indriya sthana
TRANSCRIPT
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CHARAKA SAMHITA INDRIYASTHANA
Dr. Amit ManeP.G Dept of Rasashastra.
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CHARAKA SAMHITA
• The most ancient and widely used treatise of Ayurveda.
• Deals mainly with the medical management of diseases.
• But also covers a wide range of subjects.• Also deals with philosophy and way of life and
after life.
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CONT…
• Divided into 8 Sthanas, and contains 120 chapters
• Each sthana contains detailed description of various aspects of healing
• Indriya Sthana is the 5th Sthana• Contains 12 chapters and 379 Verses
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INDRIYA STHANA
• Peculiar feature of Charaka Samhita• Designed to help the physician to decide the
prognosis• Treatment is to be commenced only after
inferring about prognosis• Helps protect the attending physician from
potential defamation• Thus, it is a very useful tool even today
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CONT…
• Describes prognosis based on:– Varna– Swara– Gandha– Rasa– Sparsha– Swapna– Chaya– Prabha
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INDRIYA…??
• Defined as the sign of life in the body• 11 in number• 5 sense organs • 5 functional organs• Mind which has both functions• All functions of the body depend on them• Based on the functioning of these sense
organs the life expectancy can be inferred
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ARISHTA
• Sign or symptom that indicates imminent death is called Arishta
• Death is almost certain on occurrence of Arishta.
• Simile used:– Some flowers without fruit and vice versa; but
Arishta always followed by death and death always preceded by Arishta
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CHAPTERS IN INDRIYA STHANA
• Varna-swariyendriya adhyaya• Pushpita kendriya adhyaya• Parimarshaniyendriya adhyaya• Indriyanikendriya adhyaya• Poorvarupiyendriya adhyaya• Katamanisharirendriya adhyaya
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CONT…..
• Pannrupiyendriya adhyaya• Avakshirasiyendriya adhyaya• Yasyashavnimittiyendriya adhyaya• Sadyomaraniyendriya adhyaya• Anujyotiyendriya adhyaya• Gomayachurniyendriya adhyaya
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Ch.1 VARNASWRIYENDRIYA ADHYAYA
• General considerations regarding prognosis• Definition of prakriti• Definition of vikriti– Lakshan nimitta– Lakshya nimitta– Nimittanurupa
• Prognosis based on colour• Prognosis based on voice of the patient
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Ch.2 PUSHPITAKENDRIYA
• Prognosis based on smell• Prognosis based on taste of the body– This is based on inference– By observing the behavior of insects around the
patients body
• States the difficulty faced by inexperienced physician in identifying Arishta
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Ch.3 PARIMARSHANIYA INDRIYA
• Prognosis based on palpation• Observe any deviation from normal touch• Specific sites mentioned– Manya– Danta– Pakshma– Kesha / Roma– Anguli
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Ch.4 INDRIYANIK INDRIYA
• Prognosis based on observing the functioning of the sense organs
• There may not be any physical abnormality with the organ, but their functioning is hampered
• Description of signs related to netra, karna, twacha, jivha
• Hyper functioning of sense organs is also suggestive of looming death
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Ch.5 PURVARUPIYENDRIYA• Prognosis based on prodromal factors• Descriptions of purvarupa of different diseases
like – Jwara, – Yakshma, – kushta, – Prameha,– Raktapitta, – Gulma
• Prognosis based on dreams• Types of Swapna ---- 7
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Ch.6 KATIMANISHAREENDRIYA
• Agnivesha questions Atreya Muni about patients in whom treatment always fails
• Atreya answers by giving detailed descriptions about stages of different disease
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Ch.7 PANNARUPIYA INDRIYA
• Prognosis based on Shadows (Prati chaya)• Prognosis based on Aura (Chaya)• 5 types of Chaya (Aura)– Nabhasi Nirmal– Vayaveeya Ruksha– Aagneyi Vishuddha Rakta Varna– Ambhasi Vimala, Susnigdha– Parthivi Sthira
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Ch.8 AVAKSHIRA INDRIYA
• Prognosis based on ShadowsEyebrowsHairNoseTeethTongueBreath
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Ch.9 YASYASHAVANIMITTA INDRIYA
• Prognosis related to :– Ashta maha gadas– Shukra– Purisha– Anaha– Shankhaka
• Not all Arishtas present in every patient• Hence mandatory for physician to know all
and accurately identify the signs exhibited
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Ch.10 SADYOMARANENDRIYA
• Describes Arishtas in patients who are going to pass away in a few hours
• Prognosis related to hridaya and vayu
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Ch.11 ANUJYOTIYENDRIYA
• Arishtas leading to death within 1 year, 6 months, 1 month
• Related to Shukra, Mutra, Purisha• Ralated to pancha mahabhootas• Even presence of Chatushpada, having good
qualities cannot cure the disease• Patients who lose interest in water, food,
medicine do not survive
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Ch.12 GOMAYACHURNIYA INDRIYA
• Presence of fine cow dung like powder on the scalp of patient
• When formulation prepared following all the prescribed guidelines fails to act
• Prognosis based on messenger• Prognosis based on inauspicious omens– On way – In patients house
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REVIEW OF MAIN PROGNOSTIC POINTS
• The following are always present before death
– Tapa (raise in temperature)– Dysfunction of sense organs– Loss of memory– Change in behaviour– Changes / loss of Prakriti– Manifestation of Vikriti
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MEDICO LEGAL GUIDELINES
• Physician should:
– Observe signs and symptoms carefully– Evaluate prognosis– Not inform patient or relative – Unless requested– Not inform if it may cause complications
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SIGNS OF GOOD PROGNOSIS
• Signs opposite to those described in the 12 chapters observed in the patient
• Presence of ideal messenger• Availability of auspicious dravyas• Purity, cleanliness of patients house and
surroundings
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IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING INDRIYA STHANA
• Acharya opines:– Every physician should continuously read the
indriya sthana– Understand the contents completely– Assess the condition of patients based on these
guidelines before commencing treatment– This leads to successful treatment– Fame to the physician
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CONCLUSION
• Placement of indriya sthana before chikitsa• Detailed description of arishta lakshanas• To generalize, these include:– Either hyper or hypo functioning of various organs
and systems of the body– Deviation from normal structure and function– Observing omens, messengers and other minute
details
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RELEVANCE??
• Is significant even today• Added tool in the armory of physician• May help protect the physician from loss of
name if used properly• Thoroughly understand normal physiology
and anatomy• Develop keen observation• Identify abnormality, arishtas
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