Industrial Revolution

Pleasantville High School

For hundreds of years there was very little change in technology in Europe.

People lived and worked with the same simple tools that their ancestors had

used.

.Little had changed since the time the ancient Romans lived 1,500 years

before.

Candles lit homes, animals provided help for transportation, and craftsmen

used their skills to make hand-constructed goods needed in the

primitive society.

Why Britain First?

Geography and Resources

•Coal

•Iron

•waterways

Why Britain First?

Stable Government Excess capital (money) from world trade Strong military to protect trade Large food supply/ agricultural revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Agrarian Revolution

Improved methods of farming Dutch/Dikes/use of fertilizers Townshed/crop rotation Jethro Tull/Seed drill Selective breeding Enclosure Movement = taking over

and fencing off land that was once shared by peasants, to make large fields

Population Explosion

Why was there a population Explosion in the 1700s?

Declining death rates increased birth rates Increase in food production Better health why? More food lead

to healthy women= healthy babies Better hygiene and sanitation Improved medical care

New technology

New Technology

Energy = steam engine and the use of coal Improved Iron= smelting iron/better

quality/less expensive Good were now produced faster and in mass

amounts!!!!

Changes in the Textile Industry

Spinner and weavers of thread work in factories, not at home

Factory system workers and machines brought together to produce large quantities of goods

Revolution in Transportation

Building of turnpikes/private roads/tolls

George Stephenson: steam powered locomotives to pull carriages along iron rails

Robert Fulton:steam boat/ 5 miles an hour

Why were railroads important?

Spurred industrial growth Cheap method of transportation Created hundreds of thousands of

new jobs Boosted agricultural and fishing

industries, which could transport goods to distant cities.

Distant jobs Nationalism Resorts in country sides

Living conditions

Rapid urbanization (people moving to cities)

Poor people crowded into slums in cities, near factories

No running water, no heat, no sewage or sanitation system

Fire hazard Improved over time

Working conditions

Low pay/long hours Dangerous machines Factories dirty and unsanitary Poor lighting/no heat/poor

ventilation Harsh and severe discipline Child labor/women workers

These are some Social Effects of Industrial Revolution

Urbanization- the growth of large cities Rise of a working class New roles for children New roles for womenIN THE FOLLOWING SLIDES DETERMINE IF THESE

EFFECTS WERE

“POSITIVE” OR “NEGATIVE”

Urbanization 1

As fewer workers were needed on the farm, workers moved to the cities to find jobs in factories. Overcrowding and pollution increased.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

Urbanization 2

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Urbanization 3

Coal Dust

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Urbanization 4

With the invention of machines such as the reaper, farmers could harvest crops such as wheat, more efficiently, producing more food at lower costs.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Urbanization 5

Wealthy merchants invested newfound money and imported goods from all over the world to trade in growing markets.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Urbanization 6

New housing was built to accommodate the growing number of people flocking to cities to find jobs in new factories.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Rise of a Working Class 1

In the cities, workers often found themselves working long hours for low pay and in dangerous factories. Many factory owners became rich while workers did not.

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POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

Rise of a Working Class 2

There was a wide difference in wealth between the factory owners (haves) and the workers (the have nots)

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles for Children 1

While children used to work on the farm, many now worked in dangerous conditions in factories. They were prized by factory owners because they could fit into tight spots and would not complain.

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POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles for Children 2

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Children 3

10 year boys Spinning machines Barefoot 60 to 72 hour work week Fix broken threads on the

bobbins

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Children 4

9 yrs old 4 sides 48 cents

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Children 5

Fishery 3:30am to 5:30pm

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Children 6

Children often found themselves working with many other children in factors under adult supervision, creating a surrogate family for them.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles for Women 1

While women did chores on the farm, they were also able to take care of children during the day. During the Industrial Revolution, women would either work in the dangerous factories or stay home and take care of the children, thus becoming very dependent on men.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles for Women 2

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Women 3

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

New Roles For Women 4

Instead of staying home taking care of children and maintaining the house, women found themselves in factories, often making items such as cloth

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

SOCIAL HIERARCHY

UC

C

LMC

F and P

Upper Class:Rich industry and business owners

Upper Middle Class:Business people, professionals such as Lawyers and doctors

Lower Middle Class:Teachers, office workers, shop owners

Factory worker and Peasants: Faced harsh living conditions

Social Roles

Middle Class

Men•Worked in public World of businessAnd government

Women•Stayed at home

And raised children

Children•Better chance of

education

Social Roles

Working Class

Men•Worked long hours

In factories

Women•Worked long hours

In factories

Children•Worked long hours

In factories

Benefits/Problems

Benefits Material wealth Labor unions Problems Poor working conditions Unhealthy living conditions Class warfare

New Ways of Thinking

Laissez Faire Economics = Businesses should operate with little or no government interference

Adam Smith = The Wealth of Nations, promoted these ideas and IR

Thomas Malthus = poor would continue to suffer as long as population kept increasing; wanted families to have fewer children

Social Darwinism = stronger nations, stronger people, survive; weaker ones die off or disappear

Emergence of Socialism

Socialism = focus on interests of society, not individual; close the gap between rich and poor; farms and businesses owned by all people

Utopian Socialists = Robert Owen tried to create self sufficient communities; all property and work is shared.

Karl Marx and Scientific Socialism

1848 Marx and Friedrich Engals Communist Manifesto Struggle between wealthy

capitalists vs. working class (proletariat)

Capitalists take advantage of proletariat

Proletariat should take control of means of production and establish classless society with equal power, through a revolution

Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Long hours/low wages Child labor Pollution/burning of coal/water

pollution Lack of education Unsafe working condition/machines

have no safety devices Poor ventilation/ lack of heat Spread of diseases Fire hazard/ crime/sanitation/sewers tenements

Positive Effects of the Industrial revolution

Improved transportation Railway Age Steam engines railroads/ships Rising standard of living Better food Affordability of consumer goods