INDUSTRYBasics of Industry. Industry Sector.

GERMANY

FINLAND

JAPAN

California, USA

Switzerland

New York, USA

PHILIPPINES

Netherlands (headquarters)United Kingdom (registered office)

INDUSTRY: production of

an economic

good or service within

an economy.

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: includes

those economic sectors that create a

finished, tangible product: production

and construction.

Involves the transformation of raw or

intermediate materials into goods e.g.

manufacturing steel into cars, or textiles into

clothing. (A builder and a dressmaker would

be workers in the secondary sector.)

FUNCTION: This sector generally takes the output of

the primary sector and manufactures finished goods. These

products are then either exported or sold to domestic

consumers and to places where they are suitable for use by

other businesses. This sector is often divided into light

industry and heavy industry. Many of these industries

consume large amounts of energy and require factories and

machinery to convert the raw materials into goods and

products. They also produce waste materials and waste

heat that may pose environmental problems or cause

pollution.

LIGHT INDUSTRY

=usually less capital intensive than heavy industry, and is

more consumer-oriented than business-oriented (i.e., most

light industry products are produced for end users rather

than as intermediates for use by other industries).

One economic definition states that light industry is a

"manufacturing activity that uses moderate amounts of

partially processed materials to produce items of relatively

high value per unit weight".

Examples of light industries include the manufacturing

of clothes, shoes, furniture, consumer electronics and home

appliances. Conversely, ship building would fall

under heavy industry.

Characteristics-Light industries require only a small amount of raw materials, area and

power.

-The value of the goods are low and they are easy to transport.

-The number of products is high.

-While light industry typically causes relatively little pollution, particularly

when compared to heavy industries, some light industry can cause

significant pollution or risk of contamination.

EXAMPLE: Electronics manufacturing, itself often a light industry, can

create potentially harmful levels of lead or chemical wastes in soil due to

improper handling of solder and waste products (such as cleaning and

degreasing agents used in manufacture).

HEAVY INDUSTRY

=Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as

compared to light industry. It can mean production of

products which are either heavy in weight or in the

processes leading to their production. In general, it is a

popular term used within the name of many Japanese

and Korean firms, meaning 'construction' for big projects.

Example projects include the construction of large buildings,

chemical plants, the H-IIA rocket and also includes the

production of construction equipment such as cranes and

bulldozers. Alternatively, heavy industry projects can be

generalized as more capital intensive or as requiring greater

or more advanced resources, facilities or management.

Many East Asian companies rely on heavy industry as part of their overall economy. Amongst Japanese and Korean firms with "heavy industry" in their names, many are also manufacturers of aerospace products and defense armaments, along with being defense contractors to their respective countries' governments such as Japan's Fuji Heavy Industries and Korea's Hyundai Rotem, a joint project of Hyundai Heavy Industries and Daewoo Heavy Industries.

Heavy industry is also sometimes a special designation in local zoning laws.

Different classifications of Industry1. Chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products.

Polymers and plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, terephthalate, polystyrene and polycarbonate comprise about 80% of the industry’s output worldwide.

2. Petroleum industry includes the global processes

of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often

by oil tankers and pipelines), and

marketing petroleum products. The largest volume

products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).

Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical

products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers,

pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into

three major

components: upstream,midstream and downstream.

Midstream operations are usually included in the

downstream category.

3. Automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design,

development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor

vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds. It is one

of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles

following delivery to the end-user, such as repair

shops and motor fuel filling stations.

The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self),

and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of self-powered vehicle.

4. Consumer electronics (abbreviated CE)

are electronic equipment intended for everyday use, most

often in entertainment, communications and office

productivity.

Main products include radio receivers, television sets, MP3

players, video recorders, DVD players, digital

cameras, camcorders, personal computers,video game

consoles, telephones and mobile phones. Increasingly these

products have become based on digital technologies, and

have largely merged with the computer industry in what is

increasingly referred to as

the consumerization of information technology such as those

invented by Apple Inc. and MIT Media Lab.

5. Meat packing industry handles

the slaughtering, processing, packaging, and distribution of

animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock.

The industry is primarily focused on producing meat for

human consumption, but it also yields a variety of by-

products including hides, feathers, dried blood, and, through

the process of rendering, fat such

as tallow and protein meals such as meat & bone meal.

In the U.S. and some other countries, the facility where the

meat packing is done is called a meat packing plant; in New Zealand, where most of the products are exported, it

is called a freezing works. An abattoir is a place where animals are slaughtered for food.

6. Hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources.

7. The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that

supply much of the food

energy consumed by the world

population. Only subsistence farmers,

those who survive on what they grow,

can be considered outside of the scope

of the modern food industry.

• The food industry includes:

• Regulation: local, regional, national and international rules and

regulations for food production and sale, including food

quality and food safety, and industry lobbying activities

• Education: academic, vocational, consultancy

• Research and development: food technology

• Financial services insurance, credit

• Manufacturing: agrichemicals, seed, farm machinery and supplies, agricultural construction, etc.

• Agriculture: raising of crops and livestock, seafood

• Food processing: preparation of fresh products for market,

manufacture of prepared food products

• Marketing: promotion of generic products (e.g. milk board), new

products, public opinion, through advertising, packaging, public relations, et

• Wholesale and distribution: warehousing, transportation, logistics

8. The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the FAO as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, and the harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. Directly or indirectly, the livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.

9. The software industry includes businesses

for development, maintenance and publicat

ion of software that are using different

business models, mainly either

"license/maintenance based" (on-premises)

or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS,

MaaS, AaaS, etc.). The industry also includes

software services, such

as training, documentation, and consulting.

10. Pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.

The industry is dominated by North American (United States and Canada), northern European (Finland, Sweden, and North-West Russia) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea). Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009.

11. Show business, sometimes shortened to show

biz or showbiz (since ca. 1945), is a vernacular term for all

aspects of entertainment, especially light entertainment. The

word applies to all aspects of the entertainment industry

from the business side (including managers, agents,

producers and distributors) to the creative element

(including artists, performers, writers, musicians and

technicians). The term was in common usage throughout

the 20th century but the first known use in print dates from

1850. At that time and for several decades it always

included an initial the. By the latter part of the century it had

acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of

variety, but the term is still in active use.

12. Semiconductor industry is the aggregate

collection of companies engaged in

the design and fabrication of semiconduct

or devices. It formed around 1960, once

the fabrication of semiconductors became

a viable business. It has since grown to be

the $249 billion dollar industry it is today.

13. According to international organizations

such as UNESCO and the General

Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade (GATT), cultural industries (sometimes

also known as "creative industries") combine

the creation, production,

and distribution of goods and services that

are cultural in nature and usually protected

by intellectual property rights.

14. The terms poverty industry or poverty business refer to a

wide range of money-making activities that attract a large

portion of their business from the poor. Businesses in the

poverty industry often include payday

loan centers, pawnshops, rent-to-own centers, casinos,

liquor stores, tobacco stores, and credit card companies.

Illegal ventures such as loan sharking or drug-dealing or

prostitution might also be included. The poverty industry

makes roughly US$33 billion a year in the United States. In

2010, elected American federal officials received more than

$1.5 million in campaign contributions from poverty industry

donors.