Aim: How Have Archaeologists learned about the Indus Valley

Civilization?Do Now:

Study the map of

India, then answer the

three questions on your

handout.

India: Geography• India is a subcontinent because it is cut off

from the rest of the Asian Continent.• The Indus Valley Civilization developed

along the Indus and Ganges rivers.• To the north lies the tallest mountains in

the world – the Himalayas. To the Northwest lies another mountain chain called the Hindu Kush. Both acted as a natural barrier to invasion and kept India isolated from its neighbors

• People of India, both then and now, relied on the monsoons, or seasonal winds to bring rain to water crops.

The Monsoons

Indus Valley Civilization• Two major cities developed along

the Indus River: Mohenjo Daro and Harappa

• Both were very well-planned cities, each city laid out in a grid pattern

Manhattan uses a grid system! Very well planned!

Madrid does not use a grid system! Its messy!

Mohenjo-Daro Map

True or False: Mohenjo-Daro had a sophisticated water and sewage system.

Film Clip

Ruins at Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro

The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro

Well, Mohenjo-Daro

Granary, Mohenjo-Daro

pottery, Mohenjo-Daro

Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro

A Horned-God Seal, Mohenjo-Daro

A Male Head, Mohenjo-Daro

Dravidian

A Priest-King, Mohenjo-Daro

Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro

Female Figures, Harappa

Bull Figurine, Harappa

Elephant Figurine, Harappa

Burial Pottery, Harappa

Male Skeleton, Harappa

Female Skeleton with Child, Harappa

Harappan Writing

Undecipherable to date.

Aryan Migration

pastoral depended on their cattle. warriors horse-drawn chariots.

Sanskrit

writing

The Vedas 1200 BCE-600 BCE.

written in SANSKRIT. Hindu core of beliefs:

hymns and poems. religious prayers. magical spells. lists of the gods and goddesses.

Rig Veda oldest work.

Film Clip

Varna (Social Hierarchy)

ShudrasShudras

VaishyasVaishyas

Kshatriyas Kshatriyas

Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables

BrahminsBrahmins

ShudrasShudras

VaishyasVaishyas

Kshatriyas Kshatriyas

Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables

BrahminsBrahmins

The Caste System

The mouth? The arms? The legs? The feet?

WHO IS…

What is a JATI?

Brahmins

Kshatriyas

Vaishyas

Shudras

The Vedic Age

The foundations for Hinduism were

established!