industrial testing 3
TRANSCRIPT
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PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
AND ASSESSMENT
ASSOC. PROF.
DR. OTHMAN MD. JOHAN
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
By
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Psychological testing
Psychological testing means the use ofone or more standardized
measurement instruments, devices, or procedures including the use of
computerized psychological tests, to observe or record human
behavior,
Psychological testing requires the application of appropriate normative
data for interpretation or classification
It is used for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders and disabilities, the evaluation or assessment ofcognitive and intellectual abilities, personality and emotional states and
traits, and neuropsychological functioning.
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Psychological assessment
Psychological assessment is a complex, detailed,
in-depth process that involves the integration of
information from multiple sources, such as
psychological tests, and other information like
personal and medical history, description ofcurrent symptoms and problems by either self or
others, and collateral information (interviews with
other persons about the person being assessed).
Thus apsychological testis one of the sources of
data used within the process of assessment
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Measurement
Measurement refers to the process by which
the attributes or dimensions of some physical
object are determined.
Standard instruments are used to determine
the attributes and dimensions and these
instruments must be reliable and valid.
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Evaluation
Evaluation is a systematic process of gathering and
analyzing information about some aspect of a person
in order to make a decision.
This process involves testing, assessment, and
measurement.
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Types of Psychological Tests
Norm-referenced
IQ/achievement tests
Personality tests
Neuropsychological tests
Direct observation tests
Psychological evaluations using data mining
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Norm-referenced Test
Norm-referenced test / NRT is a type oftest,assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimateof the position of the tested individual in a predefinedpopulation, with respect to the trait being measured.
This type of test determines a student's placement ona normal distribution curve.
The term "normative assessment" refers to theprocess of comparing one test-taker to his or her
peers.
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Criterion-Referenced Test
A test in which an individual's score or performance
is compared with some previously established
criterion rather than with the performance of others.
A testing instrument in which the test-taker's
performance (i.e., score) is interpreted by comparing
it with a pre-specified standard or specific content
and/or skills.
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IQ/achievement tests
IQ (or cognitive) tests and achievement tests are the mostcommon norm-referenced tests.
For both tests, a series of tasks is presented to the person beingevaluated, and the person's responses are graded according to
carefully prescribed guidelines.
The results can be compiled and compared to the responses ofa norm group, usually comprised of people at the same age orgrade level as the person being evaluated.
GraduateRecord Examination (Achievement test) eight broadfields, mainly in the sciences, but also in mathematics andEnglish.
IQ tests (e.g., WAIS-III, WISC-IV, Cattell Culture Fair IIII.)
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Personality tests
A personality test aims to describe aspects of a
person's characterthat remain stable throughout that
person's lifetime, the individual's character pattern of
behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
Personality tests are often described as either
objective tests or projective tests
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Objective Personality Tests
(Rating scale)
Objective personality tests have a restricted
response format, such as allowing fortrue orfalse
answers or rating using an ordinal scale.
Examples: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III
(Millon, 1994), Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach
& Rescorla, 2001), and the Beck Depression Inventory
(Beck & Steer, 1996).
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Projective Personality Tests (Free
response measures)
Projective tests allow for a much freer type of
response.
An example :
Rorschach test, in which a person stateswhat each of ten ink blots might be.
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Neuropsychological tests
Consist of specifically designed tasks used to
measure a psychological function known to
be linked to a particularbrain structure or
pathway.
Typically used to assess impairment after aninjury or illness known to affect
neurocognitive functioning.
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Direct observation tests
Psychological assessment may also involve theobservation of people as they complete activities.
Usually conducted with families in a laboratory, homeor with children in a classroom.
The purpose may be clinical, such as to establish apre-intervention baseline of a child's hyperactive oraggressive behaviors or to observe the nature ofhuman interaction in order to understand a relationaldisorder.
Example: The Parent-Child Interaction Assessment-II(PCIA; Holigrocki, Kaminski & Frieswyk, 1999)
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Psychological evaluations
using data mining
Draw inferences from existing records, texts, and
datasets about the person.
Example: The Abika Test. - involves gathering data
on the individual from public records, behavior
history records, consumer activities, shopping
histories, memberships in various organizations,court records, etc.