indonesia blue econ - sunoto

KEMENTERIAN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN

JAKARTA, 26 NOVEMBER 2012

BLUE ECONOMY: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PROSPERITY OF THE PEOPLE IN INDONESIA Regional Asia Pacific Forum For Blue Economy Jakarta, December 12, 2012 THE MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

December 12, 2012

1

INTRODUCTION

1. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with abundance of marine and fishery

resources. However, the contribution of marine and fisheries sector to the

economy is relatively still small.

2. MARINE RESOURCES: ABUNDANCE

• Number of Islands: 17,504 Islands

• Coastline: 81.000 km

• Marine area: 5.8 million km2 (2/3 of Indonesian territory)

• Industry: 80% of industries and 75% of major cities are in the coastal area

• Capture fisheries: the 6.5 million tones of fish per year

• Mariculture potential: more than 12 million ha

• Oil & gas: oil & gas Indonesia Basin from 60 spots, 70% are in the ocean

• Petroleum reserves of 9.1 Billion Barrels in the sea

• Tourism: most of the tourist attractions linked to the sea

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS:

• Environmental Degradation and Pollution

• Global Warming and Climate Change

December 12, 2012

2

MARINE-BASED ECONOMY AND

OUR COMMON CONCERNS

1. NATURAL RESOURCES DEGRADATION CAUSED BY:

OCEAN-BASED AND LAND-BASED ECONOMIC

ACTIVITIES

2. NATURAL RESOURCES SCARCITY: OVER

EXPLOITATION OF MARINE AND FISHERIES

3. INCREASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THAT DAMAGE

MARINE BIODIVERSITY

4. THE ACCESSIBILITY OF LOCAL PEOPLE TO MARINE

AND FISHERIES RESOURCES

5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS CAUSED BY GLOBAL

WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

December 12, 2012

3

MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT:

MAJOR CHALLENGES

BALANCING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH EQUITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: Increasing economic growth, job opportunity, poverty alleviation, and protecting the environment from natural resources degradation and pollution

PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLES: Integrated, comprehensive, long terms oriented policies, nature’s efficiency and multiple economic benefits

NEED : BREAKTHROUGH POLICIES AND PROPER DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

INTEGRATION OF LAND-BASED AND OCEAN-BASED ECONOMY

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GREEN ECONOMY, AND BLUE ECONOMY?

December 12, 2012

4

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:

A BASIC CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

(THE WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 1987)

The concept of Sustainable Development was developed to respond to economic crisis, including food, water, and energy in underdeveloped countries mainly in Africa and Asia, as a result of greed and careless managing the nature.

The essence and formulation of Sustainable Development:

The ESSENCE: "sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs": does not damage the nature: atmosphere, water, soil and living things--reducing pollution and environmental degradation, control the exploitation of natural resources, and promote social equity.

DEFINITION: "sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are all in a state of harmony, as well as increasing the potential for the present and the future to meet the needs and aspirations of human beings." (Brundtland Commission, 1987)

December 12, 2012

5

GREEN ECONOMY (UNEP)

Green Economy is “…. one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.”

“In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive.”

“… a green economy is one whose growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.” (UNEP)

Critical Issues on Green Economy: Green products and services more expensive and companies invest more

December 12, 2012

6

BLUE ECONOMY:

SEARCHING FOR NEW MODELS OF MARINE

AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

In 2010: the publication of The Blue Economy:10 years, 100 Innovations, and 100 million jobs by Gunter Pauli (2010) THE CLUB OF ROME REPORT)

The concept of the Blue Economy developed to answer the challenge that the system of the world economy has been exploitative and damaging the environment, but because of the waste and the damage caused by the exploitation of nature exceed the capacity or ability of natural support.

The principles of resource efficiency, low carbon, social inclusiveness have flourished, but still hasn't been able to overcome the human greed to exploit natural resources.

The implementation of sustainable development with the concept of green products and services, i.e. environmentally friendly products and services do not necessarily match the expectations: to buy more expensive products and cannot reach the poor, even investors have to pay larger fees to produce green products and services.

The concept of the Blue Economy is meant to challenge the investors that the blue economy business model provides an opportunity to develop business and investment more profitable economically and environmentally: using natural resources more efficiently and does not damage the environment, production systems more efficient and cleaner, producing goods with greater economic value, increase the absorption of labor, and provides an opportunity to give benefit to all contributors.

December 12, 2012

7

THE ESSENSE OF BLUE ECONOMY

1) LEARNING FROM NATURE: the concept of the Blue Economy modeled after nature: working according to what nature provided with efficient: do not diminish but rather enrich nature (shifting from scarcity to abundance).

2) THE LOGIC OF ECOSYSTEMS: the workings of the foundation of the ecosystem model of the Blue Economy, i.e. like water flowing from the mountains carrying nutrients and energy to meet the basic needs of life of all components of the ecosystem--waste from something being food for others, waste from one process to the raw material/energy source for others. Only by gravity energy is distributed efficiently and evenly without external energy extraction.

3) INSPIRED BY 100 INNOVATIONS: there are 100 practical economic innovations that inspire Blue Economy with the principle follow the workings of ecosystems: ecosystems are always working towards higher efficiency levels to drain the nutrients and energy without emissions and waste to meet the basic needs for all contributors.

December 12, 2012

8

THE BLUE ECONOMY PRINCIPLES

• Nature’s efficiency

• Zero waste: leave nothing to waste – waste for one

is a food for another - waste from one process is

resource of energy for the other

• Social inclusiveness: self-sufficiency for all – social

equity, more job, more opportunities for the poor

• Generation to regeneration and balancing

production and consumption

• Multiple Economic Benefits

• Beyond ocean-based economy: The intergration of

ocean-based and land-based economy

(archipelagic state).

December 12, 2012

9

THE NATURE OF BLUE ECONOMY

• Blue Economy is likely Green 2.0 (Pauli 2010)

• Blue Economy is not simply Ocean-based

Economy, but Ocean-based Economy may be

developed based upon the Principles of Blue

Economy

• Blue Economy is not Green Economy applied

to Marine Resource Development

• The concept of Blue Economy is likely the

most suitable to be applied in promoting a

sustainable marine and fisheries development

December 12, 2012

10

THE PRINCIPLES MARINE AND

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT BASED ON

BLUE ECONOMY

1) POLICY INTEGRATION: The policy integration of economic development and environmental protection, and investment at the national, provincial, and district levels.

2) REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Region-based economic development: land-use planning; cross-cutting authority, business interest, and ecological boundaries that promote economic growth and environmental protection.

3) CLEAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: achieving efficient production systems without waste (leave nothing to waste): pollution-free and does not damage the environment.

4) INNOVATIVE and CREATIVE INVESTMENTS: developing the Blue Economy Models of Investment and Businesses.

5) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: promoting a balanced economic development and environmental protection.

December 12, 2012

11

CRITERIA OF BLUE ECONOMY MODELS OF

BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT

(innovations and creativity)

1) MULTIPLE REVENUE/CASH FLOW

2) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY:

• SAVE RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY (reduce cost)

• DIVERSIFY PRODUCTS/SERVICES/BUSINESSES (more products, money and job)

• HIGH PRODUCTIVITY (more money)

• AN INCREASE IN VALUE ADDED (more money)

• QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (more money)

• NO WASTE: WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL for DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS (more money and job)

• NATURAL RESOURCE and COST EFFICIENT, but REVENUE INCREASED (more money for less environmental risk)

3) INCREASED LABOR OPPORTUNITIES (+)

4) AN INCREASE IN PEOPLE'S INCOME (+)

5) DO NOT DAMAGE AND POLLUTE THE ENVIRONMENT (reduce tax burden and lawsuit risk)

6) EFFICIENT AND ENRICH THE NATURE (+)

INNOVATION and CREATIVITY include: PRODUCTS, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT, MIND SET, AND THE WAYS OF DOING BUSINESS

12

POLICY AND STRATEGY

NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY AND

THE LAW OF COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT AND SMALL

ISLANDS (UU 27/2007)

1) DEVELOPING BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT POLICY WITH INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY BASED ON A BLUE ECONOMY MODEL: Marine and Fisheries, Sea Transportation, Maritime Industry, Tourism, Energy and Mineral Resources

2) IMPROVING INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICY AND OCEAN-BASED RELATED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

3) DEVELOPING BLUE ECONOMY MODEL ZONES

4) DEVELOPING CONNECTIVITY: BUSINESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

5) DEVELOPING RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HUMAN RESOURCES

December 12, 2012

13

BLUE ECONOMY MODELS:

DEVELOPING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

1) INTEGRATED MODELS OF BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT: business and investment with innovation and creativity that promote diversification of products and businesses, increased employment, nature’s efficiency, multiple economic benefits and save the environment,

2) SMALL ISLANDS CLUSTERING: a Region-based Model of integrated economic and environmental management of small islands,

3) The BAY AREA MANAGEMENT MODELS: the Bay area is relatively spacious and projected into an economic area with rich plurality of high activity – economically valuable and environmentally protected,

4) CONSERVATION AREA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: models of protected area: Balancing environmental conservation and the economy.

December 12, 2012

14

Indonesia

LAND AREA

SEA AREA

POPULATION

COASTLINE 220 KM

1.105.671 Persons

1.074,33 KM2

1.605,55 KM2

LOCATION (1)

DIREKTORAT TATA RUANG LAUT PESISIR DAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL Direktorat Tata Ruang Laut, Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil Direktorat Jenderal Kelautan, Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan

EAST LOMBOK: BLUE ECONOMY MODEL 1

TIMUR

+ Total of Vilage = 8 vilages

(Jerowaru, Pandan Wangi, Pemongkong,

Sekaroh, Batunampar, Batunampar Selatan,

Pene, Serewe, Wakan, Ekas Buana);

+ Total of population : 54.125 persons (Th. 2012)

PLANNING REGION (2)


PLANNING REGION (3)


MARINE INDUSTRY ZONE (4)

PEARL

Potency: 3.433,65Ha

Existing area : 1.628,15

Ha

Total Product :

0,20 tons (2009)

SEAWEED

Potency: 2000 Ha

Existing area: 526,18

Ha

Total Product:

118,975 tons (2009)

GROUPER

Potency:

509,40 Ha

Existing area :

9 Ha

Total Product :

12,60 tons (2009)

LOBSTER

Potency: 525,68 Ha

Existing area : 28,55

Ha

Total of Product : 146

tons (2009)

SALT

Potency: 2.183,13 Ha

Existing area: 205 Ha

Total Product: 9.106,38

tons (2012)

Productive salt pond : 205 Ha

Potential salt pond : 2.183,13 Ha

Forest Area


TOURISM

Potency:

Coral reef, pink

sand

Existing area :

1 hour from

Lombok

international airport


Ringgit Gulf

Ekas Bay

Sunut Island

Pink Beach Serewe Beach

Heaven Beach

TOURISM AT THE PLANNING AREA (5)

Farming Zone

Forest area,

Central park

Techno Park

Industry & Energy

Marine Industry

Housing

Tourism,

Culinary

Salt Evaporation

Pond

Lobster

Grouper

Seaweed

Grouper,

Lobster, Pampus

Argentus

Ecotourism

Pearl

Loligo spp

LEGEND :

Plan of Main Road

Planning area

boundary

AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

OF THE COASTAL AREA: EAST LOMBOK

PETA

PUSAT-PUSAT KEGIATAN

24

LOKASI TELUK TOMINI

ADMINISTRASI WILAYAH

KAWASAN TELUK TOMINI MELIPUTI:

WILAYAH PROVINSI SULAWESI

UTARA, SULAWESI TENGAH DAN

GORONTALO;

16 Kabupaten/Kota pesisir :

1. Kota Bitung,

2. Minahasa,

3. Minahasa Utara,

4. Minahasa Tenggara,

5. Bolaang Mongondow Selatan,

6. Bolaang Mongondow Timur,

7. Boalemo,

8. Bone Bolango,

9. Gorontalo,

10. Kota Gorontalo,

11. Pohuwato,

12. Parigi Moutong,

13. Poso,

14. Tojo Una-Una

15. Banggai

16. Banggai Kepulauan

TELUK TOMINI

The Biggest Equatorial Bay in the world

The Centerpoint of CTI

The Wallace Heritage Corridor

The Main Current Track of the World Ocean

2

3 1

The Tuna Interocean Migration

The Highest Ocean Biodiversity in the World

The Equator Gold Corridor

The Bajo of the uniqueckly Ocean Culture

4

3 3

3 5

8

10

3 9

120, 7 km

382, 9 km

Luas: ± 46.216,03

km2

Perairan Teluk Tomini Sangat

Luas

Berada Tepat Di Tengah

Garis Katulistiwa

OVER 75 % OF ALL KNOWN CORAL SPECIES ON EARTH

53% OF WORLD CORAL REFFS

OVER 3000 FISH SPECIES

1. FiHISING PRESSURE

2. ECONOMIC PRESSURE

3. DESTRUCTIVE FISHING PRACTICES

4. CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECT:

SEA LEVEL RiSE, INCREASING WATER

TEMPERATURE, AND CARBON DIOXIDE

EKOSISTEM LUAS

Terumbu

Karang 1) 11.748 ha

Mangrove 2) 16.105 ha

Lamun 3) 12.324 ha

Catatan: Tidak termasuk

Banggai Kepulauan

Sumber:

1, 2 SUSCLAM, 2010

3 Provinsi Sulteng, 2012

IKAN

ESTIMASI

(1,000

TON/THN) 1)

Pelagis Besar 106,5

Pelagis Kecil 379,4

Demersal 88,8

Udang Penaeid 0,9

Ikan Karang

Konsumsi 12,5

Lobster 0,3

Cumi 7,1

Jumlah 595,6 Sumber:

1) Kepmen KP 45 / 2011

2) Statistik Perikanan Tangkap,

2010

Fishing Ground Tuna

Nursery Ground Tuna

LNG &

Petrokimia

Industrial Plant Minyak Bumi

1. Bitung - Bilungala Fish Capture

Development Zone

2. Gorontalo - Popayato

Aquaculture and Fish Processing

Development Zone

3. Parigi - Moutong Aquaculture

Development Zone

4. Poso - Togean - Banggai

Kepulauan Ecotourism

Development Zone

1 2

3 4

THANK YOU

December 12, 2012

37

BLUE ECONOMY: BLUE OCEAN - BLUE SKY

SEE SEA FOR A BETTER WORLD

indonesia blue econ - sunoto

Documents