Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan

Richter

Industrial Gases

• Industry • Commonly Used Basic Gases• Formulation • Environmental factors• Common Uses

Gas Industry • Industries net worth $17 billion• 15 companies in Wisconsin• Employs about 60,000 American workers • Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of

America’s Gross Domestic Product

Source: http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf

How industrial gases are used

• Benefits patients in hospitals and at home• Helps clean the air• Creates cleaner transportation fuels • Helps purify water supplies • Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency • Powers space exploration • Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food • Enables advanced electronics

Commonly used basic gases

• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Carbon Monoxide• Carbon Dioxide

Source:http://www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf

Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis

http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

Nitrogen Synthesis

• Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it.• Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an

insulated area• The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid

oxygen is then distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen.

http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207

Carbon Monoxide Synthesis

• Producer gas: CO2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol)

• Water gas: H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol)• By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production

Carbon Dioxide Synthesis

• Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen.

• Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered)• Product of breathing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

Machinery

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo

Reactions

Reactions 2

Making Industry Greener

• Uses for oxygen in oil refineries.• A. Increased plant capacity.• B. Higher oxidation temperatures.• C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower

concentration of inert nitrogen.• D. New plants can be built smaller.

Making industry Greener cont…

• Hydrogen for oil refineries.• A. steam reforming of methane.• B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from

synthesis gas.• C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.

Common Uses

• Nitrogen• Ammonia synthesis (NH3)• Chemicals• Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR)• Electronics• Primary Metals Manufacture

Common Uses

• Oxygen• Primary Metals Production• Chemicals and Gasification• Medicine• Oxyacetylene Welding

• C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g) + ∆

Common Uses

• Hydrogen• Ammonia synthesis (Haber process)• Methanol manufacture

• (1) 2CH4 (g)+ ½ O2 (g) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 (synthesis gas)

• (2) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 2CH3OH (g) + 2H2 (g) +H2O (g)

Common Uses

• Carbon Dioxide• Food Industry• Beverage Carbonation• Oil and Gas Recovery• Chemical Manufacture

References • : http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/

Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf• www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Che

mistry138_7188.pdf

• http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

• http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo