inductively coupled pulsed energy extraction system for 2g...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ronald AgustssonJosiah Hartzell, Scott StormsRadiaBeam Technologies, LLC
Santa Monica, CA
Inductively Coupled Pulsed Energy Extraction System for 2G Wire-Based Magnets
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 1October 2, 2013
US DOE SBIR Phase I Contract # DE-SC0009547
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• Background• 2G HTS• Existing HTS Quench Schemes• Normal Zone Propagation
• Foundation• Formulation• Simulation• Experiment
• Execution• System Details• Fabrication• Data to Date• Future Plans
Overview
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 2October 2, 2013
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• Type II Superconductor• Lower Critical Field - Hc1• Upper Critical Field – Hc2• Mixed state • screening current vortices• Permits partial flux bundle
penetration
• 1G • Bismuth Strontium Calcium
Copper Oxide – BSCCO• Powder in tube
• 2G• RE-Barium-Copper-Oxide
ReBCO• Yttrium-BCO – YBCO
2G High Temperature Superconductor
Courtesy of www.doitpoms.ac.uk
Courtesy of SuperPower Inc
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 3October 2, 2013
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• Need to Protect the Coils!• Active
• Resistive Heating• Thermal conductivity of insulators• Slow• Aging
• Dump Resistor, Diodes and Semiconductor Switches• Can create challenges with electronics• Challenges with current source
• CERN – CLIQ• Coupling Loss Induced Quench Protection
HTS Quench Protection
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 4October 2, 2013
CharlesOberly,QuenchProtectionofMagnetsatElevatedTemperature,DOEWireWorkshop19‐ 20Jan2005St.Petersburg,FL
W. Denis Markiewicz, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 18, NO. 2, JUNE 2008
E. Ravaioli, New,CouplingLossInduced,QuenchProtectionSystemforSuperconductingAcceleratorMagnets
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Normal Zone Propagation
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 5October 2, 2013
Sumption etal.SuperconductorScienceandTechnology(2010)vol.23(7)pp.075004
Song. Microscopic observations of quenching and the underlying causes of degradation in YBCO coated conductor, Thesis
• Thin YBCO layer• Slow rate of NZP ~1mm/s• Concentrated energy
deposition• Poor thermal conductivity• Low thermal mass
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Formulation
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 6October 2, 2013
• Need faster NZF• Inductive Pulsed Energy
Extraction• Why ‘pulsed energy
extraction’?• Ring coil with an AC signal• Induce AC currents in HTS• Raise current above Ic
• Target <10ms, >50% NZF• Brandt Model
• PenetrationP 0 M (Ha )dHa 40a
2JcH0g(H0 Hc )
g(x) (2 x)lncosh x tanh xP (20a2 / 3Hc
2 )H04,
P (20a2 / 3Hc
2 )H04, H0 Hca
H0 Hc
Ic I0 (1B B0 )
I0=295A (self field=0T, 77k)B0= 0.05 T, individual pinning field=.7, pinning exponent
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Simulations
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 7October 2, 2013
• Brandt Equations• penetration
• Response Optimization• (a) Geometry
• 4mm ⌀ AC wire
• (b) Frequency• 1000Hz• Skin depth
• (c) Optimized• 12mm spacing• 150 Hz• 70% penetration
• (d) AC / DC Field Map
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Experimental Plan
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 8October 2, 2013
• Double pancake solenoid wrapped with resonant coil• 2 x 60 turns (~1m/turn)
• Include voltage taps• ~2.5m
• Baseline measurements• Warm measurement• Critical Current
• Ring resonant coil• Frequency• Current• Modify geometry
• Observe voltage response
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Experimental Components
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 9October 2, 2013
• Janis Model 9VSRD Cryostat• Main Coil
• 12mm wide • Superpower SCS12050 – AP
• Main Coil Supply• TDK Lamda Genesys 3U 30V-333A
• Main Coil Supply Protection• Low-Side switch
• N-channel MOSFETw/source to ground
• Resonant Coil• 2 ‘halves’• Preliminary version
• Resonant Coil Supply• 2x Kepco BOP 10V-100A GL
• DAQ• Measurement Computing USB-2537• 1MS/s • ~50 µs to sample all taps once• 64 SE measurements
• Control• Custom Labview VI
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Fabrication
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 10October 2, 2013
• HTS Coil Winding• Nearly no tension• Co-wound 65µm Kapton
tape• Resonant Coil
• Form wound flat pattern• G10 wire spacers• Preliminary geometry
• Soldering• Pure Indium
• 157°C melting point• Coil leads• Voltage taps
• Clamping Supports• Warm Lead/Electronics
Mount
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Experimental Data To Date
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 11October 2, 2013
• Warm Measurement for Validation• 1A / 2A• Tap #16 & #32 issue
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Vol
tage
Tap Number
Voltage Evolution Along Coil Length
Voltage 0A
Voltage 1A (a)
Voltage 1A (b)
Voltage 2A (a)
Voltage 2A (b)
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Res
ista
nce
[ohm
s]
Tap Number
Resistance Evolution Along Coil Length
resistance 2A (ave)
resistance 1A (ave)
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Experimental Data To Date
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 12October 2, 2013
• Cold Measurements• LN2
• 0 -142 amps• Onset of transition ~115 amps• Indications of normal zone
formation -0.12
-0.1
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Vol
tage
Current [amps]
Lower Coil
Upper Coil
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Res
ista
nce
[mill
-ohm
s]
Current [amps]
Lower Coil
Upper Coil
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Vol
tage
Tap Number
Voltage Evolution Along Coil Length@ 140 amps
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Future Work
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 13October 2, 2013
• Initialize Resonant Coil• Establish baseline
• Noise reduction• Sampling frequency
• Correct manufacturing imperfections• Leads• Taps• Coil spacer
• Examine Resonant Coil Variations• Implement simulation geometry• Interior placement
• Parametric Studies• Frequency • Amplitude• Ic Sensitivity
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Acknowledgements
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 14October 2, 2013
• RadiaBeam Team• Josiah Hartzell• Scott Storms• Yung Chen
• DOE SBIR Program• Work executed under Phase I contact #DE-SC0009547
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Conclusion
North American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 15October 2, 2013
Interested in Phase II Collaboration?
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Thank you for your attention!