Alan F. Koropitan

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

alan@apps.ipb.ac.id

Indonesia Scoping Report

Asia and the Pacific Regional Expert Workshop on Ocean Accounts

UN Conference Centre, Bangkok, 1 – 3 August 2018

TOTAL AREA

TERRITORIAL WATERS

EEZ WATERS

COASTLINE 95,181 KM

2.7 M KM2

3.1 M KM2

5.8 M KM2

ISLANDS 17,508

Physical and Geographical Features

Ocean contribution to GDP

Ocean Economic Feature

BAPPENAS (2014)

BAPPENAS (2014)

Orasi Menteri PPN/Kepala BAPPENAS di UI, 26 September 2017 “Visi Indonesia 2045”

Indonesia 2045

Contribution of fisheries, marine tourism and marine transportation will be 30% of GDP, through:

Institutionalization of Fisheries Management Areas, fisheries industry, modern fishing fleet, world

class marine tourism and water front city development

• Total workers in fisheries sector are 13 million people

51% active in production (capture and aquaculture)

38% active in trade

11% active in fish processing.

• In general, fishermen in Indonesia are still poor due to several problems, such as: low

skill in technology and business management, not bankable, etc.

• Fishing boat owned by fisherman is mainly < 5 GT, with the number counted 90% of

total national fishing boat.

• Almost 90% of fisherman can be categorized as peasant and post peasant fishermen.

• Traditional small scale business with limited capacity of human resources, labor

intensive, seasonal and limited raw material supply, low value added, and unmatched

with industrial standard product.

• Dependent to middle man (not bankable condition).

BAPPENAS (2016)

Social Feature of Fishermen

One Map Policy for Mangrove Distribution

SATU PETA MANGROVE

Mangrove coverage :3,321,288 Ha (in progress)

One Map Policy for Seagrass

SATU PETA HABITAT LAMUN NASIONAL

Seagrass coverage : 150,693.16 Ha (LIPI, 2017)

One Map Policy for Coral Reef Distribution

SATU PETA TERUMBU KARANG NASIONAL

Coral reef coverage : 2,517,858 Ha (LIPI, 2017)

Human population and land-use change

would be the main drivers for marine

pollution (organic and sediment loads)

Demographic feature

KLHK (2014)

Environmental Quality Index

(a) Coastal provinces up to 12 miles from the coastline, including small islands, (National Act

No. 27/2007 jo Act No. 1/2014 on Coastal Zone and Smal Islands Management).

(b) Ocean regions that cover more than 12 miles until economic exclusive zone (Ocean Act

32 of 2014).

Concept of Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia

Courtesy of Dr. Subandono

a) Zonation Plan for Coastal Provinces, including Small Islands (RZWP3K) has established

in 4 provinces (North Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa

Tenggara), while 9 provinces (West Sumatra, Lampung, Banten, JMA, Central Java, East

Java, North Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi and South Sulawesi) will establish soon. There

are 6 provinces (Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Southeast Sulawesi, Riau, West

Kalimantan and Gorontalo) in final processes for RZWP3K. The remains 15 provinces

(North Maluku, Yogyakarta, North Sumatera, West Jawa, Maluku, Bengkulu, Bangka

Belitung, Aceh, South Sumatera, West Papua, Riau Archipelago, Bali, Jambi, East

Kalimantan, and Papua) are targeted to finish their RZWP3K by 2019.

b) A National Marine Spatial Plan (RTRLN) is currently being formalized through a

government regulation.

Status of Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia

End of 2017

RZWP3K and RTRLN are to ensure the sustainability of marine and coastal resources

management, which is carried out through: (i) improvement of marine, coastal and small

islands protection; (ii) preservation of maritime socio-culture, indigenous communities and

artisanal fisheries; (iii) improvement of community welfare through development of

maritime economic growth centers; and (iv) legal certainty for attracting investments.

Fisheries Management in Indonesia

Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 18/2014

Fisheries Management Area

Ministry Marine Affairs and

FisheriesNational

Commission on

Fish Stock

Assessment

National

Fisheries

Management

Authority

Local Fisheries

Provinces and Districts/Cities

Fisheries Act and Government

Regulation No. 54/2002 on boat

licenses:

Fisheries Management in Indonesia

> 30 GT: ministry

management

10-30 GT: province

management

5-10 GT: district/city

management

< 5 GT do not need

licenses

Fisheries Management Plan for all WPPs has been formalized

through the series of marine and fisheries affairs ministerial decrees

No authority

In every fishing operation, all boats with SIPI have to report fisheries log book to the Fishing Port before landing

the fish catch. (Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 18/2010)

Task Force 115 for combating

IUU Fishing

Small scale fisheries: National Act No. 7/2016 regarding Protection and

Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish and Salt Farmers, provides support for

fishermen, fish and salt farmers in the form of: means and infrastructures

for doing sustainable business, capacity building, institutional

arrangement, financing system, risks transfer, and legal assistance.

Marine Protected Areas in 2016

No MPA Type Number of

MPA

Area coverage

(Ha)

A Managed by Ministry of Environment and

Forestry

32 4,694,947.55

1 Marine National Park 7 4,043,541.30

2 Natural Marine Tourism Park 14 491,248.00

3 Marine Wildlife Reserve 5 5,678.25

4 Natural Marine Preserve 6 154,480.00

B Managed by MMAF and Local Government 133 13,285,704.44

5 Waters National Park 1 3,355,352.82

6 Natural Waters Reserve 3 445,630.00

7 Waters Tourism Park 6 1,541,040.20

8 Local conservation Area 123 7,943,681.42

Total 165 17,980,651.99

Established and managed according to three legislations,

• National Act No. 5/1990 (Conservation Act)

• National Act No. 31/2004 jo 45/2009 (Fisheries Act)

• National Act No. 27/2007 jo 1/2014 (Coastal Zone and Small Islands Management Act)

Target:

20 million ha

in 2020

Local Marine Protected Area

• All MPAs that established by local and indigenous communities and private

sectors are regulated by a permit issuance.

• The issuance of permit will ensure the activities will not exceed the MPA’s

carrying capacity and in accordance to Indonesia’s Guidelines of the Sustainable

Fisheries Zoning Utilization in the Conservation Area (Minister of Marine Affairs

and Fisheries Regulation No. 47/2016 on Utilization of MPA).

• The extent of permits issued should not exceed 50% of the carrying capacity

(e.g.: maximum fish catch is 50% of the potential fish stock in a sustainable

fisheries zone, or number of aquaculture unit should not exceed the total area of

a sustainable fisheries zone).

• Recognizing various local wisdom which in line with the sustainable use of

natural resources

• Implementing the guidelines to improve the management effectiveness of MPA

(E-KKP3K)

The latest award was given to local government of Raja Ampat who sucessfully manage

Raja Ampat MPA. At the moment, Raja Ampat MPA already reach gold level for tourism

aspect, as the main drive of economy as proved by 18 thousand people visited Raja

Ampat in 2016.

Governance Challenges

Main challenge in ocean governance in Indonesia: spatial planning.

Two regimes of spatial planning: terrestrial and marine.

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is divided into coastal provinces (up to 12 miles from the

coastline) and ocean regions that cover more than 12 miles until economic exclusive zone.

Minister of MAF

Executive Committee

Statistics

Advisory

board

Management Measures

Scientific panel

Fisheries Commission

National

Commission on

Fish Stock

Assessment

Panel of

DGs

evaluasi

Control

Secretariat

feedbackFMA Authority

DG on Fisheries Capture

LC-EAFM

National Management Authority

MPA

Future Plan

Distribusi Spasial FP2TPKIFisheries Knowledge Centers (Universities)

LC-EAFM

Courtesy of Dr. Luky Adrianto

Research Structure in FMAs

WPP 571 WPP 572 WPP 573 WPP 711 WPP 712 WPP 713 WPP 714 WPP 715 WPP 716 WPP 717 WPP 718

LC-571 LC-572 LC- 573 LC-711 LC-712 LC- 713 LC-714 LC-715 LC-716 LC-717 LC-718

Marine data Fisheries data Socio-economic data Policy data

Fisheries resources Habitat Social InstitutionEconomic

Long term Research and Observation

WPP Data Pool

Fisheries Big Data

FMA basis

Fisheries ManagementCourtesy of Dr. Luky Adrianto

One data policy

Thank You