THE EMPOWERMENT MODEL FOR PEOPLE

IN NON-IRRIGATED LAND:

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN WONOGIRI REGENCY-

INDONESIA

Akhmad Daerobi*,

Waridin Waridin** and

Indah Susilowati**

*Faculty of Economics. Sebelas Maret University (UNS).

Central Java--Indonesia.

**Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economics and

Business. Diponegoro University(UNDIP)

Corresponding Author: indah-susilowati@rocketmail.com

The paper is presented in

International Research Conference in Higher Education (IRCHE)

on October 3-4, 2013 in Manila, Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Due to all of you, we are able to present our paper

in here, 3 to 4 October 2013

Our deep appreciation are accorded to the organizer:

Map of Study

Area Province: Central Java

INDONESIA

Central Java Province

Wonogiri

INTRODUCTION

• Significant role: agriculture sector to the inland community (particularly in Java Island with densely population), providing:

employment

food supply

research

other utilisation

• Farmers still live in limitedness : economic, politic,

and education

• One of the main things in poverty is the powerless

(high dependency toward season)

• The changing of season, especially a longer dry-

season, really influences the sum of crops

(production) and distribution

Problems

Densily population supply < demand

Economic preassure

City development

Infrastructure’s capacity

no longer sufficient

Resource management? Not sufficient!

The objective of this study

• To analyze the level of empowerment’s

community

• To formulate a model of empowerment for

people and the relevant stakeholders to

maximize utilization of their non-irrigated

land in study area more independent in

carrying their business on.

Materials and Method

Study Area: • Wonogiri Regency in three sub-

districts of (1)Pracimantoro (2)Eromoko, and (3) Giriwoyo that cultivated for paddy, cassava and corn

• Time survey: March – July 2013 Sampling:

• Method: Multistages Sampling

• Respondents:

(1) Farmers : 150 respondent

(2) Key Person/ Informant : 20 samples from multidisiplin (academica, bussiness,

government, and community)

Materials:

The empowerment concepts of Uphof (2003) and Suryana (2003) that already applied by Harry (2001), Zyl and Kriten (1997), Hongskul (2000) were adapted with necessary modification to this study.

Tools of Analysis:

• Multivariate analysis (Hair Jr. et al.,1998)

• Descriptive statistics (see Mason et al., 1999; SPSS, 1996).

Portrait of Indonesian Agriculture

Wonogiri: October 2012

FINDINGS

• Respondents in Wonogiri Regency (small-scale) were found relatively powerless (the intensity of empowerment are remained a far from complete) and still fragile.

• More than 50 % of respondents confess that they don't get loan, don’t have market access of supply and demand information source, don’t get technology access like explanation and assistance in self-production technique improvement

Mapping of Potential Crops

External

Factors

OUTPUT OUTCOMES

Determinant

factors:

- Economic factor

- Non Economic

factors: Political,

social, culture

Strategy :

-Why

-What

-How

- Identification

Analysis

(SWOT)

Solution:

Empowerment

through

- Dialogue

- Development

- Enhancement

Empowered

Community :

- Existence of

People

Option of

Empowerment

Models :

-Extension/

Campaign

-Education/

training

-Pilot project

(Incubation)

Moni-

toring

Model

tested

EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY

STRATEGY INPUT PROCESS

POWERLESS EMPOWERMENT POWERED

Source : Harry (2001) with necessary modification (Susilowati et al., 2004b)

PRE-EXISTING

CONDITION

Trial

• Target of empowerment strategy for farmers is focused on improving the respondents’ business for income betterment. How? Through the following activities:

- Extension

- Training

- Pilot project (business incubation)

Improving the role and contribution of the stakeholders, they are; government, private institution,

societies, academician, LSM, KUD, which were still unable to do self actualization in their group, and the abilities to lobby people who are related with their business is very limited.

Concluding Remarks

THANKS YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS

19

Affect to:

(1)PRODUCERS

(2)CONSUMERS

FOOD SECURITY

PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION

CONSUMPTION

- STABLE

- SUSTAINABLE

- COST BALANCE

-QUALITY

-QUANTITY

-SAFETY

-MARKET

PENETRATION

-BUSINESS

EXPANSION

EMPOWERMENT IS INDEED NEEDED HERE!!!

Indicator : Lobbying ability

(1) Whether the farmers have access to some people in local

government, KUD, public figure, functionary, financial institute,

entrepreneur, LSM, and university, or whether they do not have

access to them;

(2) Whether they have ever asking for help from the stakeholder or

not. If they have ever done it, then respondents are considered has

ever had an approaching or lobbying;

(3) If the stakeholders agree to help them so it is an indication that the

intensity of the lobby is getting more intense. (Susilowati, et al

2004,2005).

Based on the evaluation, most of them having a wider relationship

and their ability in lobbying is worse.

Level of Empowerment Description Farmers (n=150)

Got Credit (yes) 46 (no access=78%) Market Information -Him/her self 5 -Market mechanism 5 -Among producers 140 Production Technique -Ancient 111 (74%) -Modified 3 -Extension,book,farmer union,etc 36 Got Extension (yes) 10 Product Innovation -Him/her self 33 -None 117 Need support facilities? -No 0 -Don’t know 5 -Loan 100 -Other(equipment,etc) 45 Effort put on improvement (none) 85 Represent in forum/ got championship? 5 Making decision by himself (without any suggestion) 86 (57%) Ability in lobbying 18% The role of stakeholder (Scor 1-10) 3,5 (worse)

Role of Stakeholders Perceived by FARMERS

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

5,00

InputProduction Process

Distribution/Marketing

Infrastructure

Accsess : Market/consumer

Technoloy Inovation

Networking

Other Services

Ave

rag

e S

core

Gov ernment

Business

Community

Academic

NGO

n=150

HOW TO EMPOWERING THEM??

Empowerment for farmers, perhaps through: - extension, - campaign, - training - pilot project

Priority of Strategy to Improve Level of

Empowerment (AHP Output)

Credit and Loan .183

Means of Production Technology .117

Investment .113

Partnership and Collaboration among

Stakeholders .110

Non-Irigated land Agroecosystem .100

Improving Knowledge .095

Improving Skill (Champaign, Extension,

etc) .093

Improving Attitudes and Habit .073

Post-Production Technology (Processing) .053

Post- Harvest Technology .033

Production Technology .016

Role of Enterprises (KUD) .014

• Increasing local production through :

Ensuring the availability of quality hybrid seeds, fertilizers and plant

protection chemicals

Subsidy for inputs, especially seed, fertilizers, and sprayers (subsidy

on seed should be continued)

Training to producers on cultivation practices, IPM, fertilizers

application, harvesting technology, sorting, grading, storing and

marketing

Support for nursery bed preparation

Employment of a special expert

Provide training to technician/horticulturist on improved cultivation

practice, harvesting technology, post harvesting techniques, storage

technology

• Actuating distrbution aspect by promotion, partnership and

collaboration among stakeholders.

• Increasing capacity building of stakeholders by improving

knowlegde, skill, and good habit

27

MY FOOD, WHY SO FRAGILE &

LESS SAFETY....

PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION &

CONSUMPTION

quantity, quality, diversification, safety

FOOD SECURITY vs FOOD SAFETY: