industrial revolution & responses (1750-1900) i.intro ii.early industry a.women b.guilds...
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Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)
I. IntroII. Early Industry
A. WomenB. Guilds
III. PopulationA. ExplosionB. Why?
IV. Factory SystemA. British FirstB. Positives &
NegativesV. Responses
Key Terms• Cottage Industry• Agricultural Revolution• Columbian Exchange• Jethro Tull• Charles Townsend• British Advantages• Chartists• William Lovett• Socialism• Marx & Engels
Cottage Industry
• Spinning Wheel• Women set their own pace
& made extra money
Guilds
• Working Conditions:– Set own pace– Small, family
businesses– Pride in work
Hatters Making Felt Hats
Europe’s Population Explosion
• 1730: 120 million• 1800: 190 million • 1850: 265 million• 1900: 400 million
Why?• Decline in death rates• More food!!!
Columbian Exchange: Crops
Native American Plants Taken to Europe
Old World Plants Brought to America
Beans Apple
Bell & hot pepper Beet
Maize (corn) Cabbage
Papaya & pineapple Olive
Pumpkin & squash Sugarcane
Tomato Lemon
Wild rice Grapefruit
Sweet potato & white potato Plum
Tobacco
Agricultural Revolution
• New crops became available.
• New farming techniques were developed. Two leaders were…
Jethro Tull(1674-1741)
• An English farmer who experimented with farming techniques.
• He invented/popularized use of a seed drill & iron plow
Charles “Turnip” Townsend(1674-1738)
• Pioneered practice of crop rotation & use of manure.
• Popularized use of alfalfa & turnips (as fodder).
Impact Of New Crops & Techniques
• 1700: 80% of pop. farmed• 1800: 40% of pop. farmed AND produced a lot
more food!
British Advantages
1. Abundance of natural resources
a) Farmland; coal & iron
b) Proximity to sea
2. Stable political system—an isolated island
3. Colonial Empire-raw materials
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain:
Positives Of Industrialization
• Clothing• Railroads
Eiffel Tower (1889)
• Soap & Underwear…
Puffing Billy- Pulled Coal Trains (First Rail Locomotive in 1804; 1832 picture)
“The Rocket” (1829)Average Speed: 14 mph
Working Conditions
Descending a mine shaftCoal is loaded onto cars
Women & Child Laborers
Women workers making brushes in a factory (c. 1884)
Girls hauling coal up ladders (1843)
Negatives Of Industrialization
• Poor working conditions:– “Clock & Whistle”– 12-16 hour days (up to
1847)– Huge factories– Dangerous– Alcoholism grew
• Poor living conditionsCartoon shows exploitation
of workers
Chartists = Union(1830s)
1. Universal manhood suffrage
2. Secret ballot
3. Eliminate property qualifications to serve in Parliament & provide salary for members
Tactic: Expand democracy so workers can be elected to public office.
William Lovett
(1800-1877)
Socialism
• Public (or government) ownership of all business.– Redistribute property equally
Socialism
• German• Activist on behalf of
Industrial workers• Co-author of
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
Socialism
• German• His family owned factories
in London-he became an activist for workers
• Co-author of Communist Manifesto
Fredrick Engels
(1820-1895)
Communist Manifesto(1848)
1. Throughout history, all societies have had class conflict.
2. Those with power (owners) exploit workers.
3. Once a country becomes industrialized, workers will overthrow owners in a bloody & violent revolution.
Result: Establishment of society based on equality.
Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)
I. IntroII. Early Industry
A. WomenB. Guilds
III. PopulationA. ExplosionB. Why?
IV. Factory SystemA. British FirstB. Positives &
NegativesV. Responses
Key Terms• Cottage Industry• Agricultural Revolution• Columbian Exchange• Jethro Tull• Charles Townsend• British Advantages• Chartists• William Lovett• Socialism• Marx & Engels