industrial revolution powerpoint

A Revolution in A Revolution in Transportation and Energy Transportation and Energy

SourcesSources

By Hannah Huan, Cialina Ngo, By Hannah Huan, Cialina Ngo, Sara Obeiter, and Lindsey OhSara Obeiter, and Lindsey Oh

Steam PowerSteam Power

During the Industrial Revolution:During the Industrial Revolution: Replaced water & muscle powerReplaced water & muscle power Engines that pumped water out of flooded Engines that pumped water out of flooded

mineshafts mineshafts In 1769, built the first steam-powered In 1769, built the first steam-powered

vehiclevehicle

http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/stephensono.htm

Ultimate Train: A Celebration of the World's Greatest Trains

Newcomen Steam Engine Newcomen Steam Engine

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v10n1/images/de_ridder1.jpg

Steam EngineSteam EngineJames WattJames Watt

1763-1773: 1763-1773: Improved Newcomen Improved Newcomen

steam engine steam engine Pump water from their Pump water from their

minesmines

1781: rotary-motion 1781: rotary-motion steam enginesteam engine

Power different types Power different types of machineryof machinery

http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~klio/sci/steam-engine.jpg

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SCwatt.htm

James Watt

Scottish Instrument maker, engineer, and inventor

Born on Jan. 19, 1736 and died on Aug. 25, 1819

SI unit of Power was named after Watt

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9076296/James-Watt

http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9382421

Watt Steam EngineWatt Steam Engine-Improved version of Newcomen steam engine- Separate condenserSun-and-planet gear- Double-acting engine- Automatic control speed - Pressure gauge

Richard Trevithick

Lived from 1771-1833

English Engineer and Inventor

Victim to many business mishaps

Died in poverty just when the Railroad Age began

http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790eddce822971f2e5c69cdb9846af7eae83f93a000f168d022234a5c4ec340e3a08dc89f11d2fc958ed7fa8992c8bd8c3e9&fmt=C

High- Pressure Engine

Designed the first efficient railway locomotive

Improved stationary steam engine that used high pressure

Adapted to Driving a iron-rolling mill Propelling a barge with paddles Powering the world’s first steam dredgers and

a threshing machine

http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790eddce822971f2e5c69cdb9846af7eae83f93a000f168d022234a5c4ec340e3a08dc89f11d2fc958ed7fa8992c8bd8c3e9&fmt=C

George Stephenson

1781-1848 English inventor and

railroad engineer One of England’s

leading railroad engineers

http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790eddce822971f2e5c658f64399541e8af2562b55a56d0f818611d5d5389fa65324182ec0d4b17870aa7577d21b542154e9&fmt=C

Stephenson’s Achievements

Created the Manchester and Leeds, the North Midland and the Grand Junction railways

“Blucher” “Steam blast” “Rocket”

http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790eddce822971f2e5c658f64399541e8af2562b55a56d0f818611d5d5389fa65324182ec0d4b17870aa7577d21b542154e9&fmt=C

Railways: Advent

1825: first modern railway

England Stockton to Darlington George Stephenson 15 mph

1830: Liverpool &

Manchester Railway

Ralph, Philip Lee, Robert E. Lerner, Standish Meacham, Alan T. Wood, Richard W. Hull, and Edward McNall Burns. World Civilizations: Their History and Their Culture. 9th ed. New York: WW Norton & Company, 1997.

Railways: Advent

Not a completely new idea Response to mines

many powerful steam engines efficient coal transporting

Power and speed

Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Revolution: 1789-1848. New York: Random House, Inc., 1962.

Hunt, Lynn, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia, and Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures: A Concise History. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2003.

Railways: Importance

Efficiency Transport goods quickly, cheaply, across long

distances Heavy materials made moveable

Economy Capitalist investments


Railways: Importance

Industry Demanded coal, rails, locomotives, carriages,

signals, switches Decreased time spent to sell goods Quicker return on capital investment Money used to reinvest in manufacturing of

more goods


Automobiles

Nikolaus Otto German engineer Invented gasoline-

powered internal combustion engine

Alternative to use of steam engine as power source

Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History: The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007."Nikolaus August Otto." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 May. 2008

<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434878/Nikolaus-August-Otto>.

Automobiles

Karl Benz 1886: patented 1st

automobile (3-wheel)• Powered by internal

combustion engine

Gottlieb Daimler 1887: introduced 1st 4-

wheeled automobile

Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History: The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007."Gottlieb Daimler." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 May. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149896/Gottlieb-Daimler>. "Karl Benz." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 May. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61255/Karl-Friedrich-Benz>.

Automobiles

Henry Ford Models with speeds up to 25 mph Early 1900s: assembly line U.S. became leader in automobile industry

Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History: The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007."Henry Ford." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 May. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/213223/Henry-Ford>.

Henry Ford

Born July 30, 1863 Died April 7, 1947 Famous for Ford

Motor Company’s automobiles and assembly line methods in the factory

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-22463/Henry-Ford

Model T

Designed to be practical and affordable by the average American.

Huge impact in a span of two decades• Farmers• Stimulated urbanization

Assembly-line method

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-22463/Henry-Ford

The Origins of Oil and Natural GasThe Origins of Oil and Natural Gas

6000 years ago6000 years ago Chinese – polish swords and Chinese – polish swords and

armorarmor Egypt – preserved mummies Egypt – preserved mummies

polish chariotspolish chariots

1800s1800s SaltSalt Lighting homes and factoriesLighting homes and factories

Whale Oil Whale Oil Make candles and fuel for Make candles and fuel for

lampslamps Supply running low & price Supply running low & price

skyrocketed skyrocketed Sperm whales – near Sperm whales – near

extinctionextinction

Petroleum gasPetroleum gas Distilled from coalDistilled from coal Skimming from ponds and Skimming from ponds and

streamsstreams Oil shale retortingOil shale retorting

http://www.teachingtools.com/CrudeEnergy/BlackGold.htm

Origins of the Oil Industry Origins of the Oil Industry Edwin L. DrakeEdwin L. Drake

Searched for oil (Pittsburg)Searched for oil (Pittsburg) DugDug Drill Drill

Drive pipeDrive pipe Struck OilStruck Oil

Provided inexpensive lamp fuel & superior Provided inexpensive lamp fuel & superior lubricationlubrication

http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/edwin/page1.asp?secid=31

Major Oil ProducersMajor Oil Producers

http://www.oilfreefuture.com/oil.pipeline.html

CoalCoal

Used for a steam locomotiveUsed for a steam locomotive

http://www.astecindustries.com/images/photos/Coal_Hands.jpg

Shift from Coal to Oil FuelShift from Coal to Oil Fuel

Coal Coal Created black fumesCreated black fumes Oil was more efficientOil was more efficient Fatality rates higherFatality rates higher

http://www.energybulletin.net/17739.html

http://www.energybulletin.net/17739.html

Shift from Coal to Oil FuelShift from Coal to Oil Fuel

Mid 1800s – industrial revolutionMid 1800s – industrial revolution U.S.A U.S.A Great BritainGreat Britain France France

John D. Rockefeller

Born July 8, 1839 in New York

Died May 23, 1937 in Florida

Founder of the Standard Oil Company

Philanthropist: donated $500 million to causes

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9063982

Standard Oil Company

Built an oil refinery near Cleveland in 1863.

By 1882, Standard Oil was nearly a monopoly on oil business in the United States

Set up the standards for future US business trusts

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9063982

The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973

The price of fuel increased dramaticallyThe price of fuel increased dramatically October of 1973- an oil embargo by the October of 1973- an oil embargo by the

members of the Organization of Arab members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) Cut further into the supply of oilCut further into the supply of oil Sometimes no gas at gas stationsSometimes no gas at gas stations

Energy remains a large topic in the newsEnergy remains a large topic in the news

•http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/25opec/anniversary.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/25opec/anniversary.html

Major Disruptions in Oil SupplyMajor Disruptions in Oil Supply

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/25opec/sld001.htm

OAPEC and Petroleum ConsumptionOAPEC and Petroleum Consumption

Stock shares of Stock shares of OAPEC OAPEC decreased by decreased by 25% after 197325% after 1973

Following the Following the price increase in price increase in 1973, the oil 1973, the oil consumption in consumption in the US declined the US declined for 2 years for 2 years afterwardafterward


Price InflationPrice Inflation

During the past 25 years, the price of During the past 25 years, the price of gasoline has risen approximately 5% each gasoline has risen approximately 5% each yearyear

Not taking inflation into accountNot taking inflation into account Taking inflation into account, only .25% Taking inflation into account, only .25%

increase in price each yearincrease in price each year


The Price of GasolineThe Price of Gasoline

Changes in LifestyleChanges in Lifestyle

People adapted in many different ways to the People adapted in many different ways to the increased energy costincreased energy cost

Cars became more fuel efficientCars became more fuel efficient The average rate of increase of mpg is 2.7% per yearThe average rate of increase of mpg is 2.7% per year Horsepower of cars and small trucks decreased from Horsepower of cars and small trucks decreased from

1973 to 1983, and then increased again1973 to 1983, and then increased again The number of homes using oil heat has The number of homes using oil heat has

decreased 23% since 1973decreased 23% since 1973 Energy use dropped 15% from 1978-1983 even Energy use dropped 15% from 1978-1983 even

though the population increasedthough the population increased


Changes in LifestyleChanges in Lifestyle

The efficiency of household appliances, The efficiency of household appliances, like refrigerators, nearly tripled in the 25 like refrigerators, nearly tripled in the 25 years following the Arab Oil Embargoyears following the Arab Oil Embargo From 3.84 ftFrom 3.84 ft33/kwh/day in 1972 to 11.22 /kwh/day in 1972 to 11.22

ftft33/kwh/day in 1996/kwh/day in 1996

HorsepowerHorsepower

ConclusionConclusion

As you can see, oil impacts today’s As you can see, oil impacts today’s economyeconomy

industrial revolution powerpoint

Technology

steam power

use of steam engine

watt http

steam engine james watt

steampowered vehicle

steam dredgers

encyclopdia britannica

newcomen steam enginehttp