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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

LOCATION : Mohenjo – daro and Harappa in sindh province near the Bank of river Indus.

PERIOD : 3000 TO 2000 B.C

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TOWN PLANNING :TOWN PLANNING :The builders of these cities had little experience of town The builders of these cities had little experience of town

Planning. The cities were laid out with straight streets at Planning. The cities were laid out with straight streets at rightright

angles.angles.The main roads running N-S & E-WThe main roads running N-S & E-W

i.e. Grid – Iron Pattern.i.e. Grid – Iron Pattern.The principle buildings were also The principle buildings were also

fairly regularly oriented having their fairly regularly oriented having their Sides towards cardinal points. Sides towards cardinal points.

Each city was divided into 12 wardsEach city was divided into 12 wardsOr blocks, each 365m X 244m.Or blocks, each 365m X 244m.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

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In both cities the buildings were composed entirely of In both cities the buildings were composed entirely of burnt burnt

bricks ( size 280mmx140mmx70mm ), they were laid in mudbricks ( size 280mmx140mmx70mm ), they were laid in mud

mortar to form an ENGLISH BOND.mortar to form an ENGLISH BOND.

The buildings had two or more stories in height.The buildings had two or more stories in height.

The upper stories were largely composed of wood.The upper stories were largely composed of wood.

The roofs being flat and built of stout beams covered withThe roofs being flat and built of stout beams covered with

planking finished with a top dressing of beaten earth.planking finished with a top dressing of beaten earth.

Openings were spanned by wooden lintels, but several Openings were spanned by wooden lintels, but several instances corbelled arch was also used.instances corbelled arch was also used.

Each town was provided frotress.Each town was provided frotress.

Zones were fixed like industrial, commercial.Zones were fixed like industrial, commercial.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

TOWN PLANNING :TOWN PLANNING :

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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

TOWN PLANNING :TOWN PLANNING :

Width of main road wasWidth of main road was

9’ – 30’ right angled road9’ – 30’ right angled road

Junction with rounded circle.Junction with rounded circle.

Provision of street lightProvision of street light

Was found.Was found.

Development was without Development was without

Encroachment.Encroachment.

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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

DRESS AND ORNAMENTS :DRESS AND ORNAMENTS :

Males used to wear Dhoti and Shaul.Males used to wear Dhoti and Shaul.

Female used to wear Ghagara & Choli. They were Female used to wear Ghagara & Choli. They were using different types of ornaments like Bangles, using different types of ornaments like Bangles, Necklaces, Earings which were made from gold, Necklaces, Earings which were made from gold, silver and ivory.silver and ivory.

ornaments necklace

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DIET :DIET :

The diet of there people was both vegetarian and The diet of there people was both vegetarian and non – vegitarian. They were using metal utensiles.non – vegitarian. They were using metal utensiles.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Copper plate with vertical sides.

SOCIAL SYSTEM : The social system middle class was dominant. But there was

No slavary. There was domocratic policy in rulling.

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MANUMENTAL BUILDINGSMANUMENTAL BUILDINGS

THE GREAT BATH OF MOHENJO-DARO :THE GREAT BATH OF MOHENJO-DARO :

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Great Bath at M-D: The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world.

The tank itself measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters.

The floor of the tank is water tight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum plaster and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner.

To make the tank even more water tight, a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank and presumably also beneath the floor.

Most scholars agree that this tank would have been used for special religious functions where water was used to purify and renew the well being of the bathers.

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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

GranaryGranaryThe "granary" of Harappa is found on Mound F. It is a brick structure that was built on a massive brick foundation over 45 meters north-south and 45 meters east-west. Two rows of six rooms that appear to be foundations are arranged along a central passageway that is about 7 meters wide and partly paved with baked bricks. Each room measures 15.2 by 6.1 meters and has three sleeper walls with air space between them.

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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONINDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONWell

A large public well and public bathing platforms were found in the southern part of Mound AB at Harappa. These public bathing areas may also have been used for washing clothes as is common in many traditional cities in Pakistan and India today.

looks like a small tower, but actually it is a neighborhood well