industrialization and democratic reform project

8/3/2019 Industrialization and Democratic Reform Project

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1700-1900

Indu

stri al

R

ev

olution

Any one who believes that any great enterprise of an industrial character can be startedwithout labor must have little experience of life. --William Graham Sumner

Population Growth(in millions)

1750 1800 1850

Great Britain 7.4 10.5 20.8

France 21 27.3 35.8

Germany 18 23 34

Belgium 2.2 3.1 4.3

Russia 28 40 68.5

Europe 132 190 260

Last summer I visited three cotton factories...and we couldnot remain ten minutes in the factory without gasping forbreath. How it is possible for those who are doomed toremain there twelve or fifteen hours to endure it? If we takeinto account the heated temperature of the air, and thecontamination of the air, it is a matter of astonishment tomy mind, how the work people can bear the confinement forso great a length of time."--Dr. Ward

by Kathryn

Franck


2/13

Inventions from the

Industrial Revolution

Textiles Inventions:The Flying Shuttle

John Kay Turned wool into cloth

Spinning Jenny

James Hargreaves Turned wool into threadWater Frame

Richard Arkwright Used water power to run

spinning wheelsSpinning Mule

Samuel Crompton Made stronger thread

Sewing Machine

I.M Singer Increased speed of

sewing

Communication Inventions:Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell Improved

communicationTelegraph

Samuel F.B Morse Improved

communication

The SettingDuring the 1700, inEngland, the

Agricultural

Revolution was just

starting. The

Agricultural

Revolution set the

stage for theIndustrial Revolution

because of the

increase in food and

population. Other

reasons why the


began in England

were because of thenatural resources

they had, such as

rivers, iron, and coal.

Many different

inventions were also

created to improve

production. As

inventions

came bigger and

were no longer able

to be kept in a house

and so factories weremade. The increase in

population gave

factories cheap labor.

Some major

characters in the


were the factory

workers, the factory

owners, and the

inventors.


3/13

Problem:

Long hours:

Children had no time to be

children. Also, educational time

was replaced with work time.Many families hardly saw each

other because of the early starts

and late ends.

Bad Work Conditions:

Large machinery and unsanitary

factories made work dangerous.

No Job Security:

When workers got hurt, factory

owners replaced them and the

workers had to supportthemselves without an income.

The Problem

Some problemswith the Industrial

Revolution were the

increase of pollution

and the unfair

treatment of factory

workers. Also

artisans and other

skilled workers losttheir jobs because

factories could make

what they could only

cheaper. Factory

workers worked long

hours and in horrible

conditions. Factoryowners did not give

many breaks, even

for meals. The new

inventions and

machinery in

factories,

were dangerous

and many people

were injured.

Children worked in

factories for long

hours, in unsanitary

environments,

taking away their

opportunity of a

childhood or

education. Many

workers lost limbs

and were then

replaced byfactories without

proper

compensation.


4/13

The GoalThe goal of the

factories workers

was to gain more

rights. They wanted

to change the

current situation atthe factories.

The factory

owners wanted to

make money and

keep up the British

economy. They

wanted to raise theirstatus by getting

rich off of cheap

labour.

The inventors

goal was to improve

the technology

of the time and to

benefit the whole

economy. They also

made money off oftheir inventions.

The British

government wanted

to sustain the

economic boom that

had taken place.

They needed to

support the growing

population of

Britain.


5/13

MainEvents

of theIndustrialRevoluti

on

AgriculturalRevolution

Industrialization

Philosophy

Enclosure policy and

crop rotation increasedfarm efficiency,

increasing food supplies.

Large machines were kept

in factories, which beganto spring up all over

England.

Karl Marx and Friedrich

Engels came up with theidea of socialism and

communism

New inventions were

coming out, improving

farming.

The Increase in production

required more laborers,

leading to the employment

of women and children.

Adam Smith supported

capitalism in the

government and wrote The

Wealth of Nations.

The increase of food in

turn increased the

population.

Unions were formed to

enforce reforms and

change how work

conditions were.

Unions were first banned bythe English government

because the government did

not want any riots or violent

protests. However, because o

their popularity among

workers, the government

could no longer stop unions

from forming.

The EventsMost inventions weremade during the

Agricultural revolution,

right before the

Industrial Revolution.

The inventions made

the way for the

Industrial Revolution.During the Industrial

Revolution,

transportation

improved, such as the

finishing a railroad that

connected the main

citied of England.

Industrialization alsospread

to other European

countries and theUnited States.

People began to

think about the best

way to run a

government due to the

rapid changes.

Philosophers like Adam

Smith, Karl Marx andFriedrich Engels came

up with different

structures, socialism

and capitalism.

Unions were formed

to help the workers to

become more

represented in their


6/13

The EndingThe formation of Unions

brought about many needed

reforms. Working conditions

were reformed, making things

safer and with more reasonablehours. Along with work related

reforms, slavery was abolished

in England.

The economy in England and

all over the world had

prospered greatly. Population

increased everywhere as well. A

middle class was formed and

the

wealth in a nation became

more evenly distributed.

Life was changed by the

Industrial Revolution. Sanitatio

and housing were improved bythe end of the Revolution.

Overall the Industrial

Revolution increased wealth

around the world, however,

unindustrialized countries fell

far behind the industrialized

nations.

Reform Acts in

England

The Factory Act of 1833 Children had to be olderthan 9 to work in factories. 9-12 year

olds could work 8 hours. 13-17 year

olds could work 12 hours.

The Mine Acts of 1842 Women and children could notwork underground.

The Ten Hours Act of 1847 Women and children infactories could only work 10 hour days.


7/13

1815-1914

Dem o

crati

c

Refo

rm

The ballot is stronger than the bullet. --Abraham Lincoln

The best argument against democracy is a five minute conversation with the average

voter. -- Winston Churchill

A democracy, that is, a government of all the people, by all the people, for all the people;of course, a government after the principles of eternal justice, the unchanging law ofGod; for shortness sake, I will call it the idea of freedom.--Theodore Parker

Theodore

Parker

Winston

Churchill

Abraham Lincoln


8/13

Entertainment became a far

more personal thing in the

days of the democratic

reform. Mass culture, or

entertainment for the public,

increased. New inventions

helped with the spread of

leisure activities.

The SettingThe British Empire

had conquered

many different

countries and was

expanding rapidly.

The British peoplewanted suffrage for

all, women

especially fought for

suffrage. The

beginning of

democratic reform

was during the

Victorian Age, whenVictoria was the

queen of England. In

France, democracy

was also a rising

form of government.

Europe, as a

whole, was

becoming very Anti-

Semitic. As the

British Empire grew,

so did democracy.

Conquered areas,

like Canada, New

Zealand, Australiaand Ireland all

experienced a turn

towards a more

democratic

government.

Meanwhile, in the

United States, Civil

War erupted.

The Democratic

reform cleared the

way for more

inventions and

entertainment like

sports.


9/13

The ProblemThe British

Government did not

want to give rightsto everyone

because then the

influence would be

gone from the

educated and

wealthy. At the

time, people

believed that

women should not

be involved in

politics.

In Canada, there

were problems

between the French

and the Englishsettlers and who

had control over the

other.

In New Zealand

and Australia, there

were conflicts with

the native people ofthe countries and

the settlers.

During the Civil

War, the

southerners and the

northerners held

different views on

slavery.


10/13

problems among the

natives and other

European countries

that had colonized

there.

The GoalThe goal was to

gain suffrage and

equality for all.

Women were tired

of being mistreated

because of gender.

The goal of the

countries that broke

away from England

was to make a

democratic

government and

rule themselves.

Ireland wanted to ridthemselves of their

English oppressors.

They wanted home

rule. During the Civil

War, the

Northerners wanted

slavery to beabolished but the

Southerners thought

that they needed

slaves for their

economy.

When America

wanted to expand,

their goal was that

The Northern states did not

approve of slavery however the

Southerners were sure that it

was necessary for their

economy. When the Northern

states said that slavery needed

to be abolished, several

Southern state seceded and

formed the Confederate states.

The Northern states formed the

Union. After a shooting on a

Union fort, the American CivilWar started. The Emancipation

Proclamation helped abolish

slavery and reunite the states.


11/13

move west and

colonize. The goal

was to gain land and

wealth as well.

British Empire

Canada

Canada wanted to have home

rule, or the ability for a country

to govern themselves but be

apart of the Empire.

New Zealand and Australia

New Zealand and Australia

wanted home rule as well. The

Maori were the native people in

New Zealand and there were

land conflicts between the

Europeans and the Native

People in both New Zealand and

Australia.

IrelandThe Irish people resented the

British because of their long

history of the British ruling over

the Irish. The Irish demanded

freedom but World War I

prevented the British empire

from freeing them. Also the

British empire was concerned fo

the Protestants in Northern

Ireland because the rest of

Ireland was Catholic. Britain

freed Southern Ireland butNorthern Ireland is still part of

Britain.

The EventsSuffrage was

continued to be

fought for and

gained around the

world.

Different colonies

broke off from the

British Empire to

become dominions

or independent

countries.

The American

Civil War took place

over the issue ofslavery. The

Northern states won

and all the states

were reunited.

Americans

believed that they

needed to expandinto the west of

North America.

Through wars and

treaties, much of

the western land

was gained.

New states

continued to joinAmerica, increasing

its size and power.

As America grew

in strength, the

need for

entertainment grew

around the world.New inventions

Advances and New Ideology

of the 19th Century

Light Bulb: Thomas Edison

Phonograph: Thomas Edison

Airplane: The Wright Brothers

Motion Picture: Thomas Edison

Assembly Line: Henry FordRadioactivity: Marie Curie

Germ Theory of Disease: Louis Pasteur

Theory of Evolution: Charles Darwin

Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud


12/13

improved

entertainment such

as the phonograph

or the motion

picture camera.

Leisure activities

were no longer only

for the wealthy, butfor all the public.

The EndingWomen gained

suffrage and voting

requirements were

loosened, making itpossible for more

men to vote as well.

All the countries

that wanted home

rule gained it.

However, Ireland

ended up splitting

because of the

British governments

concern for the

Protestants, of

Northern Ireland,

since Ireland was

mainly Catholic.

At the end of theCivil War, slavery

was abolished and

America reunited.

America continued to

expand into the

western part of North

America. Technologyincreased as the

spread of people

increased.

The expansion of

America made it the

size that it is today

and made America a

leading power back


13/13

culture and the need

for entertainment

started at the end of

the Democratic

Reform Era.

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Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print.

"Factory Pollution." Spartacus Educational. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. .

Halsall, Paul. "Internet History Sourcebooks." FORDHAM.EDU. Aug. 1997. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. .

"Democracy Quotes - BrainyQuote." Famous Quotes at BrainyQuote. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. .

"Democracy Quotes."Notable Quotes. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. .

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fallingwater123

Rennett Stowe

Sids1

indy_slug

mrbill

ell brownPetrusia1

chispita_666

Jo Jakeman

League of Women Voters of California

Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the BPL

Smabs Sputzer

Seattle Municipal Archives

Reckless Shots

Candie_N

bsabarnowl

WordRiddenKeith Yahl

Tim Green aka atoach

GlenBledsoe

Paul Stevenson

Believe Creative

cliff1066

Boston Public Library
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