induction motor driven water pump fed by solar ...panels, boost converter, three phase inverter and...
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http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 336 [email protected]
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 336–347, Article ID: IJMET_09_01_036
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEN WATER PUMP
FED BY SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY
USING BOOST CONVERTER
A. Imtiyas
Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Salem Tamil Nadu, India
P. SathishKumar
Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Salem Tamil Nadu, India
U. Shyamaladevi
Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Salem Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
This paper concentrates on the photovoltaic array fed, sustained water pumping
framework utilizing three phase induction motors. The intention of this work is to
bring an effect on the investigation of the exhibitions of the photovoltaic converters
used to encourage an all-around characterized stack. The objective of this project is to
design a boost converter to generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and
to run centrifugal pump. The proposed system consists of an arrangement of solar
panels, boost converter, three phase inverter and three phase motor. The boost
converter is used to enhance the power from the PV array and get constant DC output.
Then the output from boost converter is given to the induction motor. The centrifugal
pump is driven by three phase induction motors. This project emphasis on stage by
stage development of SPWM pulse to turn on the switches of the inverter. This can be
achieved through modelling and simulation of the various stages that constitute the
overall system. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink environment
for the effectiveness of the study.
Keywords: Photovoltaic systems; Boost Converter; Voltage Source Inverter; Induction
motor; Centrifugal pump.
Cite this Article: A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi, Induction Motor
Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter,
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018.
pp. 336-347.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=1
Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 337 [email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION
Energy has turned into a critical and one of the essential structures required for the monetary
improvement of a nation. Energy security is basic for managing development of economy.
The worry for condition, because of unreasonable utilization of petroleum derivatives, has
prompted an exceptional worldwide push to tackle elective energy assets [1].
Sun based energy can be an important origin of energy. Its potential is 178 billion MW,
which is around 20,000 times the world's request. So far it couldn't be created on a substantial
scale as a result of vast space necessity, vulnerability of accessibility of vitality at consistent
rate, because of mists, winds and dimness. Usage of sunlight based vitality is of extraordinary
significance to India since it lies in a temperature atmosphere of the area of the world where
daylight is copious for a noteworthy piece of the year.
The utilizations of sun powered vitality which are getting a charge out of most
achievement today are sunlight based water warming, sun powered cookers, nourishment
refrigeration, sun powered heaters and sun based photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work, sun
oriented photovoltaic cells, which can be utilized for transformation of sun powered vitality
straightforwardly into power for water pumping in country agrarian intentions is concentrated
[2]. It licenses sunlight based produced electrical energy to be conveyed to the heap for our
situation an electric pump. It comprises of sunlight based cluster, DC-DC converter, battery
stockpiling, inverter and load.
Figure 1 Block Diagram of Solar Pump
A tracking array is characterized as one which is constantly kept mechanically opposite to
the sun-array line with the goal that all circumstances it blocks the most extreme isolation. A
fixed array is normally situated east, west and tilted up at an edge roughly equivalent to the
scope of the site. Fixed array are mechanically less complex than following clusters. A DC –
DC Converter can be considered as DC comparable to an AC transformer with a persistently
factor turn's proportion. Since the yield of the sunlight based exhibit is less, a Boost controller
is utilized to expand the yield voltage level. Figure 1 demonstrates the square outline of the
sun oriented based water pump. The Boost controller gives a yield voltage which is not
exactly or more noteworthy than the input voltage [3]. The input current of this controller is
consistent. It has low exchanging misfortunes and has high effectiveness.
The sun powered produced electric energy might be put away in the battery storage. It
gives consistent power supply to the heap without interference. Inverter is a strong state
circuit which changes over the battery transport voltage into AC of required recurrence and
stage to match that expected to incorporate with the utility framework or to a recurrence
touchy load like AC engines [4]. The setups of inverters are 120º conduction mode and 180⁰ conduction mode. Among these two setups, the inverter with 180º conduction mode is utilized
to get its own specialized favorable circumstances. This paper deals with the photovoltaic
array fed water pumping system using three phase induction motor.
A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 338 [email protected]
2. SIMULATION OF SOLAR PANEL
A model of a PV module is used to predict module power. Temperature variations are not
considered in this analysis and each module is assumed to be operated at 25°C. The simplest
model of a PV cell is shown as an equivalent circuit below that consists of an ideal current
source in parallel with an ideal diode.
Figure 2 Equivalent cell diagram of PV panel
There are two key parameters frequently used to characterize a PV cell. Shorting together
the terminals of the cell, the photon generated current will follow out of the cell as a short-
circuit current (Isc). Thus, Iph = Isc. When there is no connection to the PV cell (open-
circuit), the photon generated current is shunted internally by the intrinsic p-n junction diode.
This gives the open circuit voltage (Voc). The PV module or cell manufacturers usually
provide the values of these parameters in their datasheets [5].
The output current (I) from the PV cell is found by applying the Kirchoff’s current law
(KCL) on the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 2.
(1)
Where: Isc is the short-circuit current that is equal to the photon generated current, and Id
is the current shunted through the intrinsic diode.
The diode current Id is given by the Shockley’s diode equation:
(2)
Where: Io is the reverse saturation current of the diode (A),
q is the electron charge(1.602*10-19
Coulomb),
Vd is the voltage across diode (V),
K is the Boltzmann’s constant (1.381*10-23
J/K),
T is the Junction temperature (Kelvin).
Replacing Id of the equation (1) by the equation (2) gives the current-voltage relationship
of the PV cell,
(3)
Table 1 Characteristics of Emmvee Photovoltaic Module
Parameters Values
Rated Power 240 Wp
Module Efficiency 14.6%
Cell Efficiency 17%
Open circuit voltage, Voc) 36.7 V
Short circuit current, (Isc) 8.74 A
Rated Voltage, (Vmpp) 28.81 V
Rated Current, (Impp) 8.31 A
Type of Cell Monocrystalline
Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter
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Totally, nine solar panels are used in which series of three solar panels are connected in
parallel to form string. The simulation for solar panels is implemented in matlab. The I-V plot
of solar panels is made for two different levels of irradiance.
Figure 3 I-V and P-V Plot of PV cell under two different levels of irradiances
The MATLAB simulation for nine solar panels are implemented and shown in figure 4.
Figure 4 Simulation of Solar PV Panels
The simulation results of nine solar PV panel is shown in figure 5 and 6 respectively.
Figure 5 Open Circuit Voltage of Solar PV Panel
A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 340 [email protected]
Figure 6 Short Circuit Current of Solar PV Panel
3. BOOST CONVERTER
Boost converter is used to boost up the input voltage based on the duty cycle according to the
required output voltage. The configuration of boost converter for ON state and OFF state is
described below by using switches. The output voltage equation for boost converter based on
the duty cycle is shown in Eq (4) [5]. The simplified schematic of the boost converter is
shown in figure 7. Inductor L and capacitor C make up the effective output filter. Resistor R
Load represents the load seen by the power supply output.
Figure 7 Circuit Diagram of Boost Converter
3.1. Design Procedure for Boost Converter:
The design of boost converter is done based on the load requirement the other parameters
would be calculated and the I/O specifications are tabulated in the following table.
Table 1 I/O Specification
Parameter Voltage(V)
Input Voltage, (Vi) 100 V
Output Voltage, (Vo) 325 V
Output Current, (Io) 8 A
Output Power, (Po) 2.0 kWp
Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 341 [email protected]
Duty Cycle:
The duty cycle can be found using the following relation,
(4)
(5)
Inductor:
The value of inductor is determined using the following relation,
(6)
(7)
Capacitor:
The value of capacitor is determined from the following equation,
(8)
(9)
Where, Vs is Source Voltage,
C is the minimum value of capacitance,
D is duty cycle,
Fs is switching frequency, and
∆V is output voltage ripple factor.
Based on the formulas the values for boost converter is calculated and shown in the table
given below.
Table 2 Specification of Boost Converter
S.No. Parameters Values
1. Input Voltage, (Vi) 100 V
2. Output Voltage, (Vo) 325 V
3. Duty Cycle, (D) 0.545
4. Ripple Voltage, (Vripple) 1% of Vo
5. Ripple Current, (Iripple) 10% of Io
6. Inductor, (L) 8.5 mH
7. Capacitor, (C) 421.6 µF
The Simulation has been implemented with MATLAB for boost converter [6]. The
simulation for boost converter is shown in figure 8 and the simulation result is shown in the
figure 9.
A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 342 [email protected]
Figure 8 Simulation of Boost Converter
Figure 9 Output of Boost Converter
4. INVERTER AND CONTROL SCHEME
An inverter is a circuit that transforms DC to AC sources. Inverters are utilized as a part of an
extensive variety of uses from little exchanged power supplies for a PC to vast electric utility
applications to transport mass power. This makes them exceptionally appropriate for when
you have to utilize AC control instruments or machine. In photovoltaic framework, the
DC/AC inverter is utilized to change over the energy of the source by exchanging the DC
input voltage in a pre-decided grouping to create AC voltages yield. Proportionate circuit of
three-stage inverter is indicated figure 10 [7]. It has six switches that turn on and off to get a
sinusoidal yield. SPWM is a strategy that utilization as a technique to abatement symphonies
substance in the inverter circuit. There are two basic types of forced-commutated inverter:
The current source inverter and the voltage source inverter [8]. This paper is focused on
detailed study and modelling of three phase inverter modulated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM).
Figure 10 Three Phase VSI
Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter
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4.1. The 180 Degree Mode Voltage Source Inverter
The DC voltage acquired from the PV array is changed over to AC voltage with the help of
inverter. A voltage source inverter gives a firm connection voltage, over the motor terminals.
The load current alters itself as per the impedance of the motor. Here six-step180 degree
mode inverter is utilized to get a three-stage voltage output from a DC source. The prime
purpose of utilizing a six-stage inverter is just to limit the exchanging misfortunes since the
stage voltage for this situation is a six-stage wave. Three-stage voltage source inverter is a
blend of three single-stage extension circuits. There are diodes in antiparallel notwithstanding
the fundamental power gadgets. These diodes are known as the arrival current or criticism
diodes. It gives a substitute way to the inductive current.
To get the three-stage AC current in six-stage inverter, six gating signals should be
connected to the six switches of the inverter. H1, H3, H5 are three stage symmetrical
exchanging capacity with stage move 120°. To deliver the symmetrical three stage voltages
over a three stage stack the gadgets are exchanged ON for 180°. The exchanging signs of
every inverter leg are dislodged by 120° concerning the adjoining legs [9 - 10]. The
exchanging signals S1 and S4 are complimentary, the same for S3 and S6, S5 and S2. The
line to neutral voltages Van spoke to the six stages of the inverter. Vbn and Vcn have a
similar waveform with stage move 120°. Each switch is turned ON for 180°. The switches S1
and S4, which have a place with the furthest left inverter leg, create the yield voltage for stage
A. The exchanging signals for the switches in the center leg, S3 and S6 for stage B, and are
deferred by 120° from those for S1 and S4 individually for a positive grouping. The
exchanging arrangement appears in the table given beneath. Likewise, for a similar stage
succession, the exchanging signals for switches S5 and S2 are postponed from the exchanging
signals for S3 and S6 by 120°.During step1, 0 ≤ ωt < 60, IGBT5, IGBT6 and IGBT1 are
directing. Accordingly, current
I = 2Vs/3 (10)
And the line to neutral voltages are
Van = Vcn = i*Z/2 = Vs/3 (11)
Vnb = i* Z = 2Vs/3 (12)
Table 3 Switching Sequence
A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 344 [email protected]
4.2. Development of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation:
The sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) technique produces a sinusoidal waveform
by filtering an output pulse waveform with varying Width. A High Switching Frequency
Prompts a superior sifted sinusoidal output waveform. The coveted output voltage is
accomplished by fluctuating the frequency and amplitude of a reference or tweaking voltage.
The changes in the amplitude and frequency of the reference voltage vary the pulse width
patterns of the output voltage. A low-frequency sinusoidal regulating signal is compared with
a high frequency triangular signal, which is known as the carrier signal. The exchanging state
is changed when the sine waveform converges the triangular waveform. The intersection
positions decide the variable switching times between states. In three-stage SPWM, a
triangular voltage waveform (VT) is contrasted and three sinusoidal control voltages (VA,
Vb, and Vc), which are 120⁰ out on stage with each other and the relative levels of the
waveforms are utilized to control the exchanging of the gadgets in each stage leg of the
inverter. SPWM is usually utilized as a part of utilizations like engine speed control,
converters, sound speakers [11-13].
Figure 11 Simulink Model of Three Phase Inverter
Figure 12 Waveform for Switching the Inverter
Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter
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The figure 11 and 12 shows the simulation of three phase inverter with sinusoidal pulse
width modulation. The induction motor is connected as a load. The DC input is obtained from
a DC voltage source and the inverter is used to convert DC into AC. The sinusoidal pulse
width modulation is used to turn on the switches of three phase inverter
5. SIMULATION RESULTS:
Figure 13 Simulation of Proposed System
The Simulink resort comprises of Boost converter, three phase inverter and induction
motor. The DC voltage received from solar cell is boosted up to the required level and then
fed into three phase inverter. The voltage received from solar cell is 100-110 V DC which is
fed to boost controller. The output voltage of Boost controller is 325 V DC which will be the
input to the inverter. In this model, the output of the boost converter is attached to the three-
phase inverter. The PI regulator still tracks the extreme voltage of the photovoltaic array.
The induction motor receives 230V AC from the inverter for its operation to which the
pump is connected. The first two simulation outputs show the line voltage for each phase and
the speed with respect to time. The system reaches the speed of 1350 rpm [13-15]. The figure
13 shows the overall simulation of the proposed system. The carrier frequency is set at 5 kHz
and reference frequency is set at 50 Hz for sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The
three-phase inverter provides a three-phase current to the load. Figure 14 shows a speed
waveform of induction motor.
Inversion of boost converter output DC voltage into AC by using three phase inverter
which is controlled by Sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The DC voltage is
inverted into Ac as about the same magnitude with reference frequency.
It is clear from the below figure that the speed of the induction motor is constant without
any oscillation. Induction motor is controlled by V/f control technique. The speed of the
induction motor is dependent on the frequency of the supply voltage.
The frequency of the supply voltage is maintained constant by using SPWM technique.
A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 346 [email protected]
Figure 14 Speed Waveform of Induction Motor
Figure 15 Inverter Output Voltage
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the investigation of the basic photovoltaic system has been exhibited. From the
hypothesis of the photovoltaic, a PV exhibit with a band of solar irradiation level. A DC-DC
converter which changes over a variable DC voltage comparing to the band of solar
irradiation levels into a consistently high DC voltage. Then the reversal of this DC voltage
into three phase AC voltage utilizing three phase inverter which is controlled by SPWM
strategy has been outlined. At long last, the system has been recreated with Simulink
MATLAB. In conclusion, 236 V and 5 A is obtained from the inverter and given to 3HP
induction motor. The induction motor runs at 1350 rpm with constant load torque. The
centrifugal pump is driven by three phase induction motors. As a future work, the hardware
implementation of the boost converter with PI regulator and inverter with sinusoidal pulse
width modulation will be achieved based on the MATLAB simulation.
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