individual tests - zoasis · 24 “defining the standard of excellence” individual tests...

INDIVIDUAL TESTS* Indicates send out test

“Defining the Standard of Excellence”

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS

CODE TEST DESCRIPTION

*S16005 ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ANTIBODY

Specimen: 1 ml serum, preferred sample Method: Immunoprecipitation RIA

Schedule: 7 - 14 working days

Indication: Diagnosis of acquired Myasthenia gravis.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer confirms a diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis. Negative titers can occur in 10 to 20% of cases, therefore, a negative result does not exclude Myasthenia gravis.

T435 ACTH ( Endogenous level )

Specimen: Plasma from LT containing aprotinin.

Method: RIA

Schedule: 7 working days

Indication: To differentiate pituitary-dependent from adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism. InterpretiveGuidelines: Endogenous ACTH concentrations will be increased ( > 45 pg/ml ) in approximately 90%

of dogs with PDH and will be decreased ( < 15 pg/ml ) in approximately 60% of dogs with adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism. A value between 15 and 45 pg/ml is non-diagnostic.

Comments: Use LT containing aprotinin for sample collection, centrifuge immediately and transfer plasma to a plastic vial. ( Antech will provide the necessary tubes. ) Transport on ice or cold packs. Do not use any plain, uncoated glass tubes or pipettes. Please allow for a minimum of three days to obtain the special container from our supply department.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T440 ACTH RESPONSE TEST ( CORTISOL 2 )

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma per tube, label tubes PRE and POST

Method: RIA

Schedule: Daily ( M - Sat )

Indication: Investigation of hypoadrenocorticism or hyperadrenocorticism. Monitoring response to Lysodren or Trilostane treatment.

Special Drawing instructions:

Canine ( using Acthar ACTH gel ):

1) Collect pre-sample; label tube "Pre-ACTH."

2) Inject 2.2 IU/kg ( maximum 40 units ) ACTH gel IM.

3) Collect 2 hr post-sample; label "2 hr Post ACTH."

Canine ( using synthetic ACTH ):

1) Collect pre-sample; label tube "Pre -ACTH."

2) Inject 0.25 mg Cosyntropin ( Cortrosyn ) IM or IV OR inject 5 ug/kg IV only.

3) Collect 1 hr post-sample; label "1 hr Post ACTH."

Feline ( using Acthar ACTH gel ):


2) Inject 2.2 IU/kg ACTH gel IM.

3) Collect 1hr and 2 hr post-samples; label accordingly.

Feline ( using synthetic ACTH ):


2) Inject 0.125 mg Cosyntropin ( Cortrosyn ) IM or IV.

3) Collect 1 hr post sample; label accordingly.

Equine:

1) Draw a resting cortisol. Centrifuge tube, remove the serum and refrigerate.

2) Inject ACTH gel: 0.5 I.U. per pound given IM or synthetic ACTH gel may be used 100 I.U. given IV or IM.

3) Collect a 4 hr post sample if using the ACTH gel.Collect a 2 hr post sample if cosyntropin is given IV.Collect a 2 & 4 hr post sample if cosyntropin is given IM.Centrifuge the tube, remove the serum and refrigerate.

Comments: If animal is on Prednisone, wait 24 hours before doing test. If animal has received MethylPrednisone acetate, wait 6 weeks before drawing. Dexamethasone will not interfere with

cortisol assay, other than suppressing the pre value.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T010 ALBUMIN

Specimen: 1 ml serum, heparinized or EDTA plasma

Method: Bromcresol Green dye

Schedule: Daily

Indication: To assess the quantity of this major protein which maintains colloid osmotic pressure and acts as a carrier protein for many other compounds.

Interpretive Guidelines: Decreased with renal or intestinal disease ( increased loss ), or hepatic disease ( decreased

production ). Increase seen only with hemoconcentration due to dehydration.

Comments: 1) Hypoalbuminemia may result in edema/ascites.

2) Hypoalbuminemia may result in a decrease of any compound carried by albumin ( e.g. Calcium )

T215 ALK PHOS ISOENZYME ( Canine only )`

Specimen: 1 ml serum

Method: Heat inactivation or Levamisole inhibition


Indication: Measures corticosteriod induced fraction of alkaline phosphatase.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increased with corticosteroids, Cushing’s or persistent stress.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T020 ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma

Method: Kinetic/Bowers&McComb

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hepatic disease ( esp. the biliary system ), hyperadrenocorticism, and lesscommonly, bone disorders.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increased with cholestasis, any condition resulting in increased osteoblastic activity ( e.g.

fracture repair, bone neoplasms ), phenobarbital or phenytoin medication, and corticosteroid excess.

Comments: 1) Young animals will often show an increase secondary to normal bone growth.

2) In canines ONLY, there is a steroid-induced fraction ( Cushing’s, steroid therapy ), which can be differentiated from the hepatic fraction by special testing ( heat

resistance test, levamisole inhibition test ).

T030 ALT ( SGPT )


Method: Kinetic/Wroblewski & LaDue

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hepatic disease.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increase in this cytosolic enzyme indicates cell membrane damage and leakage, secondary hepatic infection, inflammation, trauma, neoplasia, anoxia/hypoxia, and hepatoxic

compounds ( including a variety of drugs ).

Comments: 1) Value does not necessarily correlate with the degree of hepatic insufficiency.

2) A moderate increase may be induced by glucocorticoids or anti-convulsant medication.

3) Severe muscle damage may cause ALT to increase.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T040 AMYLASE


Method: Kinetic / CNPG3 substrate

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of pancreatic disease. InterpretiveGuidelines: Increases are seen with pancreatitis, azotemia, and, less commonly, intestinal disease and hepatic disease.

Comments: 1) Value may not correlate with the severity of pancreatic disease.

2) Amylase is cleared through the kidney; therefore, the value is affected by theglomerular filtration rate.

T050 AMYLASE and LIPASE


Method: Please refer to individual tests

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Pancreatic disease panel.

*S16872 ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM TITER ( Canine and Equine only )Formally called Ehrlichia equi


Method: IFA


Indication: Investigation of granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

Interpretive Guidelines: May infect various species; positive results indicate previous or current infection. Increasing titers seen in recent infections.

Comments: This organism was formally called Ehrlichia equi.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16265 ANAPLASMA PLATYS TITER Formally called Ehrlichia platys


Method: IFA


Indication: Check for exposure to A. platys in cases of cyclic thrombocytopenia.

Interpretive Guidelines: Positive results indicate exposure to A. platys.

Comments: This organism was formally called Ehrlichia platys.

T515 ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES ( ANA )


Method: IFA


Indication: Evaluation for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE ) in patients with appropriate history,clinical and laboratory findings.

Interpretive Guidelines: The ANA titer is a sensitive but not specific test for SLE. Elevated ANA titers can occur

in other inflammatory diseases, although these titers tend to be low.

Comments: False negative results can occur from long-term glucocorticoid administration.

*S16055 ARSENIC

Specimen: 1 ml heparinized plasma or LT1 ml urine or

0.5-1 gram kidney or liver tissue or 10 grams stomach content, feed or water SHIP ON ICE

Method: Atomic absorption


Indication: Suspicion of arsenic toxicity.

Interpretive Guidelines: Levels above baseline are consistent with Arsenic toxicity.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T060 AST ( SGOT )


Method: Kinetic/Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hepatic and muscle disease.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increase in this enzyme indicates hepatic cell damage ( infection, inflammation, neoplasia,

trauma, anoxia/hypoxia, hepatotoxic compounds ), or muscle disease ( inflammation, infection, necrosis, trauma, anoxia/hypoxia, neoplasia ).

Comments: 1) Hemolysis may interfere with result.

2) AST is a mitochondrial enzyme, therefore, an increase reflects more serious cell damage.

3) AST is not as liver-specific as ALT; significant increases in both enzymes suggest the AST increase is of hepatic origin.

*S16070 BABESIA CANIS TITER

Specimen: 1 ml serum or plasma

Method: IFA


Indication: Detection of occult ( no visible parasitemia ) Babesia canis infections.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates exposure to, and likely chronic infection with, Babesia canis.

Dogs may be seropositive with no clinical signs of illness.

*S16075 BABESIA GIBSONI TITER ( non export )


Method: IFA

Schedule: 7 – 10 working days

Indication: Detection of occult ( no visible parasitemia ) Babesia gibsoni infections.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates exposure to, and likely chronic infection with, Babesia gibsoni.

Dogs may be seropositive with no clinical signs of illness.

Comments: When exporting use test code *S16502.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T785 BAERMANN FECAL

Specimen: Feces

Method: Baermann


Indication: Concentration technique used to collect certain parasites in larval stages or as ova; most often used to detect larvae of respiratory nematodes.

*S16001 BARTONELLA CULTURE ( Cat Scratch Fever )

Specimen: 2 ml LT. Send cold.

Method: Culture

Schedule: 4 weeks

Indication: Investigates cats as carriers of Bartonella.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive culture result confirms that the cat is infected with Bartonella. The organism is present in the blood in low numbers so false negative results may occur. Therefore, a

negative culture result does not exclude the cat as a carrier of Bartonella.

Comments: Bartonella PCR testing and Bartonella serology are more sensitive tests for detecting carrier cats.

*S85889 BARTONELLA HENSELAE TITER ( Feline only )


Method: ELISA


Indication: Investigate cats as carriers of Bartonella.

Comments: Additional testing for Bartonella include PCR testing and culture.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S1315 BARTONELLA PCR ( Cat Scratch Fever )

Specimen: 1 ml LT, Send cold.

Method: PCR


Indication: Investigate cats as carriers of Bartonella.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive test indicates active infection. False negative results may occur due to the low

numbers of circulating organisms but PCR testing is more sensitive than culture.

Comments: Bartonella serology can also be used to investigate Bartonella infection.

T220 BILE ACIDS, PRE AND POST

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma ( pre and post )

Method: Enzymatic


Indication: Tests for hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunts.

InterpretiveGuidelines: 1) Elevated levels are seen with decreased hepatic function.

2) Steroid hepatopathies may cause mild to moderate elevations.

3) High levels may be seen with portosystemic shunts.

Comments: Fast for 12 hours prior to drawing pre- sample. Feed a small fatty meal and draw post 2hours later. Label tubes accordingly.

Occasionally, fasting levels are greater than the post-prandial level. This occurrence may

be due to spontaneous gall bladder contraction prior to feeding.

T225 BILE ACIDS, RESTING


Method: Enzymatic


Indication: May be useful for portosystemic shunts, but pre/post test is recommended.

Interpretive Guidelines: 1) Elevated levels are seen with decreased hepatic function.

2) Steroid hepatopathies may cause mild to moderate elevations.

3) High levels may be seen with portosystemic shunts.

Comments: Fast for 12 hours prior to draw. Occasionally, fasting levels are greater than the post-prandial level. This occurrence may

be due to spontaneous gall bladder contraction prior to feeding.

Rev. April 2007


INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T070 BILIRUBIN, direct


Method: Van den Bergh & Mueller

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of liver and biliary diseases.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increased levels are seen in biliary disease ( including both intrahepatic and extrahepatic

lesions ) hepatocellular disease ( hepatitis, cirrhosis and advanced neoplastic states )and hemolytic disease.

T090 BILIRUBIN, total

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma or LT

Method: Colorimetric

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Liver disorders, post hepatic disease, hemolytic disorders.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevation may be due to pre-hepatic ( hemolytic ), intrahepatic ( inflammation, infection,

or neoplasia ) or post-hepatic ( adhesion, swelling, neoplasia, etc.) causes.

T520 BLADDER TUMOR antigen (Canine only)

Specimen: 2 ml Urine in RT ( spin urine, submit supernatant )

Method: Latex agglutination


Indication: As a screening test to investigate possible transitional cell carcinoma.

Interpretive Guidelines: If the Bladder Tumor antigen ( BTA ) is negative, then transitional cell carcinoma is

unlikely ( 90% sensitivity ). Significant pyuria or hematuria, however, may cause falsepositives ( 78% specificity ). Animals with positive results should be further evaluated( ultrasound, radiographs, cytology, biopsy, etc. ) to confirm the presence of neoplasia.

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T525 BLASTOMYCES

Specimen: 1 ml serum Method: Immunodiffusion Schedule: 1 – 3 working days

Indication: Investigation of Blastomycosis.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive serologic result is consistent with, but not diagnostic for, Blastomycosis. A

definitive diagnosis of Blastomycosis is based on the demonstration of the organism incytologic or histopathologic specimens. A combination of supportive history and clinicalsigns, suggestive radiographic findings plus positive serology may be substituted for

organism identification.

A negative result does not rule out active Blastomycosis.

T315 BLOOD TYPING, CANINE ( DEA 1.1 only )

Specimen: 1 LT

Method: Agglutination


Indication: RBC typing for identifying blood donors.

Interpretive Guidelines: Select donors that are negative for clinically significant isoantigens.

Comments: RBC typing for identifying blood donors. This code evaluates for the presence of DEA 1.1.

*S16100 BLOOD TYPING, CANINE ( Full Panel )

Specimen: 1 LT



Indication: RBC typing for identifying blood donors.


Comments: RBC typing for identifying blood donors. This code evaluates for the presence of thefollowing blood group antigens: DEA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3, 4, 5, and 7. The antigens of most

significance include DEA 1.1 and possibly 1.2 and 7. This test cannot be added on.


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Rev. April 2007


INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T320 BLOOD TYPING, FELINE

Specimen: 1 LT


Schedule: 1 - 2 working days Indication: RBC typing for identifying blood donors.


Comments: 1) Antigens of significance include A and B.

2) Certain purebred cat breeds are commonly type B.

3) Blood type of blood donor cats should be determined prior to transfusion.

4) Screening prior to breeding can reduce the prevalence of neonatal isoerythrolysis.

T100 BLOOD UREA NITROGEN ( BUN )

Specimen: 1 ml serum, LT or Lithium/Sodium heparin

Method: Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Renal Disorders Interpretive Guidelines: BUN increases with pre-renal disease ( decreased renal perfusion ) or a variety of renal diseases. Post-renal obstruction will dramatically increase levels. High protein diets or gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage will increase levels. Decreased hepatic function may decrease production of BUN. Low protein diets and polyuric states may also cause BUN to decrease.

T730 BROMIDE

Specimen: 1 ml serum ( No SST )

Method: Gold trichloride


Indication: To monitor anticonvulsant therapy.

Interpretive Guidelines: Low levels suggestive of inadequate anticonvulsant doses.

High levels suggest toxicity.

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS * Indicates send out test


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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16131 BRUCELLA AGID/SAT


Method: Agar gel immunodiffusion and slide agglutination


Indication: A confirmatory test for infection with Brucella canis.

Interpretive

Guidelines: The AGID test is more specific than the Brucella canis screen test, although some false

positives can still occur. False negative AGID tests can occur in dogs infected for less than

8 to 12 weeks.

Comments: A definitive diagnosis of Brucellosis is based on culture of the organism from infected tissue or blood, although this is not a sensitive method.

T530 BRUCELLA CANIS SCREEN ( Non-Export )


Method: IFA


Indication: Screening test for Brucella canis exposure.

Interpretive Guidelines: The Brucella canis screen is a very sensitive, but not specific, test for Brucella canis exposure. The test may be negative if performed within 8 to 12 weeks of infection.

*S16003 BRUCELLA CANIS TITER ( For Export )


Method: Serum agglutination


Indication: Screening test for Brucella canis exposure.

Comments: The KSU required form can be obtained by calling Customer Service. Microchip number may be required depending on destination.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T325 BUFFY COAT EXAMINATION

Specimen: 1 LT

Method: Centrifugation


Indication: To assess the presence of mast cells, hemoparasites, viral inclusions or to do differential on low WBC’s.

T105 BUN/CREATININE


Method: See individual tests.

Schedule: Daily

T110 CALCIUM


Method: Arsenazo

Schedule: Daily

Indication: General homeostasis, bone disease, nutrition status, renal and endocrine disorders.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increased values may be secondary to neoplasia or endocrine disease ( parathyroid, adrenal. )

Decreased levels may be seen with low albumin, renal disease, poor nutrition.

*S18537 CALCIUM, Ionized

Specimen: 1 ml serum that has been anaerobically transferred from the spun RT ( use a needle and syringe to avoid air exposure ) into a plain RT. Label the sample tube as SERUM and keep cold.

Method: ISE


Indication: To assist in interpretation of increased or decreased total calcium, levels and PTH testing.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevated ionized calcium concentrations may be due to malignancy, primary hyperparathyroidism,

vitamin D toxicity, or granulomatous inflammation. Decreased ionized calcium may be due to lactation tetany, renal or nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, or primary hypoparathyroidism.

Comments: **Can not be added on** Samples that have been exposed to air may have artificially decreased ( Ca2+ ). Do not

open tube. Samples transported in SST tubes may have artificially increased ( Ca2+ ).



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16112 CALICIVIRUS ANTIBODY TITER


Method: Serum neutralization


Indication: Etiologic investigation of cats with upper respiratory tract disease, ulcerative stomatitis or polyarthritis.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive titer can be seen subsequent to natural exposure or vaccination.

Comments: Vaccine titers can persist for 3 to 4 years.

*S16135 CALICIVIRUS ANTIGEN

Specimen: 2 smears ( conjunctival, oral )

Method: IFA


Indication: Etiologic investigation of cats with upper respiratory disease.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive test can occur from natural exposure or recent intranasal Calicivirus vaccination ( within 7 to 10 days ).

T115 CARBON DIOXIDE


Method: Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Acid-base disturbance.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Due to instability of CO2 in specimens, low levels may not be accurate. Total CO2 is a measure of bicarbonate. Low concentrations indicate metabolic acidosis. High concentrations indicate metabolic alkalosis.

Comments: Results only valid within 4 to 8 hours of specimen collection.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T330 CBC

Specimen: 1 LT or GT

Method: Laser flow cytometry and microscopic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Assess quantity and morphology of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

*S16009 CHLAMYDOPHILA ANTIBODY TITER ( Canine and Feline )


Method: ELISA


Indication: To determine exposure/infection to chlamydia.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates exposure, not necessarily disease.

Comments: Call laboratory for testing on other species.

S16874 CHLAMYDOPHILA, direct FA

Specimen: Choanal or cloacal smears or scrapings Conjunctival, endocervical or tissue smears Method: IFA

Schedule: 1 –3 working days

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive result indicates active disease.

Comments: Slide MUST contain adequate cells. Do not send fecal smears or swabs. Make smears at time of sample collection.

T120 CHLORIDE


Method: ISE

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Electrolyte disturbances.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Low levels may be seen with gastric vomiting or secretional metabolic acidosis. Bromide treatment can artifactually increase chloride levels.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T125 CHOLESTEROL

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma or LT

Method: Colorimetric/Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hyperlipidemia, certain thyroid, liver and kidney disorders.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevations may be due to diet, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism ( dogs ), hyperthyroidism ( cats ), or liver disease. Low levels may be seen with diet, lymphangiectasia, certain liver diseases.

T235 CHOLINESTERASE


Method: Cobas


Indication: Diagnosis of organophosphate toxicity.

Interpretive Guidelines: Cholinesterase is irreversibly inhibited by organophosphate-containing pesticides, but

reversibly inhibited by carbamate insecticides. Low levels support exposure to organophosphate containing substances or carbamates.

T16007 CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS ENTEROTOXIN

Specimen: Feces

Method: ELISA


Indication: Detects C. perfringens enterotoxin as a cause of chronic large bowel diarrhea.

S16195 COBALAMINE ( Vitamin B12 ) and FOLATE


Method: Chemilluminescence


Comments: Animals should be fasted for 8 to 12 hours.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T535 COCCIDIOIDES TITER

Specimen: 1 ml serum, joint fluid, CSF or cavitary effusions

Method: AGID


Indication: Exposure to Coccidioides immitis.

InterpretiveGuidelines: IgM titers are usually positive within 1 month of infection and remain positive for approximately 6 months. IgG antibodies do not appear for weeks to months after infection. The IgG titer reflects the severity of the infection and very high titers are usually associated with disseminated disease. Low IgG titers ( approx. 1:4 ) can occur early in the course of infection or with chronic localized disease, or they may persist for months after resolution

of active infection.

Comments: Identification of organisms is the best way to make a diagnosis, however, organisms are typically difficult to find. The prevalence of coccidioidomycosis in cats is much lower than

in dogs.

T540 COOMBS’ DIRECT

Specimen: 1 LT



Indication: Investigation of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia ( IMHA ).

InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive test, in conjunction with appropriate clinical signs, is support of IMHA.

*S16210 COPPER LEVEL

Specimen: 1 ml serum, heparinized plasma or 1 LT Method: Atomic absorption or ICP spectroscopy.


Indication: To detect exposure to excessive copper levels.

Comments: For copper storage on block see test S16215.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16215 COPPER STORAGE DISEASE ( CSD )

Specimen: Paraffin embedded sections of liver, 5 grams fresh liver in saline, or formalin fixed tissue


Schedule: 7 -10 working days

Indication: Confirmation and characterization of copper storage disease.

*S16225 CORONA VIRUS IgG and IgM ( Canine only )


Method: IFA


Indication: Etiologic evaluation of diarrhea in dogs or evaluation of response to vaccination. InterpretiveGuidelines: An IgG titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with exposure or a positive immunological response to vaccination. A four-fold rise in IgG titer over 2-3 weeks is consistent with

recent exposure or recent vaccination. An IgM titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with recent vaccination or recent exposure.

T445 CORTISOL, RESTING


Method: RIA


Indication: An ACTH Response test or a low dose Dexamethasone Suppression test is necessary for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. Comments: If animal is on Prednisone, wait 24 hours before drawing.

If Methyl Prednisolone acetate or Pred. acetate has been administered, wait 6 weeks before sample submission.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T130 CPK


Method: Kinetic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Associated with muscle damage, including cardiac muscle.

Interpretive Guidelines: High levels may be seen with inflammation, infection, trauma, necrosis, or neoplasia within muscle. In cats, anorexia can cause high CPK values.

T135 CREATININE


Method: Jaffe

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of glomerular filtration.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevated levels may be due to pre-renal, renal, or post-renal causes.

Comments: Large-breed, well muscled dogs may have slightly increased creatinine concentrations.

T340 CROSSMATCH

Specimen: 1 LT and 1 RT for patient plus 1 LT and 1 RT for donor


Schedule: 1 - 3 working days Indication: Evaluate serologic compatibility prior to blood transfusion.

Interpretive Guidelines: Agglutination or hemolysis indicates incompatibility with the donor.

T345 CROSSMATCH ( additional donor )

Specimen: 1 LT and 1 RT ( per donor )





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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T550 CRYPTOCOCCUS, ANTIGEN

Specimen: 1 ml serum or CSF

Method: ELISA


Indication: For the detection of Cryptococcal antigen.

InterpretiveGuidelines: This test is highly sensitive and specific for cryptococcosis.

Comments: A decline in titer of 2-4 fold per month indicates satisfactory response to treatment.

T790 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM & GIARDIA

Specimen: Feces

Method: FA

Schedule: 2-3 working days

Indication: To rule out these parasites as a cause of chronic diarrhea.

T350 D-DIMER

Specimen: 1 BT or 1 LT

Method: Latex agglutination Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of bleeding disorders/investigation of DIC.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Increase supports a diagnosis of DIC.

Comments: Values of 250 – 500 mg/dl may be seen in the post-surgical period.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T450 DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST ( Cortisol 3 )

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma per tube, label tubes pre, 4 and 8 hour

Method: RIA Schedule: Daily ( M - Sat ) Indication: Low-dose Dexamethasone: Test for hyperadrenocorticism ( Cushing’s Syndrome ) in dogs,

cats, and horses.

High-dose Dexamethasone: To differentiate pituitary dependent from adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism.

Interpretive

Guidelines: Low-dose Dex Suppression Test:

Normal: Cortisol level less than 1.4 ug /dl 8 hrs post-dex.

Adrenal tumor ( AT ) or Pituitary Dependent ( PDH ): Cortisol level greater than 1.4 ug/dl 8 hrs post-dex.

PDH only: Cortisol levels less than 1.0 ug /dl 2 – 6 hrs post-dex and greater than 1.4 ug/dl 8 hrs post-dex supports PDH.

NOTE: Approximately 5% of dogs with PDH have normal results. Alternatively, false positive results may occur with stress or nonadrenal illness.

High-dose Dex Suppression Test:

Pituitary Dependent ( PDH ): Cortisol level <1.4 ug /dl or < 50% of baseline cortisol at 4-8 hrs.

Adrenal Tumor ( AT ) or Pituitary Dependent ( PDH ): Cortisol levels >1.4 ug /dl for the 8 hr testing period.

NOTE: A small percentage of PDH cases will not suppress following a high dose of Dexamethasone.

Special Drawing Instructions:

Canine Low-dose Dexamethasone suppression test ( LDDS ):

1) Collect pre-sample; label tube "Pre - Dex."

2) Inject 0.01 mg/kg Dexamethasone IM or IV.

3) Collect 4 and 8 hr samples; label tubes accordingly.

Canine High-dose Dexamethasone Test:


2) Inject 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg Dexamethasone IM or IV.


Feline Low-dose Dexamethasone Test:


2) Inject 0.1 mg/kg Dexamethasone IV.


Feline High-dose Dexamethasone Test:


2) Inject 1.0 mg/kg Dexamethasone IV.




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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T735 DIGOXIN


Method: RIA/TDX ( fluorescent )

Schedule: 1 - 2 days

Indication: To monitor Digoxin therapy.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Therapeutic serum Digoxin concentrations should be measured once steady state is achieved ( at least 6 days after commencing treatment ). The optimal therapeutic range for

Digoxin levels is 0.8 to 2.0 ng/ml six to eight hours post-administration. Digoxin levels >2.5 ng/ml are commonly associated with toxic signs.

Comments: 1) The administration of diuretic or angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors,hypokalemia or azotemia will increase the frequency of Digoxin toxicity, therefore,careful monitoring is necessary.

2) Minimal cross reactivity for oleander toxicity.

3) Do not use SST.

S16245 DILANTIN


Method: RIA/TDX ( fluorescent )


Indication: To monitor anticonvulsant therapy.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Low levels indicate inadequate dosage.

Comments: For best results measure Dilantin and Phenobarbital levels.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T555 DISTEMPER ANTIBODY IgG and IgM ( Canine )


Method: IFA


Indication: A positive result indicates vaccination or infection with canine distemper virus.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A serum IgG titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with a positive immunologic response to vaccination. A four-fold rise in titer over 2-3 weeks is consistent with recent exposure.

An IgM titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with recent exposure or recent vaccination.

S16250 DISTEMPER ANTIGEN IFA ( Canine )

Specimen: 1 LT Air-dried, unstained slides from conjunctival scrapings, CSF, respiratory tract secretions ( including TTW or BAL fluid ) or urine sediment

Slides must be made at time of collection. Conjunctival swabs are not an acceptable sample.

Method: IFA Schedule: 2 - 4 working days

Indication: For detection of viral inclusions in support of the diagnosis of canine distemper.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A negative result does not rule out infection.

Vaccination within 2 – 4 weeks of draw may cause a false positive.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T565 DISTEMPER/ PARVOVIRUS VACCINE TITER


Method: IFA


Indication: Tests for immunologic response to a vaccination. This test does not assure protection against infection.

Interpretive Guidelines: See individual tests.

*S16501 DISTEMPER PCR

Specimen: Urine sediment resuspended in 1 to 2 ml of saline in RT

CSF in RT or LT

Nasal epithelial swabs or conjunctival swabs

TTW or BAL fluid

0.5 ml whole blood in a LT

Fresh tissue (not formalin-fixed) in RT. Preferred tissues are urinary bladder, lung, kidney,

cerebellum, skin, and/or eye.

If using a Copan swab for PCR testing, do not reinsert swab into the transport gel.

Method: PCR


Indication: Diagnosis of canine distemper.

Comment: Recent ( within 3 weeks ) modified live virus vaccination may cause false positive results.

T560 DISTEMPER VACCINE TITER


Method: IFA


Indication: Tests for immunologic response to a vaccination. This test does not assure protection against infection.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A titer of 1:5 or greater indicates immunologic response to vaccination.

Rev. April 2007

48



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T570 EHRLICHIA CANIS ( Canine only-non export )


Method: IFA


Indication: For the detection of antibodies to E. canis.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates previous or current infection. Titers revert to negative 3 – 9 months after resolution of infection. Persistence of titer for 9 months or longer may indicate carrier state or repeated exposure.

Comment: For Feline patients use test code: S17124

*S7002 EHRLICHIA PCR

Specimen: 1 LT or Citrated whole blood ( no heparin )

Joint fluid in LT or RT

CSF in LT or RT

Splenic aspirate in LT Method: PCR


Indication: Investigation of Ehrlichiosis.

Comments: Must be kept cold ( not frozen ) and reach laboratory within 24 hours of sampling. Positives will be speciated.

*S86107 EHRLICHIA TITER COMPLEX ( Feline only )


Method: IFA


Indication: For the detection of antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia risticii.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates previous or current infection.



49

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T140 ELECTROLYTE PROFILE ( Na, K, Cl, TCO2 )


Method: ISE/Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Assessment of electrolyte levels and acid base determination.

InterpretiveGuidelines: See individual tests.

T240 ELECTROPHORESIS, Serum Protein


Method: Agarose gel/Cellulose acetate


Indication: To detect and classify dysproteinemias.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Specific interpretations provided with each result.

T245 ELECTROPHORESIS, Urine Protein

Specimen: 1 ml urine

Method: Cellulose acetate


Indication: To characterize proteinuria including detection of monoclonal spikes indicative of immunoglobulin light chains ( Bence-Jones proteins ).

InterpretiveGuidelines: Monoclonal spike in gamma or beta region is supportive of a diagnosis of multiple myeloma or ehrlichiosis.

Rev. April 2007

50



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16290 ERYTHROPOIETIN

Specimen: 1 ml serum ( frozen ), No SST

Method: RIA


Indication: Evaluation of polycythemia.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Suppressed erythropoietin concentration in the presence of polycythemia supports a diagnosis of primary polycythemia ( polycythemia vera ). Normal or increased concentration indicates a secondary cause for polycythemia ( hypoxia, renal cyst or tumor, hydronephrosis ).

Comments: Test cannot be run on a hemolyzed specimen. If sample is lipemic, fast animal overnightand redraw specimen.

*S16295 ESTRADIOL


Method: RIA


Indication: Detection of ovarian tissue with follicular activity.

InterpretiveGuidelines: If follicular activity is present, estradiol concentrations may be elevated. Intact females with limited follicular activity ( i.e., diestrus or anestrus ) may have low estradiol concentrations.

Comments: An HCG stimulation test, with measurement of progesterone pre- and post-HCG administration,done during an apparent estrus episode, is the preferred test for detection of dogs and cats withovarian remnants.

*S16305 ETHYLENE GLYCOL

Specimen: 1 ml serum or 1 LT

Method: Qualitative colormetric


Indication: To detect exposure to ethylene glycol ( antifreeze ).

InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevated levels are consistent with toxicity.

Comments: False negatives may occur 24 hours after exposure, therefore, samples should be procured as soon as possible.



51

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T595 FCV ANTIBODY TITER ( Coronavirus )


Method: IFA


Interpretive Guidelines: A positive FCV titer indicates exposure to a coronavirus. It does not differentiate between FIP, feline enteric coronavirus exposure, or vaccination. Diagnosis of FIP should take into account results of physical exam, clinical history and other laboratory findings. Electrophoresis and fluid analysis of effusions, FIP PCR testing on effusions and/or FIP 7b

ELISA testing on blood may be helpful in confirming FIP infection. Negative FCV titers donot rule out FIP.

Comments: This test is run at 1:400 and 1:1600 dilutions. Not recommended for cats less than 3 months old. Not recommended if cat has been vaccinated for FIP. FIP may also be diagnosed by

cytology, using abdominal fluid, or by biopsy of lesions.

T593 FCV EXPOSURE TITER ( Coronavirus exposure )


Method: IFA


Interpretive Guidelines: A negative test indicates that the cat has not been exposed to a coronavirus prior to the past

2-3 weeks. A positive test indicates exposure to a coronavirus but is not confirmatory for FIP.

Comments: This test is run at a dilution of 1:25. Seronegative cats should be isolated for 2-3 weeks and retested.

T810 FECAL OCCULT BLOOD

Specimen: 2 g feces ( No swabs )

Method: Guiaic


Indication: Detects gastrointestinal bleeding that is not grossly apparent.

Interpretive Guidelines: Positive findings indicate GI bleeding.

Comments: Diets of fresh meat or fresh uncooked vegetables may cause a false positive result.

Rev. April 2007

52



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16800 FELINE TRYPSIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY ( TLI )


Method: RIA


Indication: Tests for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ( EPI ) and /or pancreatitis.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Low levels seen with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. High levels may be seen with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis.

Comments: Fast for 12 hours prior to draw.

T580 FELV ANTIGEN


Method: ELISA

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Detect circulating FeLV antigen in cats.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive results indicate FeLV infection.

Comments: Must wait 2 weeks after exposure. Vaccine does NOT interfere with testing.

T585 FELV, IFA

Specimen: 2 fresh blood smears, bone marrow smears ( unstained & unfixed ) or 1 LT

Method: IFA


Indication: Detection of FeLV infection.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive result indicates that FELV has progressed to the bone marrow. A negative result does not indicate that the feline is FELV negative, but that the virus has not progressed to the bone marrow.



53

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S6234 FELV, PCR

Specimen: 1 LT bone marrow, whole blood or cavitary effusion. Fresh tissue in saline

Method: PCR


Indication: To help confirm FeLV infection when Elisa and IFA are inconclusive.

T365 FIBRINOGEN, quantitative

Specimen: 1 BT

Method: Mechanical Coagulation Analyzer

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluates for evidence of inflammation and coagulopathies.

Interpretive Guidelines: Increased with onset of inflammatory diseases or disorders. Decreased in DIC.

Comment: LT is also acceptable, but fibrinogen level will significantly decrease after 24 hours.

T605 FIP 7b ELISA


Method: ELISA

Schedule: 1 - 2 working days Interpretive Guidelines: Positive titers range from 1:40 to 1:640 and indicate exposure to a strain of feline

coronavirus with the potential to cause FIP.

Comments: Vaccination will not interfere.

Rev. April 2007

54



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S5380 FIP PCR

Specimen: Fluid in LT or RT

Any tissue in saline in RT or Paraffin embedded tissue

Method: PCR


Indication: To confirm FIP.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive result supports a diagnosis of FIP. A negative result should be repeated with a

very fresh specimen if symptoms persist.

Comments: Vaccination will not interfere with PCR testing.

T610 FIV


Method: ELISA


Indication: Detects antibody to FIV. Interpretive Guidelines: A positive test result indicates infection with or vaccination against FIV. Equivocal and positive test results should be confirmed by Western Blot.

Comments: This test is not recommended for felines less than six months old. If positive results areobtained in felines less than six months old repeat testing at six months of age is advised.

*S16865 FIV Western Blot


Method: Western Blot


Indication: Confirmatory test for FIV infection.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive test result indicates infection with or vaccination against FIV. An indeterminate result is delineated by the presence of one band. A positive result is delineated by the presence of two bands. A negative result is obtained if no bands appear.

An indeterminate result is neither positive nor negative. Repeat testing in 4 weeks is recommended.

Comments: This test is not recommended for felines less than six months old. If positive results are obtained in felines less than six months old repeat testing at six months of age is advised.



55

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T455 FREE T3


Method: RIA


Indication: Evaluation of thyroid status in dogs.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Levels may be low in dogs with hypothyroidism. Levels may be elevated slightly in euthyroid dogs with increased tissue metabolic demands, and are typically spuriously high or very high in dogs with T3 autoantibodies.

T460 FREE T4 by EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS


Method: Equilibrium Dialysis


Indication: This is the preferred assay for differentiation of sick euthyroid dogs from dogs with hypothyroidism. This is the most sensitive test for diagnosing feline hyperthyroidism.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Free T4 by dialysis is not affected by T4 autoantibodies. Free T4 by dialysis may be decreased in some sick euthyroid dogs.

Cats: An elevated Free T4 by dialysis is consistent with hyperthyroidism, although a small percentage of euthyroid cats with other illnesses can have an elevated free T4.

S16345 FRUCTOSAMINE

Specimen: 1 ml serum, heparinized or EDTA plasma Method: Colorimetric


Indication: To differentiate diabetes mellitus from other causes of hyperglycemia and to assessglycemic regulation in patients with diabetes.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevated levels indicate uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Comments: Fructosamine concentrations must be interpreted in conjunction with clinical signs.

Rev. April 2007

56



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T145 GGT


Method: Kinetic

Schedule: Daily Indication: Liver disease

InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevations may be due to intra or post-hepatic cholestasis or corticosteroid administration.

T820 GIARDIA ANTIGEN

Specimen: 2 g fresh feces

Method: ELISA


Indication: Evaluation of patients with vomiting and / or diarrhea.

Comments: This test may be more sensitive than the zinc sulfate centrifugation / flotation test or direct IFA.

T150 GLUCOSE

Specimen: 1 ml serum or heparinized plasma ( separated )

Method: Hexokinase

Schedule: Daily

Indication: High levels associated with diabetes or stress. Low levels associated with seizures.

InterpretiveGuidelines: High levels associated with diabetes and stress hyperglycemia. Low levels may be artifactual or associated with insulin overdose, insulinoma, hepatic failure, pregnancy toxemia, sepsis, Addison’s disease or toy-breed hypoglycemia.

Comments: Whole blood in red top tube may decrease results due to utilization of glucose by blood cells.



57

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T625 HEARTWORM ANTIBODY ( Feline )


Method: ELISA


InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive test result is consistent with exposure to infective stages of Heartworm larvae. This result may indicate an early (prepatent) infection that could develop adult forms or exposure that was eradicated by the cat’s immune system.

Comments: Positive results indicate exposure ONLY and do NOT confirm presence of adult worms.

T615 HEARTWORM ANTIGEN ( Canine )


Method: ELISA

Schedule: Daily Indication: To confirm the presence of adult heartworms.

InterpretiveGuidelines: An equivocal result indicates that there is a small amount of reaction that falls between the

positive and negative cutoffs. Equivocal results may be caused by the condition of the sample, by interfering substances, or low worm burden. If the dog is showing

clinical signs, a retest is recommended.

Comments: If an equivocal result is obtained, the dog may be started on preventative medication prior to retest.

T620 HEARTWORM ANTIGEN ( Feline )

Specimen: 1 ml serum or plasma Method: ELISA

Schedule: Daily

Indication: To assist in confirming presence of adult heartworms. Negative result does not rule outdisease.

Comments: This test is specific but not highly sensitive. Recommend running in conjunction withheartworm antibody test for best sensitivity.

Rev. April 2007

58



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T630 HEARTWORM COMBO ( Feline )

Tests: Heartworm antibody

Heartworm antigen


Method: ELISA



Comments: Positive antigen test confirms presence of adult worms; negative antigen result does NOT rule out presence of adult worms.

*S16400 HERPES, DIRECT ANTIGEN

Specimen: 2 conjunctival smears

Method: IFA


Indication: To identify presence of virus antigen in epithelial cells.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A negative result does not rule out infection.

Comments: Adequate number of conjunctival cells must be present on slide(s). Swabs are not acceptable.

*S86022 HERPES VIRUS ANTIBODY ( IFA )


Method: IFA


Comments: Antibody titer will not differentiate between IgG and IgM.



59

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T640 HISTOPLASMA ANTIBODY


Method: Immunodiffusion


Indication: Test for possible exposure to Histoplasma.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive result indicates exposure and possible infection.

Comments: If result is negative, yet clinical signs are indicative and persistent, repeat in 2 - 4 weeks.

*S16405 HISTOPLASMA TITER


Method: Complement fixation ( CF )


Indication: To quantify a positive immunodiffusion test.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Rising titers support active infection.

Comments: May be used to follow therapy, but titers may persist.

T645 IgA ( Canine )


Method: RID


Indication: Assessment of immune system.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Markedly increased levels may indicate IgA producing myeloma. Decreased levels in dogs

greater than six months of age indicate IgA deficiency.

Rev. April 2007

60



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T650 IgG ( Canine )


Method: RID


Indication: Assessment of immune system.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Greatly increased with myeloma. A marked decrease may indicate immunodeficiency.

T655 IgM ( Canine )


Method: RID


Indication: Possible immunodeficiency or myeloma.

Interpretive Guidelines: May have significant increases with IgM myeloma.

T660 IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROFILE: IgA, IgG, IgM ( Canine )


Method: RID


Interpretive Guidelines: See individual tests.

*S86096 INFLUENZA TITER CANINE ( Acute )


Method: HI


Indication: Investigate influenza as a cause of respiratory tract disease.

Interpretive Guidelines: A positive titer indicates previous or current infection with canine influenza virus. Titers may be negative in acutely ill dogs.

Comments: Recheck titer in 2 to 4 weeks if acute infection is suspected.



61

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T470 INSULIN-GLUCOSE PAIR

Specimen: 1 ml serum ( separated )

Method: Insulin level obtained by RIA.Glucose level obtained by hexokinase method.


Indication: Evaluation of patients with hypoglycemia for an insulin-secreting tumor.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A normal or elevated insulin concentration in the presence of hypoglycemia is supportive

of an insulinoma.

Special DrawingInstructions: This test should be drawn when animal is hypoglycemic ( Glucose level of 60 mg/dl or less ),

which may require an 8 hr fast.

T155 IRON


Method: Ferrozine

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Anemias

InterpretiveGuidelines: Low iron levels may be seen with iron deficiency and inflammatory disease. Elevated levels may be seen with hemolytic anemia or excessive supplementation.

T160 LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ( LDH )


Method: Wacker / Kinetic


InterpretiveGuidelines: Enzyme is present in most cells and organs and elevations are nonspecific.

Rev. April 2007

62



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T745 LEAD, blood

Specimen: 1 GT ( preferred ) or 1 LT Method: Anodic stripping voltammetry ( ASV ) Schedule: 1 – 3 working days

Indication: To detect exposure to lead.

Interpretive Guidelines: Levels greater than 25 ug/dl indicate lead toxicity.

Comments: LT must be full, high concentration of EDTA may cause falsely low values.

*S16510 LEPTOSPIROSIS


Method: MAT


Indication: Tests for the presence of antibodies to l. canicola, l. icterohemorrhagiae, l. grippotyphosa,l. hardjo, l. pomona, l. bratislava, and l. autumnalis.

Interpretive Guidelines: Titers equal to or greater than 1:100 indicate vaccination or infection. A negative antibody

result does not rule out leptospirosis. During the acute phase, there may be little to no detectable antibody. If clinical signs persist, suggest retesting in 2 weeks. Vaccination can cause positive titers.

T165 LIPASE


Method: Enzymatic

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Associated with pancreatic disorders.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevations may be seen with active pancreatic disease and occasionally GI and hepatic

disease. Steroids may also elevate levels.



63

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T670 LYME IgG


Method: IFA


Indication: Possible exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi.

Interpretive Guidelines: A titer equal to or greater than 1:64 suggests infection or vaccination.

Comments: A Lyme Western Blot is necessary to distinguish between natural exposure and vaccination.

*S16836 LYME WESTERN BLOT ( Canine only )

Specimen: 1 ml serum or CSF

Method: Western Blot

Schedule: 1 - 4 working

Indication: This test will distinguish between infection and vaccination.

T170 MAGNESIUM


Method: Xylidyl Blue

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Mineral analysis, hypoparathyroidism, neuromuscular disease or cardiac disease.

Interpretive Guidelines: Hypomagnesemia may be due to prolonged anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis or blood transfusion.

*S16535 MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS ( 2M antibody )


Method: Histochemical


Indication: To diagnose masticatory muscle myositis by detecting autoantibodies specifically directed against masticatory muscle proteins.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A positive test result is supportive of masticatory muscle myositis but a negative test result

does not exclude the diagnosis. Comments: This test does not detect polymyositis.

Rev. April 2007

64



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16540 METALDEHYDE

Specimen: 50 g stomach contents or bait

Method: GC/MS


Indication: Exposure to or ingestion of slug bait.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive results indicate recent ingestion.

Comments: Ship with an ice pack.

T390 MICROFILARIA KNOTTS

Specimen: 1 LT

Method: Knotts

Schedule: Daily

T380 MYCOPLASMA ( Hemobartonella )

Specimen: 1 LT or smear ( preferred )

Method: Microscopic evaluation

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation for the presence of this hemoparasite as a potential cause of anemia.

Comments The parasite is cyclical and transient, therefore, a negative observation does not rule out the

presence of mycoplasma. The presence of this parasite is often associated with immunodeficiency

( e.g. , FeLV infection ). The longer the sample sits in LT, the fewer parasites are seen on

the RBC. Heparinized samples are not acceptable for this test.



65

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16270 NEORICKETTSIA RISTICII TITER


Method: IFA


Indication: Check for exposure to N. risticii ( Potomac Horse Fever )

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive result indicates infection or vaccination.

Comments: This organism was formally called Ehrlichia risticii.

*S1681 NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG SCREEN ( Serum )


Method: HPLC


Indication: To monitor therapy or detect exposure.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevated levels indicate exposure.

Comments: Testing can be performed on canine or equine.

*S1680 NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG SCREEN ( Urine )


Method: ELISA / TLC


Indication: To monitor therapy or detect exposure.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevated levels indicate exposure.

Comments: Testing can be performed on canine or equine

Rev. April 2007

66



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16610 ORGANOPHOSPHATES/PESTICIDES /HERBICIDES

Specimen: 50 grams stomach contents or

50 grams liver

SHIP ON ICE

Method: GC/MS


Indication: To detect exposure to organophosphates, pesticides or herbicides.

Interpretive Guidelines: Elevated levels indicate exposure.

*S16575 OSMOLALITY, MEASURED ( serum or urine )

Specimen: 1 ml serum, heparinized plasma or urine

Method: Freezing point depression

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of PU / PD.

T805 OVA and PARASITE with CENTRIFUGATION


Method: ZnSO4centrifugal flotation with microscopic examination


405(E) / 85862 (W) Fecal O/P Centrifugation & Giardia (ELISA)


Method: Giardia ELISA and ZnSO4centrifugal flotation with microscopic examination

Schedule: Daily



67

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S85364 PANCREATIC LIPASE IMMUNOREACTIVITY ( PLI ) - Canine and Feline


Method: ELISA


Comments: Fast for 12 hours prior to draw to avoid lipemia.

*S16580 PANLEUKOPENIA TITER IgG and IgM (Feline only )


Method: IFA


Indication: Determine recent infection or vaccination.

Interpretive Guidelines: A serum IgG titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with natural exposure, maternal antibody,

or vaccination. A four-fold rise in IgG titer over 2-3 weeks is consistent with recentexposure or recent vaccination.

A serum IgM titer or 1:10 or greater is consistent with recent exposure or recent vaccination.

*S16053 PANLEUKOPENIA VACCINE TITER ( Feline only )


Method: IFA


Indication: Tests for immunologic response to vaccine. This test does not assure protection against infection.

Interpretive Guidelines: A result of 1:5 or greater indicates immunologic response to vaccination.

Rev. April 2007

68



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T825 PARASITE IDENTIFICATION

Specimen: Parasite in alcohol or formalin.

Method: Direct examination Schedule: 7 working days Comments: Cover specimen with cover slip and seal with clear nail polish.

*S16595 PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) WITH IONIZED CALCIUM

Specimen: 2 samples preferred PTH: 1 ml serum ( frozen )

Ionized calcium: 1 ml serum that has been anaerobically transferred from the spun RT ( use a needle and syringe to avoid air exposure ) into a plain RT. Label the sample tube as “SERUM” and keep cold.

Method: PTH by RIA Ionized Calcium by ISE


Indication: Evaluation of patients with hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Evaluation of patients with renal failure for renal secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Interpretive Guidelines: Differentials for an elevated ionized calcium and suppressed PTH concentration include hypercalcemia of malignancy, vitamin D toxicity, Addison’s disease and granulomatous inflammatory disease.

An elevated ionized calcium and mid to high-normal or elevated PTH concentration is consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism.

A normal or decreased ionized calcium and elevated PTH concentration is consistent withrenal or nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A decreased ionized calcium and low or low-normal PTH concentration is consistent withprimary hypoparathyroidism.

Comments: Sample for PTH should be frozen and sent on cold packs. Samples for ionized calcium thathave been exposed to air may have artificially decreased ( Ca2+ ) and those transported in

SST tubes may have artificially increased ( Ca2+ ).



69

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16596 PARATHYROID HORMONE RELATED PROTEIN ( PTH-rp )

Specimen: 1 ml plasma ( frozen ) from LT in RT or plastic vial labelled EDTA Plasma

Method: RIA


Indication: Tests for hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Interpretive Guidelines: An elevated PTH-rp concentration supports a diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy. A normal PTH-rp concentration does not exclude a diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Comments: Serum can give false negative results and is not recommended. Label “EDTA Plasma”

T395 PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME ( PTT )

Specimen: 1 full BT

Method: Mechanical Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of bleeding disorders. Evaluates the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways.

Interpretive Guidelines: Prolonged with deficiencies of Factors VIII, IX, XI, XII and fibrinogen. Also increased in DIC.

Comments: Requires adequate blood: citrate ratio (9:1). BT must be at least half full.

T690 PARVOVIRUS ANTIBODY TITER IgG and Igm ( Canine only )


Method: IFA


Indication: Determine recent exposure to canine parvovirus.

InterpretiveGuidelines: An elevated IgG titer is consistent with immune response following vaccination or exposure to natural infection. A four-fold rise in titer over 2 – 3 weeks is consistent with active infection.

An IgM titer of 1:10 or greater is consistent with recent exposure or recent vaccination.

Comments: This test is for canines only; see panleukopenia for felines.

Rev. April 2007

70



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T695 PARVOVIRUS ANTIGEN ( Canine only )


Method: ELISA


Indication: To determine active parvovirus infection.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Virus is shed in the initial phase of the disease. False negative results may occur in the prepatent and recovery phases of the disease.

Comments: Positive fecal test is presumptive evidence of infection. Antigen is measurable for only 2 4 - 96 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Recent vaccination ( 2 weeks ) with modified live vaccine may cause false positive results.

T697 PARVOVIRUS ( PANLEUKOPENIA ) ANTIGEN ( Feline only )


Method: ELISA


Indication: To determine active parvovirus infection.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Virus is shed in the initial phase of the disease. False negative results may occur in the prepatent and recovery phases of the disease.

Comments: Positive fecal test is presumptive evidence of infection. Antigen is measurable for only 24-96 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Recent vaccination ( 2 weeks ) with modified live vaccine may cause false positive results.

T700 PARVOVIRUS ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY

Specimen: 1 g fresh feces and 1 ml serum

Method: Antigen: ELISA Antibody: IFA





71

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S8710 PARVOVIRUS PCR ( Canine )

Specimen: 1 g fresh feces or 3 ml whole blood in LT

Method: PCR


Indication: Testing for canine parvovirus.

Interpretive Guidelines: The fecal parvovirus PCR test may confirm the presence of fecal parvoviral DNA even when the parvoviral antigen test is negative. Recent modified live virus vaccination ( in the previous 1-2 weeks ) may cause false positive results. Comments: This test is specific for canine parvovirus. Sample should be kept cold.

T705 PARVOVIRUS VACCINE TITER


Method: IFA


Indication: Tests for immunologic response to vaccination. This test does not assure protection against infection.

Interpretive Guidelines: A titer of 1:5 or greater indicates immunologic response to vaccination.

T750 PHENOBARBITAL


Method: TDX


Indication: To monitor phenobarbital levels.

Comments: Falsely decreased levels may occur if sample is drawn into a SST. Peak levels occur 4 to 5hours post pill. Trough levels occur immediately prior to the next pill ( 10 to 12 hours post

pill ). However, timing of sample collection is not important once steady state is achieved ( 2 to 3 weeks after commencing treatment or changing dose ).

Rev. April 2007

72



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T755 PHENOBARBITAL PEAK AND TROUGH

Specimen: 1 ml serum peak and trough ( No SST )

Method: TDX Schedule: 1 - 2 working days

Indication: To monitor peak and trough levels.

Comments: Falsely decreased levels may occur if sample is drawn into a SST. Peak levels occur 4 to 5hours post pill. Trough levels occur immediately prior to the next pill ( 10 to 12 hours post pill ).

T180 PHOSPHORUS


Method: Kinetic

Schedule: Daily InterpretiveGuidelines: Phosphorus tends to run high in young canines during times of bone growth. Renal insufficiency will increase levels.

T400 PLATELET COUNT

Specimen: 1 LT

Method: Laser flow cytometry

Schedule: Daily

T185 POTASSIUM


Method: ISE

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Assessment of electrolytes or acid-base status.

Interpretive Guidelines: High levels may be seen in metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and Addison’s Disease.



73

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T475 PROGESTERONE

Specimen: 1 ml serum ( no SST )

Method: RIA

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Predict and confirm ovulation, assess remnant ovarian tissue, monitor luteal function and predict parturition.

Comments: Progesterone concentrations cannot be used to diagnose pregnancy in dogs.

T190 PROTEIN, TOTAL



Schedule: Daily

Comments: Low or high levels are best interpreted by looking at albumin and globulin levels.

T410 PROTHROMBIN TIME ( PT )

Specimen: 1 full BT

Method: Mechanical

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluates the extrinsic and common coagulation pathway. Interpretive Guidelines: Increased with Vitamin K deficiency ( anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning ) and

deficiencies of Factors V, VII, X, prothrombin and fibrinogen. Also elevated in DIC.

Comments: Requires adequate blood: citrate ratio ( 9:1 ). BT must be at least two-thirds full.

T415 PT/ PTT

Specimen: 1 full BT

Method: Mechanical

Schedule: Daily

Comments: Requires adequate blood: citrate ratio ( 9:1 ). BT must be at least two-thirds full.

Rev. April 2007

74



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S17108 RABIES ANTIBODY TITER ( Export FAVN )


Method: FAVN Schedule: 3 - 4 weeks

Indication: Requirement for rabies titer PRIOR to exportation.

Comments: Contact destination consulate to verify current export testing regulations. In addition to the Antech Test Request Form, a KSU rabies form ( call Customer Service for required

form ) and a microchip number must accompany the sample. The FAVN rabies form must be signed by the attending veterinarian.

*S1204 RABIES ANTIBODY TITER ( Non Export )


Method: RFFIT

Schedule: 2 - 3 weeks

T9810 RELAXIN

Specimen: Canine: 1 ml heparinized or citrated plasma

Feline: 1 ml serum or heparinized or citrated plasma

Method: ELISA Schedule: 1 – 4 working days Indication: Canine or feline pregnancy test.

Comments: Draw sample 30 days post breeding. Serum and EDTA plasma are not acceptable for canine

samples. Send sample on cold pack.



75

INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T425 RETICULOCYTE COUNT

Specimen: 1 LT

Method: Laser flow cytometry / NMB stain

Schedule: Daily

Indication: To evaluate erythropoietic response to anemia.

InterpretiveGuidelines: An increased number of reticulocytes indicates that the anemia is regenerative.

T710 RHEUMATOID FACTOR ( Canine )


Method: Latex agglutination


Indication: To investigate Rheumatoid arthritis.

Comments: Long-term corticosteroid therapy ( greater than 1 to 2 weeks ) may cause the test to become negative. This test is for canines only.

T715 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER ( Rickettsia rickettsii )


Method: IFA


Indication: Exposure to ticks.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A single titer greater than or equal to 1:1024, or a 4- fold increase in titer over a 2 to 4 week period is consistent with active infection.

Comments: Animals may be negative in early phases of disease. Recommend retest in 2- 4 weeks if clinical signs persist.

Rev. April 2007

76



INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S7004 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER PCR

Specimen: 1 LT or tick(s) in RT

Method: PCR


Indication: Exposure to ticks.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive results indicate RMSF organism is present.

*S16040 RODENTICIDE ( ANTICOAGULANT ) SCREEN

Specimen: 5 ml serum or

20 grams stomach content or bait or

10 grams frozen unfixed liver Method: HPLC confirmed by TLC


Indication: Detects the presence of Brodifacoum, Bromadialone, Chlorofacinone, Coumachlor, Dicoumarol, Diphacinone, Pindone and Warfarin.

*S16710 ROTAVIRUS ANTIGEN

Specimen: 1 g fresh feces or fecal swab

Method: ELISA, PCR or EM ( method depends on species )


Indication: Diarrhea etc.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Positive results indicate active infection with rotavirus.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16730 SELENIUM

Specimen: 1 LT, heparinized whole blood or 1 ml serum

2 g liver or kidney



Comments: Send on cold pack.

T195 SODIUM


Method: ISE

Schedule: Daily

T200 SODIUM and POTASSIUM


Method: ISE

Schedule: Daily

T250 SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE ( SDH )

Specimen: 1 ml serum ( frozen )



Indication: Used as a liver-specific test to determine if an elevated AST ( SGOT ) is of liver or skeletal origin ( SDH is not elevated by muscle injury ); used in place of ALT ( SGPT ), particularly in large animals, to determine the presence of hepatocellular injury.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Increased with acute liver insult.

Comments: Should be received by lab within 8 to 12 hours of draw. Separate serum and freeze.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16735 STONE ANALYSIS (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY)

Specimen: Stone or urethral plug

Method: Crystallography


Indication: To determine the composition of urinary calculi.

*S16745 STRYCHNINE

Specimen: 20 ml stomach contents or meat/dog food

20 ml urine

Method: TLC/HPLC Schedule: 10 – 14 working days

Indication: To detect toxicity.

InterpretiveGuidelines: Interpretation provided with results.

Comments: Keep cold and send on ice pack.

T480 T3


Method: RIA


Indication: Evaluation of thyroid status.

T485 T3 AUTOANTIBODY


Method: RIA


Indication: Investigation of Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Interpretive Guidelines: An increased T3 autoantibody test suggests the presence of Autoimmune Thyroiditis.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T490 T3 SUPPRESSION TEST

Specimen: 1 ml serum per tube, label pre and post

Method: RIA


Indication: Evaluation of cats for occult hyperthyroidism.

InterpretiveGuidelines: The T3 concentration should increase in all tested cats, indicating that the client successfully administered the T3.

Hyperthyroid cats have post - pill T4 concentrations >2 ug/ dl. Normal cats have post-pill T4 concentrations <1.5 ug/ dl. Post-pill T4 concentrations between 1.5 and 2.0 ug/ dl are equivocal. Protocol: 1) Obtain serum for T3 and T4 concentrations.

2) Administer T3 orally using 25 ug tablets. Give 1 tablet 3x daily for 2 days. On the morning of the third day, administer a final dose of T3 ( 7 doses total ).

3) Obtain serum, 2 to 4 hours after the last dose of T3, for measurement of T3 and T4 concentrations.

Comments: This test includes T4 and T3 levels measured on pre and post samples.

T495 T4


Method: RIA

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A mid or high-normal T4 concentration in dogs tends to rule out a diagnosis of

hypothyroidism. Low T4 concentrations can occur due to hypothyroidism, non-thyroidal illness or drug administration. High or high normal T4 concentrations in dogs not receiving

thyroid supplementation may be spurious due to circulating T4 autoantibodies.

An elevated T4 concentration in a cat is indicative of hyperthyroidism. Cats with mild hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism with concurrent illness may have high-normal T4 concentrations.

Comments: For monitoring thyroid replacement therapy collect sample 4 to 6 hours post pill.

For monitoring tapazole therapy in cats with hyperthyroidism collect sample anytime within

24 hours of medication.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T500 T4 AUTOANTIBODY


Method: RIA


Indication: Investigation of Autoimmune Thyroiditis. InterpretiveGuidelines: An increased T4 autoantibody test suggests the presence of Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Comments: The T4 autoantibody test is a less sensitive marker for Autoimmune Thyroiditis than the Thyroglobulin autoantibody test.

*S16755 TAURINE

Specimen: 1 GT ( cold ) or 1 ml heparinized plasma separated immediately

Method: HPLC


Indication: Investigate taurine deficiency as a cause of dilatative cardiomyopathy or blindness.

Comments: Sample should be kept cold and sent on ice packs.

*S16760 TESTOSTERONE


Method: RIA


Indication: Evaluation for retained testicular tissue.

Protocol: Although the presence of testicular tissue in males can be detected by finding elevated testosterone in a single sample, provocative testing may be required. Administer 44 IU/ kg ( dogs and cats ) of HCG, IM, and measure a 2 to 4 hour-post testosterone concentration.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T505 THYROGLOBULIN AUTOANTIBODY ( Canine )


Method: ELISA


Indication: Test for Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Interpretive Guidelines: Thyroglobulin autoantibodies serve as a marker for autoimmune thyroiditis and can precede development of hypothyroidism by 2 to 3 years. False positive Thyroglobulin autoantibody tests have been reported to occur within 40 days of vaccination.

T720 TOXOPLASMA ANTIBODY TITER ( IgG and IgM )


Method: ELISA


Indication: Testing for toxoplasmosis.

*S18708 TOXOPLASMA PCR

Specimen: 1 ml whole blood or fluid in LT or fresh tissue in RT Method: PCR


Indication: Testing for toxoplasmosis.

Interpretive Guidelines: Most cats will have circulating Toxoplasma gondii DNA within 4 weeks after infection. Organisms may be released from tissue cysts resulting in intermittent positive tests for months to years in some cats. The presence of circulating organisms has not been found to correlate with clinical disease. Detection of organisms in CSF or aqueous humor may be more significant than detection in blood.

Comments: Please send on ice packs.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T205 TRIGLYCERIDES



Schedule: Daily

Indication: Evaluation of hyperlipidemia.

T230 TRYPSIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY ( TLI ) ( Canine )


Method: RIA


Indication: To detect exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, possibly pancreatitis.

Comments: 12 hour fast is required.

*S16800 TRYPSIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY ( TLI ) ( Feline )


Method: RIA


Indication: To detect exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, possibly pancreatitis.

Comments: 12 hour fast is required. Test is not valid on exotic cats.

T510 TSH


Method: IRMA


Indication: Evaluation of thyroid status. Monitoring response to thyroid replacement therapy.

InterpretiveGuidelines: An elevated TSH concentration is consistent with primary hypothyroidism. Approximately 25-35% of hypothyroid dogs, however, will have a normal TSH concentration. If initially elevated, return of TSH concentrations to the reference range with treatment indicates

adequate thyroid supplementation.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T760 URINALYSIS


Method: Manual or automated dipstick; specific gravity by refractometry and microscopic examination.

Schedule: Daily

*S16735 URINARY CALCULI ANALYSIS – See Stone Analysis ( Crystallographic )

T765 URINARY FRACTIONAL EXCRETION RATIOS

Specimen: 1 ml each urine and serum

Method: See individual tests

Schedule: Daily

Indication: Assess urinary excretion of measured analytes.

Comments: Fractional excretion of substance relative to creatinine.

T227 URINE BILE ACID




InterpretiveGuidelines: Elevated urinary bile acids indicate portosystemic shunt or hepatic dysfunction.

Comments: Fasting is not required. Timing of sample collection in relationship to feeding is unimportant.

T770 URINE CORTISOL/CREATININE ratio

Specimen: 1 ml urine Method: RIA/Jaffe


Indication: Evaluates adrenocortical function.

Comments: When UCCR is increased, an ACTH stimulation or LDDS test is needed to confirmhyperadrenocorticism.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


T830C URINE MICROALBUMIN ( Canine )


Method: Immunoturbidometric


Indication: The most sensitive assay for the detection early renal disease.

T830F URINE MICROALBUMIN ( Feline )


Method: Immunoturbidometric


Indication: The most sensitive assay for the detection early renal disease.

T775 URINE PROTEIN/CREATININE RATIO


Method: Pyrogallol Red/Jaffe


Indication: To assess proteinuria.

InterpretiveGuidelines:

T310 URINE URIC ACID : CREATININE RATIO


Method: Enzymatic/Jaffe


Indication: Estimates urine uric acid excretion.

Comments: Measuring urine uric acid concentration on an aliquot of urine from a 24 hour collection is preferred for monitoring allopurinol therapy.

An increase urine protein: creatinine ratio, in the absence of an active urine sediment, indicates glomerular disease.



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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S16840 VIRAL ISOLATION CULTURE

Specimen: Swab or tissue in RT ( keep moist, not wet, with sterile saline and don’t insert into gel )

Method: Culture

Schedule: 3 – 4 weeks

Comments: Appropriate for herpes, calicivirus, adenovirus, West Nile virus and influenza. For rotavirus use test code *S16710.

VITAMIN TESTING

Specimen: Call Customer Service for testing information and submission.

*S17123 VON WILLEBRAND’S FACTOR

Specimen: 1 BT citrated plasma or LT

Method: ELISA


Indication: To diagnose von Willebrand’s disease.

Comments: Send on cold packs. Testing bitches in heat, while pregnant or lactating, is not advised.

*S85448 WEST NILE TITER


Method: Serum neutralization


Indication: To investigate West Nile virus as a cause of encephalitis.

InterpretiveGuidelines: A negative test result may occur with acute infection.

A positive test result may be due to current infection, prior infection, or vaccination.This test detects primarily IgG.

Rev. April 2007

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INDIVIDUAL TESTS


*S85449 WEST NILE VIRUS ( PCR )

Specimen: 1 LT or GT, CSF, or tissue in RT

Method: PCR


Comments: Preferred tissues are brain, spinal cord, heart and kidney. Do not use this test code for primates.

*S16870 ZINC

Specimen: 1 royal blue top or plasma from green microtainer



Indication: Possible ingestion of zinc or signs of toxicity.

Comments: DO NOT USE TUBES WITH RUBBER STOPPERS.

Plasma or serum needs to be separated from cells and transferred to a plastic vial.

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