industrial systems - ge grid solutions...industrial systems i o n 7 b90 capacity • up to 24...

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

1

B90 Bus Differential Relay and Breaker Failure Protection

• Cost-efficient

• Good performance

• Modern communications capability

• Member of the Universal Relay (UR) family

• Easy integration with other URs

• Common configuration tool for all B90 IEDs

• Proven algorithms (B30) and hardware (UR)

• Expandable

• Two levels of scalability (modules and IEDs)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

2

NEW!

Busbar Protection Schemes

• High-impedance / linear couplers

– non-configurable busbars

– cheap relay, expensive primary equipment

• Blocking schemes for simple busbars

• Analog low / medium - impedance schemes

• Digital relays for small busbars

• Digital relays for large busbars

• Phase-segregated cost-efficient digital relays for large busbars

B90

B30

BUS

PVD

Any

SPD

GE offer Approach

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

3

Why Digital Bus Relay?

• Re-configurable busbars require dynamic assignment of currents to multiple zones

– expensive and dangerous when done externally on secondary currents (analog way)

– natural and safe when done “in software”

• Breaker Fail for re-configurable busbars is naturally integrated with the bus protection

• No need for special CTs (cost)

• Relaxed requirements for the CTs (cost)

• Advantages of digital technology

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

4

Design Challenges for Digital Busbar Relays

• Reliability

• Security:

– Immunity to CT saturation

– Immunity to wrong input information

• Large number of inputs and outputs required:

– AC inputs (tens or hundreds)

– Trip rated output contacts (tens or hundreds)

– Other output contacts (tens)

– Digital Inputs (hundreds)

• Large processing power required to handle al the data

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

5

Traditionally Two Distinctive Architectures are Offered

• Fits better new installations

• Perceived less reliable

• Slower

52

DAU

52

DAU

52

DAU

CU

copper

fiber

Distributed Bus Protection

52 52 52

CU

copper

Centralized Bus Protection

• Fits better retrofit installations

• Perceived more reliable

• Potentially faster

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

6

iA, v

A

New Architecture – Digital Phase-Segregated Busbar Scheme

• Foundation:

– Single-phase IEDs for primary

differential protection

– Separate IEDs for Breaker

Failure and extra I/Os

– Inter-IED communications for

sharing digital states

– Scalability and flexibility

Phase A

ProtectionTRIP

A

iB, v

B

Phase B

ProtectionTRIP

B

iC, v

C

Phase C

ProtectionTRIP

C

Breaker

Failure

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

7

B90 Capacity

• Up to 24 circuits in a single zone without voltage supervision

• Multi-IED architecture with each IED built on modular

hardware

• Up to 24 AC inputs per B90 IED freely selectable between currents and voltages (24+0, 23+1, 22+2, ..)

• Up to 96 digital inputs per B90 IED

• Up to 48 output contacts per B90 IED

• Flexible allocation of AC inputs, digital inputs and

output contacts between the B90 IEDs

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

8

B90 Features and Benefits

• Maximum number of circuits in one zone: 24

• Number of zones : 4

• Busbar configuration: No limits

• Sub-cycle tripping time

• Security (only 2msec of clean waveforms required for stability)

• Differential algorithm supervised by CT saturation detection anddirectional principle

• Dynamic bus replica, logic and signal processing

• No need for interposing CTs (ratio matching up to 32:1)

• CT trouble per each zone of protection

• Breaker failure per circuit

• End fault protection (EFP) per circuit

• Undervoltage supervision per each voltage input

• Overcurrent protection (IOC and TOC) per circuit

• Communication, metering and recording

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

9

B90 Applications

• Busbars:

– Single

– Breaker-and-a-half

– Double

– Triple

– With and without transfer bus

• Networks:

– Solidly grounded

– Lightly grounded (via resistor)

– Ungrounded

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

10

B90 Architecture Overview

• Phase-segregated multi-IED system built on Universal Relay (UR) platform

• Each IED can be configured to include up to six

modules:

– AC inputs (up to 3 x 24 single phase inputs)

– Contact outputs (up to 6 x 8)

– Digital Inputs (up to 6 X 16)

– Variety of combinations of digital inputs and output contacts

• Fast digital communications between the IEDs for

sharing digital states

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

11

B90 Architecture

B90

Phase A Protection

PS

UR #1

CPU

COMMS

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

phase A currents & voltages

fiber, ring configuration

phase A trip contacts

PS

CPU

UR #2 Phase B Protection

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

COMMS

phase B currents & voltages

phase B trip contacts

PS

CPU

UR #3 Phase C Protection

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

DSP

I/O

COMMS

phase C currents & voltages

phase C trip contacts

PS

CPU

UR #4 Bus Replica & Breaker FailI/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

COMMS

• No A/C data traffic

• No need for sampling synchronization, straightforward relay configuration - all A/C signals “local” to a chassis

• Data traffic reduced to I/Os

• Direct I/Os (similar to existing UR Remote I/Os) used for exchange of binary data

• Oscillography capabilities multiplied (available in each IED separately)

• Programmable logic (FlexLogic) capabilities multiplied

• SOE capabilities multiplied

• Extra URs in a loop for more I/Os

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

12

B90 Components: Protection IEDs

• Modular architecture (from 2 to 9 modules)

• All modules but CPU and PS optional

• Up to 24 AC inputs total (24 currents and no

voltages, through 12 currents and 12

voltages)

• Three I/O modules for trip contacts or extra

digital inputs

• Features oriented towards AC signal

processing (differential, IOC, TOC, UV, BF

current supervision)

Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

Comms

8 AC single-phase inputs



Other UR-based IEDs

B90 is built on UR hardware (4 years of field experience)B90 is built on UR hardware (4 years of field experience)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

13

B90 Components: Logic IEDs

• Modular architecture (from 2 to 9 modules)

• All modules but CPU and PS optional

• Up to 96 digital inputs or

• 48 output contacts or

• Virtually any mix of the above

• Features oriented towards logic functions (BF

logic and timers, isolator monitoring and

alarming)

Power S

upply

CPU

Other UR-based IEDs

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

Comms

B90 is built on UR hardware (4 years of field experience)B90 is built on UR hardware (4 years of field experience)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

14

B90 Scheme for Large Busbars

Dual (redundant) fiber with

3msec delivery time between

neighbouring IEDs. Up to 8

B90s/URs in the ring

Phase A AC signals and

trip contacts

Phase B AC signals and

trip contacts

Phase C AC signals and

trip contacts

Digital Inputs for isolator

monitoring and BF

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

15

Security of the B90 Communications

• Dual (redundant) ring – each message send simultaneously in both directions

• No switching equipment (direct TX-RX connection)

• Self-monitoring incorporated

• Information re-sent (repeated) automatically

• 32-bit CRC

• Default states of exchanged flags upon loss of

communications (allows developing secure applications)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

16

B90 Communications

• The communications feature (Direct I/Os) requires digital communications card (dual-port 820nmm LED)

• Up to 96 inputs / outputs could be sent / received

• Up to 8 UR IEDs could be interfaced

• When interfacing with other URs, 32 inputs / outputs

are available

• The Direct I/O feature is modeled on UCA GOOSE but is sent over dedicated fiber (not LAN) and is optimized

for speed

• User-friendly configuration mechanism is available

• Simple applications do not require communications

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

17

Typical B90 Applications for Large Busbars

7 to 24 feeders

Basic: 87 & BF

for less than 16

feeders

Extended: BF for more

than 16 feeders

Full version: 24 Feeders

with BF.

1 2 3 23 24

ZONE 1

1 2 3 21 22

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

23 24

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

18

Typical B90 Applications for Large Busbars

7 to 24 feeders

7 to 24 feeders

1

2

3

4

21

22

23

24

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

1 2 11

ZONE 1

12 13 22

23 24ZONE 2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

19

B90 and Small Single Busbars – 8-circuit busbar

Two levels of scalability allow flexible applicationsTwo levels of scalability allow flexible applications

Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

Spare

8 phase-A currents

8 phase-B

currents

8 phase-C

currents

Diff Zone 1

Diff Zone 2

Diff Zone 3

One B90 IED with 3 zones

could protect a single

8-circuit busbar!

One B90 IED with 3 zones


8-circuit busbar!

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

20


Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

Spare

8 phase-A currents

4 phase-A currents

8 phase-B

currents Two B90 IEDs with 2 zones


12-circuit busbar!

Two B90 IEDs with 2 zones


12-circuit busbar!4 phase-B

currents

Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

Spare

Spare

Spare

8 phase-C

currents

4 phase-C

currents


Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

21


Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

Spare

Spare

Spare

8 phase-A currents

8 phase-A currents

Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

Spare

Spare

Spare

8 phase-B

currents

8 phase-B

currents

Power S

upply

CPU

DSP 1

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

Spare

Spare

Spare

8 phase-C

currents

8 phase-C

currents

Three B90 single-zone IEDs


16..24-circuit busbar!

Three B90 single-zone IEDs


16..24-circuit busbar!


Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

22

Applicability to Ungrounded and Lightly Grounded Systems

• Three phase protection units for phase-to-phase faults and saturation detection

• Fourth unit with AC inputs for zero-sequence differential

protection (fed from split-core or regular CTs)

B90 can be applied to solidly and lightly grounded

as well as ungrounded systems

B90 can be applied to solidly and lightly grounded

as well as ungrounded systems

IA I

B IC

3I0

Phase A Phase B Phase C

Ground

Block on external faults

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

23

B90 Configuration Program

(1) B90 Protection system is

a “site” …

(2) That includes the

required IEDs

(3) Functions available for

dealing with all IEDs

simultaneously

• URPC program used for configuration

• Common setting file for all B90 IEDs

• All B90 can be accessed

simultaneously

• Off-line setting files can easily be

produced

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

24

B90 Algorithms

• Bus differential protection

• Dynamic bus replica

• Isolator monitoring and alarming

• End Fault Protection

• Breaker Failure

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

25

differential

restraining

CT Saturation Problem

External

fault: ideal

CTs

t0

– fault inception

t2

– fault conditions

t0

t2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

26

differential

restraining


External fault:

CT ratio

mismatch

t0

– fault inception

t2

– fault conditions

t0

t2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

27

differential

restraining


External

fault: CT

saturation

t0

– fault inception

t1

– CT saturation time

t2

– CT saturated

t0

t1

t2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

28

Differential Protection

• B90 algorithms aimed at:

– Improving the main differential function by providing better filtering, faster response, better restraining

technique, robust switch-off transient blocking, etc.

– Incorporating a saturation detection mechanism that would recognize CT saturation on external faults in

a fast and reliable manner

– Applying a second protection principle namely phase directional (phase comparison) for better

security

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

29

Bus Differential Function – Block Diagram

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

30

B90 Differential Function – Theory of Operation

• Definition of the Restraining Current

• Operating Characteristic

• CT Saturation Detector

• Default Tripping Logic

• Customizing the Tripping Logic

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

31

“maximum of”

“geometrical average”

“scaled sum of”

“sum of”nRiiiii ++++= ...

321

( )nRiiii

n

i ++++= ...1

321

( )nRiiiiMaxi ,...,,,

321=

nnRiiiii ⋅⋅⋅⋅= ...

321

Various Definitions of the Restraining Signal

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

32

Restraining Current

• The amount of restraint provided by various definitions

is different; sometimes significantly different particularly

for multi-circuit differential elements such as busbar

protection

• When selecting the slope (slopes) one must take into

account the applied definition of the restraining signal

• The B90 uses the “maximum of” definition of the

restraining current

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

33

“Sum of” vs. “Max of” definitions of restraint

• “Sum of” approach:

– more restraint on external faults; less sensitivity on internal faults

– “scaled sum of” may take into account the actual number of connected circuits increasing sensitivity

– characteristic breakpoints difficult to set

• “Max of” approach (B30, B90 and UR in general):

– less restraint on external faults

– more sensitivity on internal faults

– breakpoints easier to set

– better handles situations when one CT may saturate completely (99% slope settings possible)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

34

Differential Function – Characteristic

differential

restraining

LOW

SLOPE

OPERATE

BLOCK

IR

|ID|

HIGH

SLOPE

LOW BPNT

HIG

H BPNT

PICKUP

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

35

Differential Function – Adaptive Approach

differential

restraining

Region 1

(low differential

currents)

Region 2

(high differential

currents)

• low currents

• saturation possible due to dc offset

• saturation very difficult to detect

• more security required

• large currents

• quick saturation possible due to

large magnitude

• saturation easier to detect

• security required only if saturation

detected

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

36

Adaptive Logic

DIF1

DIR

SAT

DIF2

OR

AND

OR

TRIP

AND

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

37

Adaptive Approach

differential

restraining

Region 1

(low differential

currents)

Region 2

(high differential

currents)

Dynamic 2-out-of-2,

1-out-of-2 operating

mode

2-out-of-2

operating

mode

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

38

Directional Principle

DIF1

DIR

SAT

DIF2

OR

AND

OR

TRIP

AND

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

39


• Voltage signal is not required

• Internal faults:

– all fault (“large”) currents approximately in phase

• External faults:

– one current approximately out of phase

Secondary current of

the faulted circuit

(deep CT saturation)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

40


• Implementation:

– step 1: select fault “contributors”

• A “contributor”is a circuit carrying significant amount of current

• A circuit is a contributor if its current is above higher break point

• A circuit is a contributor if its current is above a certain portion of the restraining current

– step 2: check angle between each contributor and the sum of all the other currents

• Sum of all the other currents is the inverted contributor if thefault is external; on external faults one obtains an angle of 180 degrees

– step 3: compare the maximum angle to the threshold

• A threshold is a factory constant of 90 degrees

• An angle shift of more than 90 degrees due to CT saturation is physically impossible

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

41

External Fault

BLOCK

OPERATE

BLOCK

− pD

p

II

Ireal

− pD

p

II

Iimag

Ip

ID - I

p

External Fault Conditions

OPERATE

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

42

Internal Fault

BLOCK

BLOCK

− pD

p

II

Ireal

− pD

p

II

Iimag

Ip

ID - I

p

Internal Fault Conditions

OPERATE

OPERATE

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

43

Saturation Detector

DIF1

DIR

SAT

DIF2

OR

AND

OR

TRIP

AND

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

44

differential

restraining

Saturation Detector

t0

t1

t2

t0

fault inception

t1

CT starts to saturate

t2

external fault under

heavy CT saturation

conditions

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

45

Saturation Detector – The State Machine

NORMAL

SAT := 0

EXTERNAL

FAULT

SAT := 1

EXTERNAL

FAULT & CT

SATURATION

SAT := 1

The differential

characteristic

entered

The differential-

restraining trajectory

out of the differential

characteristic for

certain period of time

saturation

condition

The differential

current below the

first slope for

certain period of

time

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

46

Saturation Detector

• Operation:

– The SAT flag WILL NOT be set during internal faults whether or not any CTs saturate

– The SAT flag WILL be SET during external faults

whether or not any CTs saturate

– By design the SAT flag is NOT used to block the relay but to switch to 2-out-of-2 operating principle

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

47

Examples – External Fault

0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

~1 ms

The bus differential

protection element

picks up due to heavy

CT saturation

The CT saturation flag

is set safely before the

pickup flag

Despite heavy CTsaturation the

external fault currentis seen in theopposite direction

The

directional flag

is not set

The element

does not

maloperate

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

48

Examples – Internal Fault

The bus differential

protection element

picks upThe saturation

flag is not set - no

directional

decision required

The element

operates in

10ms

All the fault currents

are seen in one

direction

The

directional

flag is set

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

49

User-Modified Tripping Logic

• All the key logic flags (DIFferential, SATuration, DIRectional) are

available as FlexLogicTM operands with the following meanings:

• BUS BIASED PKP - differential characteristic entered

• BUS SAT - saturation (external fault) detected

• BUS DIR - directionality confirmed (internal

fault)

• FlexLogicTM can be used to override the default 87B logic

• Example: 2-out-of-2 operating principle with extra security applied

to the differential principle:

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

50

Dynamic Bus Replica

• Dynamic bus replica mechanism is provided by associating a status signal with each current of a given differential zone

• Each current can be inverted prior to configuring into a zone (tie-breaker with a single CT)

• The status signal is a FlexLogicTM operand (totally user programmable)

• The status signals are formed in FlexLogicTM – including any filtering or extra security checks – from the positions of switches and/or breakers as required

• Bus replica applications:

– Isolators

– Tie-Breakers

– Breakers

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

51

Dynamic Bus Replica - Isolators

• Reliable “Isolator Closed” signal is composed

• The Isolator Position signal:

– Decides whether the associated current is to be included into differential calculations

– Decides whether the associated breaker is to be tripped

• For maximum safety:

– Both normally open and normally closed contacts are used

– Isolator alarm is established under discrepancy conditions

– Isolator position to be sorted out under non-valid combinations of the auxiliary contacts (open-open, closed-closed)

– Switching operations in the substation shall be inhibited until the bus image is recognized with 100% accuracy

– Optionally the 87B may be inhibited from the isolator alarm

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

52

Dynamic Bus Replica - Isolators

Isolator Open

Auxiliary

Contact

Isolator Closed

Auxiliary

Contact

Isolator

Position

Alarm Block Switching

Off On CLOSED No No

Off Off LAST VALID After time delay

until

acknowledged

Until Isolator

Position is valid

On On CLOSED

On Off OPEN No No

ISOLATOR 1 OPEN

ISOLATOR 1 CLOSED

ISOLATOR 1 BLOCK

ISOLATOR 1 ALARM

ISOLATOR 1 RESET

ISOLATOR 1 POSITION

Isolator position valid

(isolator opened)

Isolator position valid

(isolator opened)

Isolator position invalid

alarm time

delay

blocking signal resets when

isolator position valid

alarm

acknowledged

alarm acknowledging

signal

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

53

Dynamic Bus Replica – Isolator Positions and Differential Protection

Phase A AC signals wired

here, bus replica configured

here

Phase B AC signals wired


here

Phase C AC signals wired


here

Up to 96 auxuliary switches

wired here; Isolator Monitoring

function configured here

Isolator Pos

ition

Isolator Position

Isolator Position

Isolat

or P

ositio

n

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

54

Dynamic Bus Replica – Tie-Breakers: Two-CT Configuration

• Overlapping zones – no blind spots

• Both zones trip the Tie-Breaker

• No special treatment of the TB required in terms of its status for Dynamic Bus Replica (treat as regular breaker – see next section)

TBZ1 Z2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

55

Dynamic Bus Replica – Tie-Breakers Tie-Breakers: Single-CT Configuration

• Both zones trip the Tie-Breaker

• Blind spot between the TB and the CT

• Fault between TB and CT is external to Z2

• Z1: no special treatment of the TB required (treat as regular CB)

• Z2: special treatment of the TB status required:

– The CT must be excluded from calculations after the TB is opened

– Z2 gets extended (opened entirely) onto the TB

TBZ1 Z2

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

56

Tie-Breakers: Single-CT Configuration

• Sequence of events:

– Z1 trips and the TB gets opened

– After a time delay the current from the CT shall be removed from Z2 calculations

– As a result Z2 gets extended up to the opened TB

– The Fault becomes internal for Z2

– Z2 trips finally clearing the fault

expand

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

57

Dynamic Bus Replica – Breakers: Bus-side CTs

• Blind spot exists between the CB and CT

• CB is going to be tripped by line protection

• After the CB gets opened, the current shall be removed from

differential calculations (expanding the differential zone up to the

opened CB)

• Relay configuration required: identical as for the Single-CT Tie-

Breaker

CT

CB

Blind spot for

bus protection

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

58

Dynamic Bus Replica –Breakers: Line-side CTs

• “Over-trip” spot between the CB and CT when the CB is opened

• When the CB gets opened, the current shall be removed from

differential calculations (contracting the differential zone up to the

opened CB)

• Relay configuration required: identical as for a Single-CT Tie-Breaker,

but….

CB

CT

“Over-trip” spot for

bus protection

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

59

Dynamic Bus Replica –Breakers: Line-side CTs

• but….

• A blind spot created by contracting the bus differential zone

• End Fault Protection required – B90 provides one EFP element per

current input

CB

CT

Blind spot for

bus protection

contra

ct

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

60

End Fault Protection

SETTING

EFP 1 FUNCTION:

Disabled = 0

Enabled = 1

SETTING

EFP 1 CT:

Current Magnitude, |I |

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

EFP 1 OP

SETTING

B90 FUNCTION:

Logic = 0

Protection = 1

AND

SETTING

EFP 1 BLOCK:

Off = 0

EFP 1 DPO

EFP PKP

SETTINGS

EFP 1 BRK DELAY:

tPKP

0

SETTING

| I | > PICKUP

RUN

EFP 1 PICKUP:

SETTING

EFP 1 MANUAL CLOSE:

Off = 0

SETTING

EFP 1 BREAKER OPEN:

Off = 0

AND

SETTING

EFP 1 PICKUP DELAY:

tPKP

0

(1) The EFP gets armed

after the breaker is open

(2) Excessive current ….

(3) Causes the EFP

to operate

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

61

Breaker Failure Protection

• BF Architecture:

– Current supervision residing on “protection” IEDs

– BFI signal can be generated internally (from protection IEDs)

or externally via communications or a digital input from any

IED

– BF logic and timers residing on the “logic” IED

– Trip contacts distributed freely between various IEDs

• BF Performance:

– Reset time of current sensors below 0.7 power system cycle

– Communications delays around 0.2 power system cycle

between any two neighboring IEDs

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

62

Breaker Failure Protection – Current Supervision


here, current status

monitored here



monitored here



monitored here

Up to 24 BF elements

configured here

Current Status

Current Status

Current Status

Curre

nt Sta

tus

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

63

Breaker Failure Protection – Initiate



monitored here



monitored here



monitored here

Up to 24 BF elements

configured here

BF Initiate

BF Initiate

BF Initiate

BF Initia

te

BFI

BFI

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

64

Breaker Failure Protection – Trip Action



monitored here



monitored here



monitored here

Trip command generated here

and send to trip appropraite

breakers

Trip Command

Trip Command

Trip Command

Trip C

omma

nd

Trip

Trip

TripTrip

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

65

Programmable Logic (FlexLogicTM)

• All B90 IEDs provide for programmable logic

• Distributed logic over fiber-optic communications (Direct I/Os)

• Functions available:

– Gates

– Edge detectors

– Latches and non-volatile latches

– Timers

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

66

Disturbance Recording

• All AC inputs automatically recorded

• Programmable sampling rate: 8, 16, 32, 64 s/c

• Programmable content (phasor magnitudes and angles,

differential, restraint currents, frequency, any digital flag)

• Programmable number of records vs. record length

• Flexible treatment of old records (overwrite, preserve)

• Programmable trigger

• Programmable pre-/post-trigger windows

• Individual (independent) oscillography configuration of each B90

IED

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

67

Sequence of Events Recording

• Up to 1040 events per each B90 IED

• Events stamped with 1microsecond resolution

• 0.5 msec scanning rate for digital inputs

• All B90 IEDs synchronized via IRIG-B or SNTP

• All events (except hardware-related alarms) user programmable

• Events can be enabled independently for:

– All protection elements

– All digital inputs and contact outputs

– Communications driven signals

• Individual (independent) SOE configuration of each B90 IED

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

68

Substation one-line and

wiring diagrams

F4-Z2-IN

VO 23

F3-Z2-IN

VO 22

F2-Z2-IN

VO 21

F4-Z1-IN

VO 7

SWITCHING ON Z1 & Z2, Z1 & Z3 OR Z2 & Z3 BUSBARS

B

F3-Z1-IN

VO 6

F2-Z1-IN

VO 5

F1-Z1-IN&

Z2-OUT

VO 4

ISO 1

TRIP

PERM

Z1/Z2

VO 63

600

ISO 3

LATCH

ISO 6

ISO 9

0

100

CLOSING ORDER

52b

F2-Z1-OUT

VO 53

F2-Z2-OUT

VO 54

B

A

A

ISO 3

A

ISO 1

ISO 2

ISO 4

ISO 7

ISO 2

ISO 5

ISO 8

F2-Z3-IN

VO 37

F3-Z3-IN

VO 38

F4-Z3-IN

VO 39

OPTION: ZONE 3 AS

TRANSFER BUS

LOGIC FOR COUPLER

ISO 2

ISO 3

ISO 1

ISO 3

ISO 2

ISO 6

ISO 5

ISO 9

ISO 8

ISO 6

ISO 4

ISO 9

ISO 7

ISO 5

ISO 4

ISO 8

ISO 7

Logic design FlexLogicTM Implementation

Engineering the B90

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

69

B90 Summary

• Cost-efficient

• Good performance

• Modern communications capability

• Member of the Universal Relay (UR) family

• Easy integration with other URs

• Common configuration tool for all B90 IEDs

• Proven algorithms (B30) and hardware (UR)

• Expandable

• Two levels of scalability (modules and IEDs)

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

70

Ordering the B90

• The B90 can be ordered as an engineered product

• The following order code applies to the engineered B90

Sequential number00

With End Fault ProtectionE

Without End Fault Protection0

With Breaker FailB

Without Breaker Fail0

Specify the number of lines + bus couplers (two digits)**

24-48V (DC only)L

125/250, AC/DCH

RS485 + redundant 10BaseF (MMS/UCA2, ModBus, TCP/IP, DNP)D

RS485 + 10BaseF (MMS/UCA2, ModBus TCP/IP, DNP)C

RS485 + RS485 (ModBus RTU, DNP)A

Frame supplyF

Cabinet supplyC

Special arrangementX

Double busbar with transferT

Double busbarD

Single busbarS

Base systemB90

**********B90

Industrial Systems

Inte

rnal

Vers

ion

71

How to Order

• International: +1 905 294 6222

• Europe: +34 94 485 88 00

• Email: [email protected]

• Web: http://www.GEindustrial.com/pm

industrial systems - ge grid solutions...industrial systems i o n 7 b90 capacity • up to 24...

Documents