indo norway delhi_vishwas_28_oct2011_final
DESCRIPTION
Presentation made at the High level segment of the Indo-Norwegian Pilot Project meeting in New Delhi on 28th October 2011TRANSCRIPT
Project initiation meeting of Indo-Norwegian Pilot Project on Capacity Building in Biodiversity Informatics towards IPBES
Role of Biodiversity Information Facilities in sharing and use of biodiversity information
Vishwas Chavan, and Olaf BankiGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)Email: [email protected]
28 October 2011
World governments fail to halt biodiversity lossReuters UK
GLOBAL: World fails to meet biodiversity targetUniversity World News
Biodiversité: objectifs non atteints selon l'ONUAFP
Third of all plants and animals 'at risk of extinction‘Times Online
Biodiversité : les solutions de l'ONU pour éviter la catastropheLe Figaro
UN fears 'irreversible' damage to natural environmentAFP
International call for 'bailout' plan to safeguard biodiversityNY Times
World risks irreversible biodiversity lossThe Hindu
Biodiversity: In News
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2010) Rethinking Global Biodiversity Strategies: Exploring structural changes in production and consumption to reduce biodiversity Loss. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/500197001.pdf
MSA: Mean Species Abundance. MSA is an indicator of naturalness or biodiversity intactness
Biodiversity: A Global Context
“If the world made equivalent losses in share prices, there would be a rapid response andwidespread panic.“
Biodiversity: A Global Context
“a wake-up call for humanity”
“a wake-up call for humanity”
A simplistic view: one of many scenarios!
ContentContent
Environmental and human well-being
Environmental and human well-being
PublishersPublishers
ScienceScience
PolicyPolicy
Significance of biodiversity data
GBIF, Global infrastructure for biodiversity data
Vision: A world in which biodiversity information is freely and universally available for science, society, and a sustainable future
Vision: A world in which biodiversity information is freely and universally available for science, society, and a sustainable future
OECD Global Science Forum recommendation in 2000: establish a global initiative to facilitate free and open access to worlds’ biodiversity data
OECD Global Science Forum recommendation in 2000: establish a global initiative to facilitate free and open access to worlds’ biodiversity data
GBIF, Global infrastructure for biodiversity data
“This facility will enable users to navigate and put to use vast quantities of biodiversity information, thereby:
• advancing scientific research…• serving the economic…• providing a basis from which our knowledge of the natural world can grow rapidly..”
“This facility will enable users to navigate and put to use vast quantities of biodiversity information, thereby:
• advancing scientific research…• serving the economic…• providing a basis from which our knowledge of the natural world can grow rapidly..”
GBIF, Global infrastructure for biodiversity data
Responsive to government needs/demands in biodiversity management – government-initiated, and government funded
Responsive to government needs/demands in biodiversity management – government-initiated, and government funded
Developing an advanced informatics infrastructure for the (global) scientific research community for accessing and sharing data and thereby making better use of the huge investments (by national institutions and others) in data collection, storage, management and updating of biodiversity information in countries
Developing an advanced informatics infrastructure for the (global) scientific research community for accessing and sharing data and thereby making better use of the huge investments (by national institutions and others) in data collection, storage, management and updating of biodiversity information in countries
Started in 2001Started in 2001
56 Countries; 47 International Organisations
1000’s of individuals and datasets.....
GBIF, current Participants
October 2011: >312 million occurrence records from >18,000 + datasets from >342 publishers and spanning a wide range of geospatial, temporal and taxonomic coverages, being shared through distributed network
GBIF, data coverage
GBIF, universal access to data
Conservation and
sustainable use of
biodiversity
Policy development and decision
making (at local, national,
regional, and global levels)
Monitoring of status and trends of
biodiversity(sound science)
GBIF-enabled data and analyses
GBIF, Improving the Science-Policy interface
Data intensive science
Data helps in addressing micro to macro level scientific, social, and economic challenges
Data helps in addressing micro to macro level scientific, social, and economic challenges
21st century India: challenges
Exploding populationExploding population
Natural resources based economy
Natural resources based economy
Need for biodiversity information
Need for biodiversity information
It is essential for countries to have a biodiversity data discovery and
mobilization strategy in alignment with their overall national biodiversity strategy & action plan (NBSAP)
It is essential for countries to have a biodiversity data discovery and
mobilization strategy in alignment with their overall national biodiversity strategy & action plan (NBSAP)
“However, we currently lack best practice guidelines on how to develop demand-driven strategies and action plans”
Berents et.al., 2010
“However, we currently lack best practice guidelines on how to develop demand-driven strategies and action plans”
Berents et.al., 2010
Source: Berents, Hamer and Chavan (2011). Towards demand-driven publishing: Approaches to the prioritisation of digitization of natural history collections data. Biodiversity Informatics, 7(2): 113-119.
Importance of strategic planning
Participant BIFs: catalysing data intensive biodiversity science
• Promoting• Policies on open access to biodiversity data• Sharing and use of biodiversity (demonstrating benefits and applications)
• Coordinating• Data sharing activities, including digitization plans• Interactions amongst the network partners, at levels including national, regional, international
• Facilitating• Tools, documentation, best practices for data sharing• Information infrastructure for inventory, discovery, and access to biodiversity data
• Promoting• Policies on open access to biodiversity data• Sharing and use of biodiversity (demonstrating benefits and applications)
• Coordinating• Data sharing activities, including digitization plans• Interactions amongst the network partners, at levels including national, regional, international
• Facilitating• Tools, documentation, best practices for data sharing• Information infrastructure for inventory, discovery, and access to biodiversity data
National BIF: a national partnership
Data Publishers
Data Users
•Research Institutes•Universities
•Biological collections•Conservation NGOs
•Environmental Authorities•Private sector•Practitiones
•Rural communities•Policy & decision makers
Coordinating unit
Steering committee
Coordination unit = GBIF Participant Node
National Biodiversity Information Facilities (BIF)
Build capacity
Help identify data and information
gapsOutreach to communities of data holders and users
Promote best practices in data management
Identify user communities – assess end user needs
Data analysis to help adress scientific questions and decision making needs
Implement informatics
infrastructure
Coordinate data sharing
activities
Helpdesk
Help develop information products and services
Help formulate and adopt data sharing and manahgement policies
BIF (coordinated
by Node)
Promote online publication of scientific data
BIF: in service of society
BIF is a partnership….
• Improve access to biodiversity data and information
• Facilitate the development of biodiversity information products and services for target audiences
• Support research, education, policy and decision-making activities
• Promote scientific collaboration (both nationally and internationally) and enable new fields of research
• Help monitor biodiversity status and trends
• Contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity
• Improve access to biodiversity data and information
• Facilitate the development of biodiversity information products and services for target audiences
• Support research, education, policy and decision-making activities
• Promote scientific collaboration (both nationally and internationally) and enable new fields of research
• Help monitor biodiversity status and trends
• Contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity
InBIF: nation’s response to data intensive biodiversity science
‘National Biodiversity Information
Infrastructure’
‘National Biodiversity Information
Infrastructure’
Indian Biodiversity Information Facility
(INBIF), a step towards NBII
Indian Biodiversity Information Facility
(INBIF), a step towards NBII
InBIF
Effective use and sustainable
conservation
Effective use and sustainable
conservation
What are the high-level
policy issues?
What are the relevant scientific
questions?
What are the critical information
requirements?
Survey of MEAs and other
internationalorganizations
Survey of scientific literature, global
assessments (e.g. GBO)and other science based
reports.
Study of the state of thebiodiversity information, identification of existing gaps, assessment of fit-
for-use of the content (e.g. invasive species etc.)
From data to science to policy….
Network of publishersNetwork of publishers
Biodiversity dataBiodiversity data
Ecological Niche ModelingEcological Niche Modeling
Invasive speciesInvasive species
Disease vectorsDisease vectors
MigrationMigrationAdaptationAdaptationDistributionDistribution
PollinatorsPollinators
Endangered speciesEndangered species
Wild relativesWild relatives
Protected areasProtected areas
Genetic diversityGenetic diversity
Population monitoringPopulation monitoring
Uses of biodiversity data
Informing policy - Japan
The Japanese Diet passed its IAS Act in June 2004 - first list of IAS, based on Act, passed in June 2005.
•Invasive alien bass introduced from N. America; predatory, huge impact on indigenous spp;
•Policymakers needed to know which areas of the country are most at risk from invasion;
•Used N. American locality data (via GBIF) to establish EN, applied ENM to Japan;
• Instrumental in convincing authorities to develop IAS Act.
Iguchi, K., et al. 2004. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 133:845-854.
Greater changes than have occurred in the last 10 000 years – way beyond human experience!
Variations in the Earth’s surface temperature AD 1000 to 2100
.
Predicting climate-induced changes in tropical forests composition…..
Species richness - forest genera of Sterculiaceae, Meliaceae, Dipterocapaceae
Summary of CC impacts on tropical forests …
All families and genera suffer >50% niche loss; species loss;
Some gain in potential, but this would require migration and suitable ecological/climate niche (for forests) at destination;
Important implications for REDD, LULUCF and many other CC adaptation/mitigation programmes…..
FamilyAverage habitat
loss
Average habitat
expansion
Percent of species with
more than 50% loss
Percent of species with
more than 90% loss
Dipterocarpaceae 57.1 34.4 56.8 40.5Meliaceae 50.6 29.6 54.5 18.2Sterculiaceae 51.0 32.8 50.3 12.4
Agriculture and climate change
Crop SpeciesArea
Harvested (k Ha)
Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. 15214Apple Malus sylvestris Mill. 4786Banana Musa acuminata Colla 4180Barley Hordeum vulgare L. 55517Common Bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. 26540Common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 2743Cabbage Brassica oleracea L.v capi. 3138Cashew nuts Anacardium occidentale L. 3387Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz. 18608Chick pea Cicer arietinum L. 10672Clover Trifolium repens L. 2629Cocoa bean Theobroma cacao L. 7567Coconut Cocos nucifera L. 10616Coffee Coffea arabica L. 10203Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. 34733Cow peas Vigna unguiculata unguic. L 10176Grapes Vitis vinifera L. 7400Groundnut Arachis hypogaea L. 22232Lentil Lens culinaris Medikus 3848Linseed Linum usitatissimum L. 3017Maize Zea mays L. s. mays 144376Mango Mangifera indica L. 4155Millet Panicum miliaceum L. 32846Natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.) 8259
Natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.) 8259Oats Avena sativa L. 11284Oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 13277Olive Olea europaea L. 8894Onion Allium cepa L. v cepa 3341Oranges Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 3618Pea Pisum sativum L. 6730Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill ssp 4683Plantain bananas Musa balbisiana Colla 5439Potato Solanum tuberosum L. 18830Rapeseed Brassica napus L. 27796Rice Oryza sativa L. s. japonica 154324Rye Secale cereale L. 5994Perennial reygrass Lolium perenne L. 5516Sesame seed Sesamum indicum L. 7539Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 41500Perennial soybean Glycine wightii Arn. 92989Sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. v vulgaris 5447Sugarcane Saccharum robustum Brandes 20399Sunflower Helianthus annuus L v macro 23700Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. 8996Tea Camellia sinensis (L) O.K. 2717Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. 3897Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum M. 4597Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (T) Mansf 3785Wheat Triticum aestivum L. 216100Yams Dioscorea rotundata Poir. 4591
The geography of crop suitability….
Gmin: 60, Gmax: 100Ttmp:0, Tmin: 7, TOPmn: 16, TOPmx: 27, Tmax: 32Rmin: 220, ROPmn: 350, ROPmx: 900, Rmax: 1500
Current suitability: common beans
Changes in bean suitability….
• Impact of a 100mm more drought resistant bean in Africa;
• Change in the range with Ropt less 100mm;
• Green areas show regions that will benefit from such a technology;
• But where are the drought tolerant genes?
Technological options….
Drought tolerance germplasm accessions….
mapping Human Disease mapping Human Disease VectorsVectors
Aedes albopictus “Asian Tiger Mosquito”
Invader - fastest spreading mosquito in the world
Known to transmit Dengue, La Crosse, St. Louis, Eastern Equine, Ross River, Rift Valley, and West Nile Viruses
Tiger mosquito– native range……
Modeled native range in Asia from specimens & observations
Tiger mosquito: modeledpotential continental-US invasion….
Projected Asian ecological niche onto present USA ecological zones to create invasion risk-map.
Tiger mosquito: observedactual US invasion (by county)
Asian Tiger mosquito: world risk-map (present climate niches)
Asian Tiger mosquito: world risk-map (present climate niches)
Data intensive science
Data helps in addressing micro to macro level scientific, social, and economic challenges
Data helps in addressing micro to macro level scientific, social, and economic challenges
[email protected]@gbif.org