2000
2002
SA, NT, USA, Germany
Cth, NSW, Tas, ACT
WA, Botswana, Peru, Jordan, Venezuela, Qatar, Syria, Cyprus, Tunisia, Croatia, Italy, Thailand, Iceland, Ukraine, Greece…
2001
Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium, France, RSA, Hong Kong
DNA Database in China
市级库
省级系统省级系统
国家库用户其他系统
数据库数据库DNA数据库
接口
省级库用户
数据库数据库DNA数据库 省级库用户
数据库数据库DNA数据库
……
市级系统市级库用户
数据库数据库DNA数据库
市级系统市级库用户
数据库数据库DNA数据库
……
国家库
省级库
National Database
Provincial Database
Municipal Database
Country A Country B Country C
DNA Data Protection Considerations
DNA Information Security Considerations
National differences
data protection data
Confidentiality
data ownership
Profile
I-24/7
Standardized exchange
Interpol DNA Database Concept
China and Interpol
China provides information to Interpol’s databases:
Criminal Names and InvestigationsStolen Travel Documents Stolen Motor Vehicles Stolen Works of Art Fingerprints DNA
• Example: Agilent Technologies BA2100 instrument– 12-channel micro-CE device
• Challenge: Is it able to type standard forensic DNA markers?• Obvious advantages:
– Significantly reduced run times than current CE techniques• Potential screening technique for multiple-stain cases, decrease DNA backlogs
– Potential for portability – DNA typing at the scene• Notable disadvantage:
– Poor separation capacity at present
Miniaturisation: Rapid, Portable Analysis
Skin Color
Eye Color
Ethnic Group
Height
Age
Weight
Looks
MARTIN ENSERINK. (2011) Can This DNA Sleuth Help Catch Criminals? Science, 331:838-840.
Gene expert detective in Germany—— Manfred Kayser