industry analysis report cloths industry

8/9/2019 industry analysis report Cloths Industry

1/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Alnv` Mgfuqvr}

Fecmgmvmng nc Alnv`mgo

Ajlman mq j cjbrma kjfe crnk ugblejaèf, jgf ncveg gnv cull} trnaeqqef, anvvng' Mv kj}

angvjmg ugqetjrjvef ùqi tjrvq, cnr epjktle' Vè cjbrma mq leqq anjrqe jgf v`mai v`jgajgsjqnrfegmk, buv nwmgo vn mvq ugcmgmqèf jgf ugf}ef jttejrjgae, mv mq qvmll ser}

aèjt'

Mgvrnfuavmng

Vè Alnv`mgo Mgfuqvr} Mgfmj mq jq jgamegv jq vè wnrlfq alnv`mgo mgfuqvr}' Mg cjav vè cmrqv

ignwg anvvng aulvmsjvmng qeekq vn be crnk Mgfmj cnllnwef b} UI' Mg Mgfmj, alnv`mgo

mgfuqvr} cmrqv nc jll feselntef mg Kukbjm w`ma` mq jlqn ignwg jq vè Kjgaèqver nc vè

Ejqv' Ljver ng vè vepvmle.alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} knsef ng vn nvèr jrejq mg Mgfmj qua` jq

Ouhjrjv, Vjkml Gjfu eva'

Vè Alnv`mgo Mgfuqvr} Mgfmj mq clnurmq`mgo wmv` jll vè knferg ezumtkegvq jgf

vea`gnlnomeq' Mv mq jll beajuqe nc vè fefmajvmng jgf `jrf wnri nc vè wnrierq, alnv`mgo

kjgucjavurerq jq well jq vè eptnrverq v`jv Alnv`mgo Mgfuqvr} Mgfmj `jq ojmgef j

reqteavjble jgf rekjrijble tnqmvmng mg vè mgvergjvmngjl kjriev' Vè wnrlf mq lnnimgo ut

vn vè Mgfmjg alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} vn felmser mvq onnfq uqmgo vea`gnlnomeq v`jv jre uqef jgf

feselntef elqewère mg vè wnrlf, be mv mg UQJ nr Hjtjg'Qug arjcv feqmogq jre j well ignwg gjke mg vè Alnv`mgo Mgfuqvr} Mgfmj v`jv mq ignwg cnr

mvq ljveqv vregfq, qv}le # cjq`mng' Mv mq nge nc vè alnv`mgo quttlmerq Mgfmj v`jv kjgucjavureq

jgf eptnrvq jll imgfq nc ojrkegvq lmie Kegq v+q`mrvq, igmvvef v+q`mrvq, lngo qleese v+q`mrvq,

q`nrv qleese v+q`mrvq, vntq jgf nv er Mgfmjg igmvvef ojrkegvq # hjaievq'

Mvq cnauq `jq jlwj}q beeg ng nccermgo jg jvvrjavmse rjgoe nc ojrkegvq wmv` vrjfmvmngjl

qtmrmv' Jq j anktjg} nc mgvergjvmngjl retuve, mv `jq kjfe mgrnjfq mg vè mgvergjvmngjl

kjriev' Vè quaaeqq jlqn nweq vn vè `mo` zujlmv} nc vè ojrkegvq v`jv mv nccerq'

Mgfmj `jq j rma` jgf sjrmef vepvmle èrmvjoe, wère eja` reomng nc Mgfmj `jq mvq nwg ugmzue

gjvmse anqvuke jgf vrjfmvmngjl jvvmre' _`mle vrjfmvmngjl alnvèq jre qvmll wnrg mg knqv nc

rurjl Mgfmj, urbjg Mgfmj mq a`jgomgo rjtmfl}, wmv` mgvergjvmngjl cjq`mng vregfq recleavef b}

vè }nugo jgf oljknrnuq, mg vè anqkntnlmvjg kevrnq nc Mgfmj' Cjq`mng mg Mgfmj mq j

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' :
http://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fiber/Cotton_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/FABRIC_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/canvas_definitions.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/canvas_definitions.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/denim_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/denim_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fiber/Cotton_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/FABRIC_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/canvas_definitions.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/denim_definition.htm


2/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

smbrjgv qaege, j gjqaegv mgfuqvr} jgf j anlnrcul jgf oljknrnuq wnrlf wère feqmogerq jgf

knfelq qvjrv gew vregfq eser} fj}'

Cjq`mng mg Mgfmj `jq beanke j ornwmgo mgfuqvr} wmv` mgvergjvmngjl esegvq qua` jq vè

Mgfmj Cjq`mng _eei jgf jggujl q`nwq b} cjq`mng feqmogerq mg vè kjhnr amvmeq nc Mgfmj'

Vè smavnrmeq nc j gukber nc Mgfmjg bejuv} zueegq mg Mgvergjvmngjl esegvq qua` jq vè

Kmqq _nrlf jgf Kmqq Ugmserqe angveqvq `jse jlqn kjfe Mgfmjg knfelq reanogmxef

wnrlfwmfe' Cjq`mng feqmogerq qua` jq Rmvu Iukjr, Rmvu Berm, Rn`mv

Bjl, Rmgj F`jij, Kuxjccjr Jlm, Qjv}j Tjul, Jbrj`jk jgf V`jinre, Vjrug Vj`mlmjgm, HH

Sjlj}j jgf Kjgmq` Kjl`nvrj jre qnke nc vè well ignwg cjq`mng feqmogerq mg Mgfmj'

Cjq`mng mg Mgfmj anserq j w`nle rjgoe nc alnv`mgo crnk nrgjve alnvèq feqmogef cnr

weffmgo aerekngmeq vn trv lmgeq, qtnrvq wejr jgf ajqujl wejr' Vrjfmvmngjl Mgfmjg

vea`gmzueq nc ekbrnmfer} qua` jq a`mi`jg, arewel jgf xjrfnqm, jgf vrjfmvmngjl wejseq jgfcjbrmaq `jse beeg uqef b} Mgfmjg feqmogerq vn arejve Mgfn+weqverg alnv`mgo mg j cuqmng nc

vè beqv nc Ejqv jgf _eqv'

Vè Tentle _`n Trnfuae jgf Qell Alnv`mgo

Kmllmngq nc tentle wnri vn trnsmfe vè kjvermjlq jgf qersmaeq v`jv requlv mg cmgmqèf

ojrkegvq' Eja` terqng mgsnlsef mg trnfuamgo nr qellmgo alnv`mgo jffq vn vè sjlue nc vè

alnv`mgo v`rnuo` `mq wnri'

Cjrkerq jgf rjgaèrq jre qnuraeq nc alnv`mgo kjvermjlq' Vè} rjmqe anvvng, wnnl, cljp,

jgf qmli jq well jq vè jgmkjlq w`nqe qimgq curgmq` lejvèr' Vè rubber vreeq

@mqvnr}

Mg :?44, Brmvjmg bjggef mktnrvjvmng nc anvvng alnv` (nrajlman- crnk Mgfmj, mg jg eccnrv vn

trnt ut Brmvmq` vepvmle mgfuqvr}' Mgfmjg vepvmleq were qutermnr' Vè bjg cjmlef, jgf wjq

Qvregovègef mg :?24' Mv jlknqv feqvrn}ef vè Mgfmjg vepvmle mgfuqvr}, jgf Mgfmj wjq

cnraef vn bu} Brmvmq` vepvmleq'

Crnk vè Qvnge Joe vn vè :0v` aegvur}, jll cjbrmajvmng nc alnv`mgo wjq fnge b} `jgf'Qtmggmgo jgf wejsmgo kja`mgeq v`jv anulf be nterjvef wmv` vè cnnv nr wmv` wjver tnwer

were feselntef mg vè ljvver termnf' Mg vè kmf+:044q qewmgo kja`mgeq were mgvrnfuaef'

Cnr feajfeq jcver vèmr mgsegvmng, `nweser, qewmgo kja`mgeq were uqef ngl} cnr qmktle

qejkmgo9 nvèr qewmgo geefef'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 2
http://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/TEXTILE_definition.htmhttp://www.apparelsearch.com/Definitions/Fabric/TEXTILE_definition.htm


3/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Ankbmgef eccnrv geefef vn cjae a`jllegoeq mg alnv` mgfuqvr}

Vè Mgfmjg Onsergkegv jgf fnkeqvma vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} wmll `jse vn ekbjri

ng j dankbmgef/ jgf j dan+nterjvmse/ eccnrv mc vè} jre vn ecceavmsel} reqtngf vn vè

a`jgomgo vrjfmgo egsmrngkegv mg v`mq qeavnr, jaanrfmgo vn Kr' Rma`jrf @uoèq, Anugq

ellnr, Vepvmleq Fmsmqmng, _nrlf Vrjfe Nrojgmxjvmng (_VN-'

dd_`mle vè Mgfmjg Onsergkegv `jq vn be q}ktjvèvma jgf trnsmfe cnugfjvmngq mg verkq

nc tnlmameq vn arejve vè beqv amraukqvjgaeq cnr eccmamegv trnfuavmng, mgfuqvr} `jq vn be

jooreqqmse mg jmkmgo jv beankmgo knre anktevmvmse//, è qjmf mg `mq jffreqq jv j qekmgjr

ng dJttjrel eptnrvq mg vè gew kmlleggmuk8 Mgfmj/q rejfmgeqq vn cjae _VN a`jllegoeq/

ère'

Vè qekmgjr wjq nrojgmxef b} vè Jttjrel Eptnrv Trnknvmng Anugaml jgf vè Gjvmngjl

Mgqvmvuve nc Cjq`mng Vea`gnlno}'

Kr' @uoèq tnmgvef nuv v`jv Mgfmj eghn}ef angqmferjble jfsjgvjoeq wèg anktjref vn

nvèr anugvrmeq mg vè vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} jq mv ajg ddleserjoe// ng vè treqegae nc

jfezujve rjw kjvermjlq'

Mgfmj wmll, `nweser, jlqn `jse vn eg`jgae mvq anktevmvmsegeqq mc qè were vn anugver

aervjmg fmqjfsjgvjoeq jrmqmgo ng jaanugv nc ddmgarejqmgo gukber nc reomngjl vrjfe

joreekegvq// w`ma` anulf be j kjriev jaaeqq angqvrjmgv cnr vè fnkeqvma vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo trnfuavq'

ddCnroev vè }ejr 2445 (b} wèg zunvjq jre epteavef vn be anktlevel} jbnlmqèf-' Vè

a`jllegoeq jre vère jq nc vnfj}' Qvjrv wnrimgo gnw, nvèrwmqe }nu wmll be ajuo`v ncc+

oujrf wèg vè a`jgoeq qweet vè qeavnr jcver vè anktleve reknsjl nc bmljverjl zun vjq

jgf verkmgjvmng nc vè vepvmleq joreekegv//, è qjmf'

@e qjmf v`jv jq zunvj bjrrmerq cjll jgf vjrmccq were refuaef, vrjfe mg v`mq qeavnr wnulf

aervjmgl} mgarejqe jgf vè jfsjgvjoeq wnulf on vn v`nqe w`n `jf tretjref ejrl} jgf

tretjref well' ddd_`mle vè qeavnr mq bnugf vn be jcceavef b} eangnkma fnwgvurgq j gf

qevbjaiq jlngo vè wj}, mg jg} brnjf nr lngo+verk angqmferjvmng nc vepvmleq jgf alnv mgo

vrjfe, j tnqmvmse tmavure ekeroeq//, è qjmf'

Ng vè javujl trnoreqq ja`mesef vùq cjr mg vè mktlekegvjvmng nc vè _VN joreekegv ng

vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo (JVA-, è qjmf v`jv ddmv mq alejr jq we tjqq vè kmf+tnmgv mg vè :4

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 1


4/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

}ejr vrjgqmvmngjl trnaeqq, v`jv vè mgveorjvmng nc trnfuavq mgvn _VN ruleq b } vè UQ, vè

Eurntejg Ankkugmv} (EA-, Ajgjfj jgf Gnrwj} `jq beoug wmv` vè lejqv qegqmvmse jrejq

jgf wmv` cew zunvjq bemgo reknsef'//

Bnv` vè mgveorjvmng nc trnfuavq jgf vè jttlmajvmng nc zunvj ornwv` rjveq, b} vè UQ, vè

EA, Ajgjfj jgf Gnrwj}, `jse kev vè bjqma rezumrekegvq mg vè JVA'

Mg vè cmrqv qvjoe (:==5+=?-, w`mle vè anrreav snlukeq nc trnfuavq were mgveorjvef, gn

zunvjq were elmkmgjvef b} vè cnur kekberq kjmgvjmgmgo reqvrmavmngq, wmv` nge epaetvmng

mg Ajgjfj' Mg vè qeangf qvjoe (:==0+244:-, j gukber nc trnfuavq ugfer zunvj w ere

mgveorjvef mg Ajgjfj w`mle vè cmrqv cew zunvjq were reknsef b} vè EA jgf vè UQ9

gnge nc vèqe jcceavef vè zunvjq vèqe anugvrmeq (Ajgjfj, EA jgf vè UQ- kjmgvjmg wmv`

Mgfmj'

_`mle Mgfmj (jlngo wmv` kjg} feselntmgo anugvrmeq- q`jreq vè angaerg v`jv vè revegvmngnc zunvjq vn vè egf nc vè trnaeqq (bjai lnjfmgo- anulf lejf vn qermnuq trnblekq

mgalufmgo tnqqmble fekjgfq cnr vèmr angvmguef jttlmajvmng jcver 2445, Kr' @uoèq tn

mgvef nuv v`jv vè anugvrmeq kjmgvjmgmgo zunvjq `jse reangcmrkef vèmr ankkmvkegv vn

ddcull mgveorjvmng//, b} Hjgujr} :, 2445'

ddVè JVA wmll `jse vn be verkmgjvef b} Hjgujr} :, 2445 jgf vè aurregv joreekegv fneq

gnv trnsmfe cnr epvegqmng nc jttlmajvmng nc zunvjq//, è qjmf'

Kr' @uoèq jlqn uroef vè Onsergkegv vn jfntv j ddwmqe// zunvj kjgjoekegv jttrnja`

b} vjimgo jfsjgvjoe nc vè clepmbmlmvmeq jsjmljble mg v`mq reojrf'

Ng vè sjrmnuq dmktlekegvjvmng/ angaergq rjmqef b} feselntmgo anugvrmeq, mgalufmgo

Mgfmj, jv sjrmnuq mgvergjvmngjl cnrukq, è jfkmvvef v`jv vè dq}qvek mq cjr crnk terceav/

jgf qjmf v`jv vère wjq jg dngonmgo qvruoole/ vn knse vnwjrfq j cjmr jgf nteg vrjfmgo

q}qvek'

Kjvermjlq

Ankkng alnv`mgo kjvermjlq mgalufe8 Alnv`, v}tmajll} kjfe nc anvvng, cljp, wnnl, èkt,

rjkme, nr qmli Fnwg cnr fnwg+cmllef tjrijq Cur Lejvèr G}lng Leqq+ankkng alnv`mgo

kjvermjlq mgalufe8 Bjri Tjter Rubber TSA Remgcnramgo kjvermjlq qua` jq wnnf, bnge,

tljqvma jgf kevjl kj} be uqef vn qvmcceg'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 6
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_materials/id/1284479http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_materials/id/1284479


5/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Alnv`mgo

Rjavmajl cugavmngq nc alnv`mgo mgalufe trnsmfmgo vè ùkjg bnf} trnveavmng jojmg

_ejvèr qvrngo quglmo`v, epvreke èjv nr anlf, jgf treamtmvjvmng jlqn trnveavmng

jojmgqv mgqeavq, gnpmnuq aèkmajlq, wejtngq, jgf angvjav wmv` jbrjqmse qubqvjgaeq' Mg

quk, alnv`mgo trnveavq jojmgqv jg}v`mgo v`jv kmo`v mghure vè gjief ùkjg bnf}' @ukjgq

`jse q`nwg epvreke mgsegvmsegeqq mg fesmqmgo alnv`mgo qnluvmngq vn trjavmajl trnblekq'

Qee8 jrknr, fmsmgo qumv, bee+ieeter/q anqvuke, knvnra}ale lejvèrq'

Mgsnlsmgo alnv`mgo

Beajuqe alnv`mgo jgf jfnrgkegv jre alnqel} reljvef vn mfejq nc ùkjg qepujlmv} jgf

qepujl fmqtlj}, ùkjgq kj} feselnt alnv`mgo cevmqèq' Vè} kj} be qvrngol} jrnuqef b}

vè qmo`v nc jgnvèr terqng wejrmgo alnv`mgo jgf jaaeqqnrmeq vè} angqmfer jrnuqmgo nr

qepujll} epamvmgo' Qnkevmkeq vè nbheav nc alnv`mgo beankeq vè nbheav nc jrnuqjl mvqelc'

Cevmqèq `jse beeg fnaukegvef mg eser} aulvure jgf `jse beeg reanrfef v`rnuo`nuv

`mqvnr}' Ankkng cevmqèq mgsnlsmgo alnv`mgo mgalufe'''

Kjmgvegjgae

Alnv`mgo, ngae kjgucjavuref, quccerq jqqjulv bnv` crnk wmv`mg jgf crnk wmv`nuv' Vè

ùkjg bnf} mgqmfe qèfq qimg aellq jgf bnf} nmlq, jgf epufeq qwejv, urmge, jgf ceaeq'

Crnk vè nuvqmfe, qug fjkjoe, fjkt, jbrjqmng, fmrv, jgf nvèr mgfmogmvmeq jcclmav vè

ojrkegv' Clejq jgf lmae vjie ut reqmfegae mg alnv`mgo qejkq' _ell+wnrg alnv`mgo, mc gnv

alejgef jgf recurbmqèf, wmll qkell, mva`, lnni qarucc}, jgf lnqe cugavmngjl'''

2:qv+aegvur} alnv`mgo qv}leq

_eqverg cjq`mng `jq vn j aervjmg epvegv beanke mgvergjvmngjl cjq`mng, jq _eqverg kefmj

jgf qv}leq tegevrjve jll tjrvq nc vè wnrlf' Ser} cew tjrvq nc vè wnrlf rekjmg wère

tentle fn gnv wejr mvekq nc aèjt, kjqq+trnfuaef _eqverg alnv`mgo' Eseg tentle mg tnnr

anugvrmeq ajg jccnrf uqef alnv`mgo crnk rmaèr _eqverg anugvrmeq' @nweser, tentle kj}

wejr ev`gma nr gjvmngjl freqq ng qteamjl naajqmngq nr mc ajrr}mgo nuv aervjmg rnleq nr

naautjvmngq' Cnr epjktle, knqv Hjtjgeqe wnkeg `jse jfntvef _eqverg+qv}le freqq cnr

fjml} wejr'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 5
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Functional_clothing/id/1284476http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Sexual_fetishes_involving_clothing/id/1284478http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_maintenance/id/1284480http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Early_21st-century_clothing_styles/id/1284481http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Functional_clothing/id/1284476http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Sexual_fetishes_involving_clothing/id/1284478http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_maintenance/id/1284480http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Early_21st-century_clothing_styles/id/1284481


6/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Cugavmngjl vea`gnlno}

Vè trjavmajl cugavmng nc alnv`mgo mq vn trnveav vè ùkjg bnf} crnk wejvèr qvrngo

quglmo`v, epvreke èjv nr anlf, jgf treamtmvjvmng jq well jq trnveav crnk mgqeavq,

gnpmnuq aèkmajlq, wejtngq, jgf angvjav wmv` jbrjqmse qubqvjgaeq' Mg quk, alnv`mgo

trnveavq jojmgqv jg}v`mgo v`jv kmo`v mghure vè gjief ùkjg bnf}' @ukjgq `jse q`nwg

epvreke mgsegvmsegeqq mg fesmqmgo alnv`mgo qnluvmngq vn trjavmajl trnblekq' Qee8 jrknr,

fmsmgo qumv, bee+ieeter/q anqvuke, knvnra}ale'

KMQQMNG

Kmqqmng Alnv`mgo retreqegvq vè fmcceregae mg }nur lmce, j gew brejv` mg }nur freqqmgo

`jbmvq jgf j gew tnmgv nc smew mg }nur lmce qv}le'

Mv sjlue ev`gma, aulvurjl jgf lmce qv}le fmserqmv}, wmv` jvvmvufe nc }nur qelc eptreqqmng'

Kmqqmng Alnv`mgo brjgf treqegvq j rjgoe nc trnfuavq, crnk zumgveqqegvmjl aljqqma, vn j

aljqqmer vregf mg vnfj} cjq`mng'

Nur gew anlleavmng wmll omse }nu j aljqqmer lnni buv j knre feqmrjble

qv}le wmv` j geser a`jgomgo zujlmv} jgf cjq`mng' Vrnuo` nuv vè feqmog v`jv we arejvmgo,

Kmqqmng kjie nc vnfj} gew vregf cjq`mng, we qetjrjveq Kjg crnk vè nrfmgjr} wejrmgo

qv}le' Recleavmgo jg jll fj} wejrjble vregf vrnuo` nuv vè }ejr, we onv nur egeromeq crnk

a`jgoe qv}lmq` v`jgiq vn nur trnfuavmng jqqnrvkegv'

Jq mgfmajve b} nur anlleavmng, we qev ut vè vregf vn ieet ut wmv`, mg eser} gew qejqng

wmv` nur q`mrv, vee q`mrv wjqèf fegmk jgf trmgv v`jv jttlmef vn eja` trnfuav' Kmqqmng

alnv`mgo mq feverkmgef nc kjimgo mvq gjke nge nc vè lejfmgo gjke nc vnfj} cjq`mng'

Smqmng

Mgfmjg vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} `jq ekbjrief ng j smqmng nc ajtvurmgo kjriev

wnrv` UQF ::4 bg b} C] 24:2 + vnvjl nc fnkeqvma `nuqe`nlf angquktvmng jgf

eptnrvq, crnk UQF 52 bg mg C] 2443

Vè fnkeqvma `nuqe`nlf kjriev tnvegvmjl mq eqvmkjvef vn be UQF 34 bg jgf CNB

sjlue nc eptnrvq jv UQF 54 bg b} C] 24:2

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 3
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_as_functional_technology/id/4997232http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Clothing_-_Clothing_as_functional_technology/id/4997232


7/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vè jbnse ornwv` wnulf vrjgqljve mgvn sjlue nc trnfuavmng nc vè mgfuqvr}

(mgalufmgo gng `nuqe`nlf angquktvmng- vn mgarejqe jv :3% t'j' crnk UQF 2? bg

mg C] 2445 vn jrnugf UQF ?3 bg mg C]24:2

Vè trmgamtjl frmserq nc ornwv` wnulf be+

5'?% t'j' ornwv` mg wnrlf vrjfe mg vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo crnk UQF 6?= bg mg A]

2445 vn jrnugf UQF ?44 bg mg A] 24:2 (UQF 3?? bg mg A] 24::- '

Mgfmj/q q`jre mg vè eptnrv kjriev vn mgarejqe crnk aurregv 6% vn jrnugf ?% b}

C] 24:2'

Q`jre nc alnv`mgo mg Mgfmj/q eptnrv bjqiev vn mgarejqe vn 34% b} C] 24:2 crnk

60% mg C] 2443'

Fnkeqvma `nuqe`nlf kjriev ornwv` vn be frmseg b} mgarejqe mg tegevrjvmng nc

nrojgmqef revjml, cjsnurjble feknorjt`maq jgf rmqmgo angquktvmng # mganke

leselq'

Fnkeqvma gng+alnv`mgo angquktvmng ornwv` wnulf be frmseg b} rmqmgo uqjoe nc

vea`gmajl vepvmleq, qturref b} mgfuqvrmjl ornwv`, jgf mgarejqef javmsmv} mg

angqvruavmng nc reqmfegvmjl jgf ankkeramjl trntervmeq vèreb} frmsmgo fekjgf cnr

curgmq`mgo mvekq'

Trnblekq jgf trnqteavq nc Mgfmjg alnv`mgo mgfuqvr}

Mgfmj alnv`mgo cmrkq jre gnv olnbjll} anktevmvmse mg trnfuavmsmv} vea`gn nc kja`mge ter

jttjrel cmrk jgf mgcrjqvruavure' @egae mv mq geaeqqjr} vn qee w`ma` jre jcceavmgo vè

ornwv` nc Mgfmj alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} jgf onsergkegv reknse vèqe nbqvjaleq' Vè

trnfuavmsmv} mq nge nc vè ie} feverkmgjgvq nc anktmvuvmsegeqq'Vè trnfuavmsmv} lesel nc

Mgfmj kjhnr crjokegv qeokegvq mq anktjref wmv` qnke nc vè Jqmjg anktevmvnr jq q`nw

vè fjvj mgfmajveq v`jv Mgfmj trnfuavmsmv} mq ser} lnw jq anktjref vn a`mgj jgf Vjmwjg'

V`mq lnw lesel nc trnfuavmsmv} anulf be fue vn tnnr vea`gnlno} qkjll tljgv qmxe jgf

mgjfezujve mgcrjqvruavure'

Mgfmajve v`jv a`mgj jgf Vjmwjg jgf @ng Ingo `jse j `moèr gukber ter jttjrel

mg anktjrmqng vn vè Mgfmjg cmrkq' Qmkmljrl} vè Mgfmjg cmrkq `jse vè leqq mgseqvkegv ter

kja`mge' Ter kja`mge mgseqvkegv mg Mgfmj mq vn be UQ&254 w`mle mv mq UQ& :544 mg a`mgj'

Mv quooeqvq v`jv Mgfmj uqmgo lnw vea`gnlno} wmv` tnnr mgcrjqvruavure' Mg jffmvmng vn v`mq

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' ?


8/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Mgfmj alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} reqersef cnr qkjll qajle qeavnr vmll 2444' vè Mgfmjg onsergkegv

reanogmxe kjhnr angqvrjmgv jcceavef vè ornwv` nc vè alnv` mgfuqvr} wjq reqvrmavmng

mgseqvkegvq b} ljroe fnkeqvma jgf cnremog anktjgmeq'

Vè onsergkegv fe+reqersef vè alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} crnk QQM Hjgujr} : 244: vn

eganurjoe vè eqvjblmq`kegv nc ljroe qajle ojrkegvq kjriev nterjvmngq' Vè gjvmngjl

vepvmle tnlma} 2444 vè mgmvmjvmseq mgalufmgo fe+reqersjvmngq vn omse mktevuq vn vè

mgfuqvr}' vn cjae vea`gnlnomajl jfsjgaekegv vea`gnlno} ut+orjfjvmng cugf qaèke qvjrvef

cnrk Jtrml : :=== jgf vè onsergkegv `jq epvegfef jojmg vè qaèke vè PMv` cmse }ejr

tljg' Mg jffmvmng vn lnw trnfuavmsmv} jgf vea`gnlno} mgjfezujve mgcrjqvruavure `jq

qeserel} jcceavef vè eptnrvq nc anktjg} nge nc vè wj} vè onsergkegv `jq vrmef vn

mktrnse vè mgcrjqvruavure mq jttjrel tjriq cnr bnnqvmgo alnv`mgo eptnrvq

Vepvmle qeavnr auvq bjai ng hnbq

_mv` rutee jttreamjvmng jfserqel} jcceavmgo jttjrel eptnrv, vè qeangf ljroeqv

ektln}kegv oegerjvnr, vè vepvmle qeavnr, w`ma` ektln}q 25 kmllmng wnrierq, `jq qvjrvef

auvvmgo bjai ng hnbq jgf lj}mgo ncc wnrierq vn angvjmg anqvq'

Vè vnvjl hnb lnqq cnr vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} cnr v`mq }ejr vnuaèf cmse lji` jgf jbnuv 15,444

hnbq `jse beeg lnqv mg Jtrml jlnge fue vn jg :0'25 ter aegv fealmge mg eptnrvq beajuqe nc

q`jrt jttreamjvmng mg rutee, qj}q T F Tjvnfmj, A`jmrkjg, Angceferjvmng nc Mgfmjg

Vepvmle Mgfuqvr}'Jaanrfmgo vn mgfuqvr} eqvmkjveq, vepvmleq eptnrvq `jse fealmgef b} 3'0 ter aegv furmgo vè

Jtrml+Kj} termnf nc 244?+40, w`mle anvvng }jrg `jq qeeg j geojvmse ornwv` nc ='= ter

aegv' Mgfmjq vepvmle eptnrvq jknugvef vn &:= bmllmng ljqv }ejr jgf vè vjroev cnr v`mq cmqajl

wjq qev jv &25 bmllmng'

_e `jse fekjgfef jg mgarejqe mg fuv} frjwbjai rjveq, refuavmng mg mgvereqv rjveq cnr tre

jgf tnqv q`mtkegv arefmv jq well jq epektvmng crnk qersmae vjp' Vè eptnrv vjroev nc &25

bmllmng qev cnr vè aurregv cmqajl mq uglmiel} vn be ja`mesef wmv` v`mq ornwv`, Tjvnfmj jffq'

Vepvmleq eptnrv rekjmgq qlnw mg Juouqv

Eptnrv Mktnrv, Vrjfe # Kjriev

Jcver q`nwmgo tnqmvmse ojmgq mg Hul}, vepvmle eptnrvq tuv ut jgnvèr tnnr tercnrkjgae mg

vè kngv` nc Juouqv wèg eptnrv nc vepvmle trnfuavq fealmgef b} 5'55 teraegv jq

anktjref vn vè qjke kngv` ljqv }ejr'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 0
http://www.muarateweh.net/2007/11/29/textile-sector-cuts-back-on-jobs/http://www.muarateweh.net/2007/09/21/textiles-export-remains-slow-in-august/http://www.muarateweh.net/category/export-import/http://www.muarateweh.net/category/trade-market/http://www.muarateweh.net/2007/11/29/textile-sector-cuts-back-on-jobs/http://www.muarateweh.net/2007/09/21/textiles-export-remains-slow-in-august/http://www.muarateweh.net/category/export-import/http://www.muarateweh.net/category/trade-market/


9/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vepvmle eptnrvq fmttef vn &=10'613 kmllmng mg Juouqv 244? jojmgqv &==4'3:2 kmllmng mg

anrreqtngfmgo kngv` nc ljqv }ejr wèrejq vè eptnrv tercnrkjgae nc vepvmle trnfuavq mq

fmqkjl wèg anktjref vn kngv` nc Hul} 244? jq mv cell b} jlknqv cmse teraegv'

Furmgo vè Hul}+Juouqv termnf nc aurregv cmgjgamjl }ejr, vepvmle eptnrvq reomqveref j

kjromgjl mgarejqe nc :':0 teraegv anktjref vn anrreqtngfmgo termnf nc ljqv }ejr' Vè

gnkmgjl mgarejqe mg eptnrvq furmgo vè kngv` wjq fue vn 0'6? teraegv mgarejqe mg vepvmle

eptnrvq furmgo vè kngv` nc Hul}'

Alnv` mgfuqvr} ornwv` `mo` eptnrv snluke

Vè wneq nc vè Mgfmjg vepvmle mgfuqvr} ajuqef b} cjqv ernfmgo anktevmvmsegeqq mg vè cjae

nc j rjtmfl} jttreamjvmgo rutee `jse rejaèf vè Trmke Kmgmqver w`n `jq retnrvefl}

jqquref jttrntrmjve kejqureq vn reserqe vè fealmge jgf egqure vè mgfuqvr} quqvjmgef

ornwv`'

Jttrmqmgo Fr Kjgkn`jg Qmgo` nc vè bjqma cejvure nc vè mgfuqvr} lnw mktnrv

mgvegqmv} jgf `mo` eptnrv snlukeq j feleojvmng èjfef b} Kr T'F' Tjvnfmj,

A`jmrkjg, Angceferjvmng nc Mgfmjg Vepvmle Mgfuqvr}, qnuo`v jfezujve cmqajl jgf nvèr

relmec vn qjse vè mgfuqvr} crnk vè v`rejv nc qmaigeqq'

Vè quooeqvmngq kjfe cnr q`nrv+verk relmec mgalufe recugf nc jll lnajl lesmeq (Qvjve jgf

kugmamtjl- jknugvmgo vn 3 ter aegv ng jll eptnrvq nc vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo trnfuavq9 tre+jgf tnqv+q`mtkegv arefmv vn be kjfe jsjmljble jv j cljv rjve nc 3 ter aegv9 wmv`frjwjl nc

qersmae vjp jttlmajble vn jll eptnrv reljvef javmsmvmeq9 jgf knrjvnrmuk nc nge }ejr ng vè

revurg nc trmgamtjl lnjg jknugv'

Mv mq well ignwg v`jv vè vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} mq ljbnur+mgvegqmse jgf ektln}q j

ljroe gukber nc qimllef jgf ugqimllef wnrierq'

Vè lmce a}ale nc alnv`mgoUqef, ugbejrjble alnv`mgo wjq ngae uqef cnrzumlvq, rjo, ruoq,bjgfjoeq, jgf kjg} nvèr

`nuqe`nlf uqeq' Mv anulf jlqn be rea}alef mgvn tjter' Gnw mv mq uqujll} v`rnwg jwj}' Uqef

buv qvmll wejrjble alnv`mgo ajg be qnlf jv angqmogkegv q`ntq, Freqq Joegameq, clej

kjrievq, nglmge juavmng, nr fngjvef vn a`jrmv}'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' =
http://www.muarateweh.net/2007/11/29/textile-industry-growth-high-export-volume/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consignment_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_auctionhttp://www.muarateweh.net/2007/11/29/textile-industry-growth-high-export-volume/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consignment_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_auction


10/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vère jre kjg} angaergq jbnuv vè lmce a}ale nc q}gvèvmaq w`ma` anke trmkjrml} crnk

tevrnaèkmajlq' Uglmie gjvurjl cmberq, vèmr qnurae mq gnv regewjble (mg leqq v`jg kmllmngq

nc }ejrq- jgf vè} jre gnv bmnfeorjfjble'

Mgfuqvr} A`jllegoeq

Vè Jttjrel Mgfuqvr} mq ornwmgo jv j ser} `mo` rjve buv qvmll vère jre qnke bjrrmerq,

w`ma` jre `mgfermgo vè ornwv` nc v`mq mgfuqvr}' Qnke nc vèk jre8

V`nuo` vè fekjgf cnr ojrkegvq mq mgarejqmgo fj} b} fj} buv vè trnfuavmng rjve

`jq qvmll gnv beeg jble vn kjva` wmv` vè eser rmqmgo fekjgf' Knre trnfuavmng

cjamlmvmeq jre geefef vn keev vè fekjgf'

Knqv nc vè rjw kjvermjl geefef cnr jttjrel kjgucjavurmgo mq jsjmljble mg vè

feselntmgo nr ugfer feselntef anugvrmeq jgf vèqe anugvrmeq fn gnv `jse egnuo`reqnuraeq jgf kjgtnwer vn eptlnre vèk' Vèqe anugvrmeq jlqn fn gnv `jse

cmgjgae vn qev ut cjavnrmeq cnr alnv`mgo jgf ojrkegv trnfuavmng'

Olnbjlmxjvmng `jq èltef vè vrjfe mg kjg} wj}q buv fue vn olnbjlmxjvmng vè

anktevmvmng `jq mgarejqef jgf qn mv mq gnv ser} ejq} cnr vè cmrkq vn ante ut wmv`

qn kua` anktevmvmng, jq vè} `jse vn keev vè fejflmgeq jgf jlqn kjmgvjmg

zujlmv}'

Vè mktnrverq nc feselntef eangnkmeq jre cjamgo ser} qvmcc anktevmvmng jq

anugvrmeq lmie A`mgj jre trnfuamgo onnf zujlmv} trnfuavq mg lnw trmaeq fue vn

jsjmljbmlmv} nc ser} aèjt ljbnrq'

Qnke vrjfe ljwq qvmll jre ser} kua` mg cjsnr nc feselntef anugvrmeq jgf vè} geef

vn be resmewef, vn cjamlmvjve mktnrvq crnk vè feselntmgo anugvrmeq'

Jq jttjrel mgfuqvr} mq cjq`mng frmseg, jgf cjq`mng ieetq a`jgomgo, vè cmrkq `jse

vn ante wmv` vè a`jgomgo jttjrel mgfuqvr} vregfq jgf qvmll anktleve nrferq mg

vmke' Vùq vè} uqujll} `jse vn wnri ugfer treqqure'

Cuvure Trnqteavq

Vè olnbjl jttjrel kjgucjavurmgo mgfuqvr} mq epteavef vn ornw knre v`jg eser mg

vmkeq vn anke' Jaanrfmgo vn jg eqvmkjve, vè olnbjl jttjrel mgfuqvr} wmll reja` j sjlue nc

UQ & :,?0:'? bmllmng b} vè egf nc 24:4' Vè jttjrel kjgucjavurerq jre gnw jfntvmgo

gew vea`gmzueq vn mgarejqe vèmr vrjfe' Gew buqmgeqq knfelq jgf anktevmvmse qvrjveomeq

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' :4


11/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

jre uqef vn eg`jgae trncmvq jgf ornwv`' Vè angquker mq knre jwjre jgf knre

fekjgfmgo wmv` vè feselntkegv nc kefmj lmie velesmqmng jgf Mgvergev' Vè} `jse knre

a`nmaeq mg zujlmv}, trmae jgf feqmog' V`mq mq vè rejqng w`} jttjrel a`jmgq jll nser vè

wnrlf jre cnauqmgo knre ng mktrnsmgo vè zujlmv} nc vè trnfuav jgf nccermgo mg sjrmef

rjgoe nc cjq`mng feqmogq' Jttjrel kjgucjavurerq jre feselntmgo kev`nfq vn ieet ut wmv`

vè tjae nc a`jgoe lmie nccermgo ng w`nleqjle trmaeq vn qursmse mg vè olnbjl anktevmvmng'

Vè egf nc zunvjq mg vè vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} begecmvq ljroe Jqmjg

trnfuaerq' ]ev nvèr anugvrmeq jlqn `jse j qvjie mg vè buqmgeqq' Vè qeavnr tlj}q j kjhnr

eangnkma rnle mg kjg} lejqv feselntef anugvrmeq, eqteamjll} mg Jcrmaj, jgf mg nvèr qkjll,

sulgerjble anugvrmeq' Vn jsnmf lnqmgo mktnrvjgv buqmgeqq, vèmr cmrkq geef vn eptlnmv fuv}+

cree jfsjgvjoeq vn vè cull, fmserqmc} trnfuavq jgf eptjgf vèmr quttl} a`jmgq'

_VN kekberq jbnlmqèf zunvjq ng vrjfe mg vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo ng : Hjgujr}2445' Jq j requlv, trmaeq jre cjllmgo jgf kjhnr _eqverg bu}erq jre gjrrnwmgo vèmr

qnuraeq' Ng j olnbjl qajle, ljroe Jqmjg anugvrmeq wmv` servmajll} mgveorjvef mgfuqvrmeq jre

beankmgo vè wnrlfq lejfmgo quttlmerq' A`mgj mg tjrvmauljr ajg trnfuae smrvujll} jg}

vepvmle nr alnv`mgo mvek jv jg} zujlmv} jgf anqv'

_mv mg quttlmer anugvrmeq, vère jre qmogq nc mgfuqvr} angqnlmfjvmng' Ljroer

anktjgmeq jre mgarejqmgo trnfuavmng ajtjamv}, ncveg ng vè jfsmae nc vèmr kjhnr

auqvnkerq' Qkjll jgf kefmuk+qmxef cmrkq (QKEq-, ng vè nvèr `jgf, cjae j q`nrvjoe nc

nrferq jgf qnke `jse jlrejf} alnqef fnwg'

Mv mq gnv alejr w`jv wmll `jtteg mg kjg} lejqv feselntef anugvrmeq (LFAq- jgf

qkjll, sulgerjble anugvrmeq, wmv vèmr lnw+sjlue trnfuavq, crjokegvef mgfuqvrmeq

requlvmgo crnk tjqv relmjgae ng zunvj trnveavmng jgf lmvvle reomngjl annterjvmng' Qmgae

vepvmleq jgf alnv`mgo jaanugv cnr j `mo` trntnrvmng nc kera`jgfmqe eptnrvq jgf hnbq cnr

epjktle, 02% nc kera`jgfmqe eptnrvq mg Ajkbnfmj jgf 01% mg @jmvm jgf Leqnv`n mv

kejgq a`jgomgo vèmr qvrjveomeq vn tresegv qermnuq eangnkma angqezuegaeq'

Alnv`mgo Mgfuqvr} Eangnkma Feselntkegv

:- Qjleq

Bjqef ng 2443 requlvq, vè qjleq mg aurregv trmaeq mg vè vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo

mgfuqvr} `jse ja`mesef jbnuv AXI 56'? bmllmng, nc w`ma` jttrnpmkjvel}

AXI 65 bmllmng mg vè vepvmle qeavnr jgf AXI ='? bmllmng mg vè alnv`mgo

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' ::


12/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

mgfuqvr}' V`mq anrreqtngfq vn vè fearejqe mg 1'? %' mg VAM qjleq mg

anktjrmqng wmv` 2445 requlvq' Mg v`mq fealmge vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} `jq gnv

tjrvmamtjvef, jq mv `jq eptermegaef qjleq mgarejqe mg 4'? %'

2- Ektln}kegv

Mg ljve 2443, vè ektln}kegv mg vè VAM `jq re j a ` e f qnke 34 v`nuqjgf hnbq lesel

(anktjgmeq wmv` j gukber nc qvjcc orejver v`jg 24 `jse beeg mgalufef ngl}-, w`ma`

retreqegvq j fearejqe mg knre v`jg ='6 % mg anktjrmqng wmv` ljve 2445 fjvj' Vè gukber

nc hnbq mg vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} `jq frnttef vn vè lmkmv nc 64 v`nuqjgf, w`ma` kejgq j cjll

mg ?'2 %, mc anktjref wmv` 2445' Mg vè alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} vè gukber nc hnbq `jq frnttef

vn vè lmkmv nc 24 v`nuqjgf ektln}eeq, jgf, mv anrreqtngfq vn j fearejqe mg leqq v`jg :1'3

%'

1- _joe Vregf

Jg jserjoe kngv`l} wjoe mg vè w`nle VAM `jq rejaèf jttrnpmkjvel} AXI :2,044

lesel, w`ma` retreqegvq jg mgarejqe mg 5'6 %, mc anktjref wmv` ljve 2445' Mg vè vepvmle

mgfuqvr} vè wjoe `jq rejaèf jttrnpmkjvel} AXI :1,?44, w`ma` mq b} qnke AXI 2,?44

knre v`jg mg vè alnv`mgo mgfuqvr}'

6- Ljbnur Trnfuavmsmv}

Vè trnfuavmsmv} kejquref b} vè qjleq snluke ter ektln}ee (mg angqvjgv trmaeq- `jqrejaèf qmogmcmajgvl} `moèr sjlueq mg vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} (jttrnpmkjvel} AXI :,244 ter

ektln}ee ter }ejr- v`jg mg vè alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} (jttrnpmkjvel} AXI 544 v`nuqjgf ter

ektln}ee ter }ejr-' Mg vè vepvmle qeavnr vè trnfuavmsmv} `jq rmqeg qnke :4': %, w`mle mg

vè alnv`mgo qeavnr mv `jq fearejqef mg ?'= %' Vè vnvjl cnremog vrjfe bjljgae nc vè VAM

qeavnr mg 2443 `jq ja`mesef j qurtluq jknugvmgo vn knre v`jg AXI :': bmllmng, w`ma` mq

:'5 % knre v`jg cnr vè qjke termnf nc 2445' Mg 2443, vepvmle jrvmale eptnrvq jaanrfmgo vn

QIT 2 retreqegvef jbnuv AXI 52 bmllmng, jgf, vepvmle jrvmale mktnrvq retreqegvef jbnuv

AXI 6= bmllmng' Mg 2443, alnv`mgo jrvmale eptnrvq jaanrfmgo vn QIT 2 retreqegvef jbnuv

AXI 26 bmllmng, jgf, alnv`mgo jrvmale mktnrvq retreqegvef jbnuv AXI 25'= bmllmng'

Nserjll Jqqeqqkegv



13/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Jq ter jbnse feqarmbef, vepvmle qeavnr qjleq mg 2443 `jse fnge bevver, mc anktjref wmv`

mgmvmjl eqvmkjveq' B} angvrjqv, alnv`mgo qeavnr qjleq `jse fnge wnrqe, mc anktjref wmv`

mgmvmjl eqvmkjveq' Alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} qjleq mgfep fearejqe (mg +24': %- `jq beeg omseg, mg

tjrvmauljr, b} j `mo` 2445 receregae lesel, wère mv `jq gnv beeg (ut vn gnw- tnqqmble vn

eptljmg b} jg}v`mgo vè jknugv nc qjleq mg vè :qv qekeqver nc 2445' Vn 2443 requlvq `jse

feamqmsel} kjvveref vè cnllnwmgo cjavnrq8

+ angcmrkjvmng nc qvjogjvmng nc mktnrvq crnk A`mgj, jq j requlv nc vè Joreekegv nc

Ugferqvjgfmgo jfntvef b} A`mgj jgf vè EU mg Huge 2445 (snluke nc mktnrvq vn vè EU

`jq revurgef vn 2446 lesel- + rekjrijble ornwv` nc mktnrvq crnk nvèr Jqmjg anugvrmeq, mg

tjrvmauljr, Mgfmj jgf Tjimqvjg, w`ma` `jq beeg, esmfegvl}, reljvef vn vè treaefmgo cjavnr

+ bnv` vèqe cjavnrq `jse q`nwg vèkqelseq knre frjkjvmajll} mg vè alnv`mgo qeavnr, jgf,

vn j leqqer epvegv mg vè vepvmle qeavnr'Jq j requlv, vè vepvmle qeavnr `jq revjmgef eptnrverq tnqmvmng (vrjfe qurtluq-, w`mle vè

alnv mgo qeavnr `jq reanrfef j vrjfe fecmamv+ Axea` anktjgmeq `jse ojvèref j reljvmsel}

quccmamegv gukber nc nrferq, buv vè trmae treqqure ajuqef b} A`mgj mg 2445 (jlv`nuo`

mktnrvq fmf gnv vjie tljae ljver ng- `jq fearejqef qmogmcmajgvl} vè eangnkma eccmamega} nc

vèqe nrferq+ mktnrvjgv qvregovègmgo nc vè Axea` arnwg jojmgqv EUR `jq lnweref, mg

jffmvmng, vè eangnkma eccmamega} nc vè qeavnr'

V`mq `jq beeg tjrvmjll} ncc qev b} vè qjke vregf mg vè epa`jgoe rjve nc vè Axea` arnwg

jojmgqv UQF + j qmogmcmajgv mktjav ng vè qeavnr eangnk} `jq jlqn `jf vè angvmgunuql}

ornwmgo anqv nc tnwer egero} jgf ojq (mg vè w`nle qeavnr mv `jq onv j wemo`v nc jbnuv :4

% nc vè vnvjl anqvq-'V`mq cjavnr mq oevvmgo vn be j trnpmkjve ajuqe nc trnfuavmng

lmkmvjvmng jgf qvnttjoe mg vè AR'

Mv mq geaeqqjr} vn rejlmxe v`jv vè ngl} tnqqmbmlmv}, `nw vè vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo qeavnrq

kmo`v ncc qev bnv` j cjqv ornwv` jgf angqmferjble anqv mvekq, mq vn refuae wjoeq (vèmr

vnvjl jknugv-, jq gn nvèr mvek nc vè ajlauljvmng cnrkulj omseq vè vepvmle jgf alnv`mgo

qeavnrq qua` j a`jgae + vè jbnse qteamcmef cjavnrq `jse cnraef, mg tjrvmauljr, vè vepvmle

qeavnr vn ajrr} nuv jffmvmngjl jgf mktnrvjgv angqnlmfjvmng nc trnfuavmsmv} kejquref b}

qjleq ter ektln}ee' Jg jqqnamjvef ecceav jaanktjg}mgo qua` j feselntkegv `jq beeg,

`nweser, jg mktnrvjgv refuavmng mg vè gukber nc hnbq' Ng vè angvrjr}, gnr j qmogmcmajgv



14/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

refuavmng mg vè gukber nc hnbq mg vè alnv`mgo qeavnr (+:1'3 %- `jq tresegvef crnk vè

fearejqe mg mvq trnfuavmsmv} (+?'= %-'

Alnv`mgo mgfuqvr} mg Mgfmj8

Vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} mg Mgfmj (mgalufmgo vè ojrkegv mgfuqvr}- mq smvjl vn vè eangnk} nc

vè anugvr}' Mv angvrmbuveq vn nser 3 ter aegv nc vè ornqq fnkeqvma trnfuav nc Mgfmj jgf

ejrgq :0 ter aegv nc vè vnvjl cnremog epa`jgoe ejrgmgoq nc vè anugvr}'

Vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} angqmqvq nc v`ree fmqvmgav qeavnrq, smx, qtmggmgo, wejsmgo jgf

trnaeqqmgo' Vè mgfuqvr} mq vè ljroeqv ektln}er gepv ngl} vn jormaulvure w`ma` mq vèkjmgqvj} nc vè eangnk}' Nser 54 ter aegv nc vè ektln}eeq jre wnkeg w`n èlt vn

quqvjmg vè cjkml} mganke' Vè ojrkegv mgfuqvr} jlnge ektln}q cnur kmllmng wnrierq jgf

èltq vn quttnrv ljbnur wnrimgo mg jgamlljr} kjgucjavurmgo buvvngq, xmtterq, qewmgo

v`rejf, ekbrnmfer} v`rejf, kevjl qvufq, tnl}bjqma, ajrvngq, ajrfbnjrf qèevq, eva'

Vè anugvr} cnllnwq ser} qvrmav ljbnr ljwq w`ma` onserg mgver jlmj qjcev}, lmo`vmgo,

wnrimgo angfmvmngq, joe jv egvr}, jgf reqvrmavmng ng qvnrjoe vn tresegv cmre `jxjrfq,

eknlukegvq, jgf welcjre qersmaeq, qutersmqef b} eser+smomljgv ljbnr nccmaerq nc vè qvjve

onsergkegvq'

Vè anugvr} `jq vè ljroeqv jarejoe ugfer anvvng mg vè wnrlf buv mq jlknqv vnvjll}

fetegfegv ng kngqnng, }melfmgo j tnnr 140 ioq.èavjre' Vè anugvr} `jq j well+

feselntef vepvmle mgfuqvr} nc anvvng jq well jq q}gvèvma cmberq.}jrg quttnrvef b} qmli,

wnnl jgf huve'

Vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} mq fmserqmcmef wmv` jg ugnrojgmxef qeavnr mgver+kmgolef, wmv` vè

nrojgmxef qeavnr'

Vè nrojgmxef kmll qeavnr nc vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} (epalufmgo ojrkegvq- w`ma` mq nser jaegvur} nlf mq aurregvl} j feamkjvef lnv wmv` vè buli nc vè trnfuavmng nc cjbrmaq `jsmgo

beeg vjieg nser b} vè tnwer lnnk qeavnr w`ma` tura`jqeq }jrg crnk qtmggerq' Eja` ugmv

nc vè nrojgmxef anvvng kmll qeavnr angqmqvq nc fetjrvkegvq rjgomgo crnk vè ntegmgo jgf

kmpmgo nc anvvng, ugvn qtmggmgo nc }jrg w`ma` mq qubqezuegvl} reelef mgvn ljroer tjaijoeq



15/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

tretjrjvnr} vn vè wejsmgo nc ore} cjbrma cnr curvèr trnaeqqmgo mg mvq trnaeqqmgo qeavmng

cnr cmgjl cmgmq`mgo' Vepvmle trnfuavmng nc cjbrmaq ng `jgf+nterjvef lnnkq kjieq j

qmogmcmajgv angvrmbuvmng vn cjbrma trnfuavmng' Vè mgfuqvr} trnfuaeq 62,444 kmllmng qzujre

keverq nc cjbrmaq, nc jll cmberq, ter jgguk'

_`mle vè qtmggmgo qeavnr mq ser} well+nrojgmxef trnfuamgo }jrg jq anjrqe jq 3q vn jq

qutercmge jq :34q, bnv` mg qmgoleq jgf kulvmtleq, vè wejsmgo qeavnr, eqteamjll} vè tnwer

lnnk qeavnr `jq angqmferjble leewj} vn kjie onnf wmv` ut orjfjvmng mg vea`gnlno}' Eseg

jq nc vnfj}, vè tnwer lnnk qeavnr mq ieegl} mgvereqvef mg qevvmgo ut juvnkjvma jmr+

hev.wjver+hev lnnkq w`ma` jre nc smgvjoe sjrmev} wmv` j bjljgae lmce+qtjg nc :4 vn :5 }ejrq'

Ng vè nvèr `jgf, vè nrojgmxef kmll qeavnr mq ieeg vn ieet mg vnua` wmv` vè ljveqv

vea`gnlno}' Mv mq aurregvl} tjqqmgo v`rnuo` j t`jqe nc re`jbmlmvjvmng tjrvl} crnk mvq nwg

reqnuraeq jgf tjrvl} wmv` vè èlt nc cmgjgaeq kjfe jsjmljble b} onsergkegv jgf v`rnuo`tublma mgseqvkegv'

Vè trnaeqqmgo qeavnr mq vè wejieqv lmgi mg vè a`jmg nc vè vepvmle mgfuqvr}' V`mq qeavnr

vnn `jq jg nrojgmxef jq well jq ugnrojgmxef qeavnr' _`mle vè ugnrojgmxef qeavnr

angaegvrjveq ngl} ng aervjmg trnaeqqeq, vè nrojgmxef qeavnr angaergq mvqelc wm` vè

trnaeqqmgo nc cjbrma crnk vè ore} qvjoe ugvn mvq cmgmqèf qvjve' Mv kj} be gnvef v`jv v`mq

nrojgmxef qeavnr mq mgfetegfegv nc vè qeavnr mgqvjllef b} vè nrojgmxef kmll mgfuqvr}'

V`mq qeavnr angaergq mvqelc ngl} wmv` trnaeqqmgo nc cjbrma (crnk qvjrv vn cmgmq`-'

Eptnrvq

Eptnrvq nc vepvmleq (mgalufmgo ojrkegvq- crnk Mgfmj jre wnrv` jrnugf UQ &:6 bmllmng nc

w`ma` vè q`jre nc ojrkegvq mq alnqe vn UQ&' 3'5 bmllmng' Vè anugvr} mq jmkmgo jv jg

epa`jgoe ejrgmgo nc &'54 bmllmng b} 24:4' Jv vè aurregv rjve, vè anugvr} bmfq cjmr vn

reja` vè vjroev' J breji+ut nc eptnrv ejrgmgoq cnr sjrmnuq jrkq nc vè vepvmle mgfuqvr} mq

omseg belnw8

Ter ajtmvj jsjmljbmlmv}

Cnr tentle nc j anugvr} nc vè qmxe nc Mgfmj, vè ter ajtmvj angquktvmng nc ojrkegvq,

eseg jcver jaanugvmgo cnr ev`gma ojrkegvq angquktvmng mq bjrel} 3 tmeaeq ter jgguk

wèrejq mg anugvrmeq lmie UQ (kua` qkjller mg tntuljvmng v`jg Mgfmj-, mv mq alnqe vn :44

tmeaeq ter }ejr'

Recnrkq jgf vè cuvure



16/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vè Mgfmjg vepvmle mgfuqvr} (mgalufmgo ojrkegvq- mq huqv ekeromgo crnk vè q`jfnwq nc j

febmlmvjvmgo zunvj q}qvek, j q}qvek w`ma` ngl} qiewef trnfuavmng cnr jq lngo jq veg

}ejrq wmv`nuv jg} rewjrf mg revurg'

Onsergkegv nc Mgfmj mq onmgo cull qvejk ng eangnkma recnrkq' Vn beomg wmv`,

onsergkegv `jq qvejfml} rjmqef vè aemlmgo cnr mgseqvkegv mg tljgv jgf kja`mger} nc j

ugmv crnk Rq : anre (m'e' UQ &4'21 kmllmng- vn Rq 6 arnre (m'e' UQ&' 4'=: kmllmng- cnr vè

ugmv vn be angqmferef jq j ugmv mg vè qkjll+qajle qeavnr' Mgqncjr jq ojrkegvq jre

angaergef vè onsergkegv, rejlmxmgo mvq tnvegvmjl, `jq reknsef bnv` vè wnseg jgf

igmvvef qeavnrq crnk vè lmkmvq cmpef cnr vè qkjll+qajle qeavnr' V`mq `jq requlvef mg

mgseqvkegvq clnwmgo mgvn v`mq qeavnr' Eptjgqmngq nc ugmvq b} jffmgo vn ajtjamv} nr b}

keroerq jre mg cull qwmgo'

Jkjlojkjvmngq jre vè nrfer nc vè fj} mg vè wnseg ojrkegv qeavnr' Bjaiwjrf jgfcnrwjrf mgveorjvmngq mg vè qtmggmgo jgf igmvvef ojrkegv qeavnrq jre mg esmfegae, bnv`

wmv` vè nbheav nc egqurmgo j qvejf} quttl} nc mgtuvq jq well jq vn jff sjlue'

Cnremog Fmreav Mgseqvkegv (CFM- `jq beeg terkmvvef mg vè ojrkegv qeavnr mg vè q`jte

nc hnmgv segvureq' CFM mg revjml mq jlknqv ng vè ajrfq buv, cnr vè treqegv, vè crjga`mqe

rnuve mq cjsnref'

Eangnkma recnrkq `jse mgarejqef vè qtegfmgo tnwer nc vè kmffle+mganke ornut

w`ma` mq ornwmgo bmooer b} vè fj}' Angqezuegvl}, tura`jqmgo tnwer mq ng j `mo` wmv`

kjllq, fetjrvkegv qvnreq, fmqanugv qvnreq, jll qtrmgomgo ut mg sjrmnuq tjrvq nc vè

anugvr}'

Vè angquker vnfj} fekjgfq sjlue cnr knge}' Zujlmv} mq nc trmke mktnrvjgae jgf vè

angquker mq tretjref vn tj} j trmae cnr mv'

Onsergkegv `jq beeg fmseqvmgo nc mvq reqnuraeq qugi mgvn sjrmnuq qvjve+nwgef

anktjgmeq jgf uvmlmxmgo vè relejqef reqnuraeq vn mktrnse mgcrjqvruavure, recnrk rurjl

eangnk}, ugfervjie eleavrmcmajvmng nc smlljoeq, trnsmfe alejg frmgimgo wjver vn rurjl

cnli jgf oegerjll} utlmcv vè rurjl eangnk} jgf rurjl jormaulvure' Angqmfermgo vè cjav

v`jv jlknqv 34 ter aegv nc Mgfmjq tntuljvmng lmseq mg vè smlljoeq, v`mq gew+cnugf v`ruqv

wmll oegerjve j fekjgf cnr onnfq ng j qajle w`ma` ajggnv be cjv`nkef' Mgfuqvr} `jq vn

knse mg q}g vn keev v`mq ornwmgo fekjgf'



17/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Jqqevq

Alnv`

Rq' Arnre (Gng+Jggujlmqef- Kjr+41 Kjr+46 Kjr+45 Kjr+43 Kjr+4? Kjr+4

Ornqq cmpef jqqevq :::4='66 ::120'43 ::=31'=1 :6152'5= :04:='6: 2::12'5

Ljgf # bumlfmgo 2:5='46 243?'36 2263'15 2?14'40 16?4'15 6:45'=

Tljgv # kja`mger} 0236'63 0561'1= 0=12'5= =04?'36 :::1?'?2 :1404'0

Vrjgqtnrv # ankk' ezumtkegv.mgcrjqvruavure 31'52 ?4'== 0:'4: =5'25 ==':? :45'?

Curgmvure,jkegmvmeq # nv`er cmpef jqqevq :52'3: :5?'0 :36'=3 :02'6= 214'40 20='1

Ajtmvjl wnri+mg+trnoreqq 662'20 632'?0 5=2'5? :6=4'65 2540'4= 2041'2

Mgvjgomble jqqevq ='60 ='15 :1'=0 14'26 135'62 665'2

Gev tre+nterjvmse eptegqeq tegfmgo jllnajvmng 1':: ::'30 ::':1 :5'52 20:':0 12:

Gev lejqe reqerse jfhuqvkegv +4'43 4 4 4 4

Leqq8 Aukuljvmse fetreamjvmng 611='5? 6??3'2? 6=?2'2= 5202'?3 51:?':1 511:'2

Leqq8 Jrrejrq nc fetreamjvmng :6'?1 :?'5 :6':= 5'62 5'?2 3'2

Gev cmpef jqqevq 3?55'40 3516'2= 3=??'65 =436'6: :23=3'53 :5?=5'4

Mgseqvkegvq :1?6'31 1=?='1 10=6'6: 64=0 6:0?'4: :5?1'5

Ezumv} q`jreq :4:0'1: :4?=':3 :40='43 :206'25 :435'36 ??3'5

Treceregae q`jreq ='50 ='11 :1'5= :6'?1 6='?0 =3'1

Kuvujl cugfq 265'0? 146':1 :=0'6= 0='15 251'22 04

Febv mgqvrukegvq 56'?: ?0'3 ?5'6: :?6'06 :21'22 :20':

Jttrnsef qeaurmveq (qlr.qvjvuvnr} rez'- 4 4 4 4 4

Jqqmqvef anktjgmeq 4 4 4 4 4

Nv`erq 31'00 25?5'3 2505'=6 2313'5= 204='62 313'3

Leqq8 Trnsmqmng cnr fmkugmvmng mg sjlue nc mgseqvkegvq :?'?2 3?'52 30'40 :4:'?3 ::6'2? :65'4

Ornut anktjgmeq :413'3? :::?'=6 ::2='51 :166'?3 ::60'62 035'6

Gng+ornut anktjgmeq 2=:'?: 151'22 263'=3 2:0'15 161'10 2:3'6

Kjriev sjlue nc zunvef mgseqvkegvq 60'0 55'== :11'23 :==':1 :01'25 :26'3

Fecerref vjp jqqevq :1='65 150'11 5='42 ?5'55 05'?? :=?'6

Aurregv jqqevq =651'5= 0011'56 ::416'2 :6?44'30 :5012'25 :1144':

Ajq` # bjgi bjljgae 6=?'26 5=4'1 :41?'2 2==:'43 11?2'02 2260'1

Mgsegvnrmeq 2506'1? 250:':0 1436'4? 1131'6= 1013'3 61:3

Reaemsjbleq 3230'4: 5550'55 3013'=1 0:00'? 0621'52 3663'6

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' :?


18/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Eptegqeq tjmf mg jfsjgae :41'=? :41'5: =3 :5?'61 :=='1: 200'?

Lnjgq # jfsjgaeq 4 4 4 4 4

Fecerref resegue eptegfmvure :5='6? ::3'?1 0='6: 56'?0 ::6'66 60'4

Vnvjl jqqevq 26:5?'=0 26553'1? 2?130'? 1:36='02 136=?'02 1:50='6

Gn nc anktjgmeq :14 :63 :63 :16 ::1 =

Lmjbmlmvmeq

Alnv`

Rq' Arnre (Gng+Jggujlmqef- Kjr+41 Kjr+46 Kjr+45 Kjr+43 Kjr+4? Kj

Gev _nrv` +1061'35 603':: 651'?1 :05?'30 ?016'0: 30?

Juv`nrmqef ajtmvjl 1303'3: 6450'4? 6:62'4= 6253':2 6:43'16 1?3

Mqquef ezumv} ajtmvjl 2364'46 2=2='0: 2==1'2: 14=0'4= 20=5'2? 262

Tjmf ut ezumv} ajtmvjl (gev nc cnrcemvef ajtmvjl- 2324'06 2=4='6? 2=?0':: 1401'3 203=':2 26:

Tjmf ut treceregae ajtmvjl (gev nc cnrcemvef ajtmvjl- 264'?= 1:?'=0 560':= 50='?2 340'3 50

Ajtmvjl angvmbuvmng, quqtegqe jgf jttlmajvmng knge} ::2'?3 642=':2 1=?5'?2 64?3'=5 12=:'36 2:

Reqerseq # qurtluq +3024'45 +3??2'03 +?454'? +50=6'4= :431'=5 13

Cree Reqerseq 12=2'53 1511':? 62:4'5? 5423'1= 5015'02 33

Qeaurmv} trekmuk reqerseq (Gev nc fefuavmngq- :??4'26 :?35'3? 2:::'=: 2600'0: 2004': 12

Nvèr cree reqerseq :522'12 :?3?'5 24=0'33 251?'50 2=55'?2 11

Qteamcma reqerseq 103'45 161'1= 166'20 1=='61 1=2'33 66

Resjlujvmng reqerseq 2?3'=1 :03'55 :?5'6: 2:3'=: :22'?1 :6

Leqq Jaaukuljvef lnqqeq :4??5'5= :4015'=? ::?04'=3 ::513'02 520?'23 150

Vnvjl bnrrnwmgoq :0123'?3 :36?4'56 :0534'65 24?44'1= 24=21'== :=?6

Bjgi bnrrnwmgoq 6=65'46 5226'=0 3421':5 ?550'55 :4151'23 :153

Q`nrv verk bjgi bnrrnwmgoq 1420'61 14??'6: 12:='56 1252'30 640:'13 65=

Lngo verk bjgi bnrrnwmgoq :=:3'3: 2:6?'5? 2041'3: 6145'0? 32?:'= 0=?

Cmgjgamjl mgqvmvuvmngjl bnrrnwmgoq 2441'56 :006'0: ::0:'26 :4=='5= ::10'51 :22

Aegvrjl # qvjve onsv' (uqujll} qjleq vjp fecerrjlq- 5:=0'00 12?5'2: 16:3'5: 1?4='25 135:'21 2

Febegvureq . bngfq 564'?2 564'0? 602'32 553':? 635'35 :4?

Angservmble 15'00 62'52 20'42 25':0 63':0 2

Gng+angservmble 542':1 6=5'41 65:'20 52='=1 64:'10 01

Cmpef fetnqmvq ?3'0= 01 33'?: 55'=0 11'4: 2

Cnremog bnrrnwmgoq 32'4: ?2'1= 54?':? 333'6= :466':: :3

Bnrrnwmgoq crnk anrtnrjve bnfmeq 13=?'?? 1141'55 1306'30 1?6='1= 32:'62 64

Ornut . jqqnamjve anq' 155='50 1:43'?1 15:1'5: 155:'= 663 :0

Bnrrnwmgoq crnk trnknverq . fmreavnrq :6='3= :23'=: 35'31 01'=1 55'50 3

Fecerref arefmv ?'=5 0'25 :4':= 0'=6 51'6?

Nvèr bnrrnwmgoq :5?='=? :005'1? 14=1'53 1:?0':: 16:?'02 :6:

Qeauref bnrrnwmgoq ?252'26 ?:?4'40 011:'3: :4415'=1 :26?5'42 :312

Ugqeauref bnrrnwmgoq ::4?6'52 =144'63 :4220'06 :4336'63 0660'=? 16:

Aurregv tnrvmng nc lngo verk febv 3:?'36 =:0'0 ::11'0: :6::'65 065'2? ?3

Aurregv lmjbmlmvmeq # trnsmqmngq =621'0= ?4?3'=? 04?5'13 0?25'16 ?2==':0 61

Qugfr} arefmvnrq 2263'=? 2432'?2 :06?'21 :03='?? 243='?0 2:0Jaaetvjgaeq :55'0? 35'0? 63'3= :25'5 :11'00 2:

Fetnqmvq # jfsjgaeq crnk auqvnkerq jgf ektln}eeq =0'10 :53'15 :=='3: 211'6? 2:6'?0 :3

Mgvereqv jaaruef 343?'50 1=??'13 5:?1'=? 53:3'51 6::6'61 =2

Q`jre jttlmajvmng knge} :'51 4'15 ?'=1 4'2 4'50

Nvèr aurregv lmjbmlmvmeq 1?4'5: 15='16 113'40 1?4'50 13:'?2 20

Trnsmqmngq 601'45 656'=0 631'05 54='2= 646'4: 55

Fecerref vjp lmjbmlmv} 254'=0 522'?5 2?=':3 133'6: 61='06 31

Vnvjl lmjbmlmvmeq 26:5?'=0 26553'1? 2?130'? 1:36='02 136=?'02 1:50



19/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Gev _nrv` (gev nc resjl # FRE- +6204'45 :02'01 :00'=: :505'== ?5=?'36 330

Angvmgoegv lmjbmlmvmeq :306'1? 21:1':= 20=3'4= 235?'56 1145'1 1::

Gn nc anktjgmeq :14 :63 :63 :16 ::1

Trncmvq

Alnv`

Rq' Arnre (Gng+Jggujlmqef- Kjr+41 Kjr+46 Kjr+45 Kjr+43 Kjr+4? K

TBV +:625':: 263'= +354'01 204'43 066'16 :

Trnsmqmng cnr fmreav vjp ?3'13 ::2':6 ?2'1 222'13 216'2?

Anrtnrjve vjp 26'41 1='30 54'63 ::='0= :12'5 2

Fecerref vjp 53'= ??'?2 51'65 ::5'66 :23'50 2

Leqq8 Fecerref vjp jqqevq . arefmv 6'33 5'12 1:'=0 24'55 16'25

Nvèr fmreav vjpeq 4'4= 4'43 4'1? ?'50 ='66

Crmgoe begecmvq vjp 4 4 4'22 ?'6? =':=

TJV +:54:'6? :16'?3 +?21':1 5?'? 3:4'4? 0

TJV (jq retnrvef b} vè an'- +:16='1= 24'12 +0=6'35 2='55 5=3'== 0

Trmnr termnf jgf epvrj+nrfmgjr} mganke 2?='60 644='0: 3=0'1= ?3='56 614'41 6

Trmnr termnf jgf epvrj+nrfmgjr} eptegqeq 35'03 24:0'=2 :26'?3 ::6'=2 55'05

Gev trmnr termnf jgf epvrj+nrfmgjr} mvekq +2:1'32 +:==4'0= +5?1'31 +356'32 +1?6':0 +1

TBTFVJ gev nc T#E +0?3'26 +?=:'6= +630':3 625'61 :166'6? :0

TBTV gev nc T#E +:5=0'06 +:525':3 +::6:'1= +160'16 605'? 0

TBV gev nc T#E +:310'?1 +:?61'== +:226'63 +1?6'53 6?4':3 0

TJV gev nc T#E +:?:5'4= +:053':1 +:2=3'?3 +5=3'=2 215'0= 5

Fmqvrmbuvmng nc trncmvq TBTFVJ 4'4: 4'4: 4'4: 4'4: 4'4:

Gng++trnsmqmngq cnr :6?'6? :?5'20 :::'66 :5='13 22?'53 6

Fmkmguvmng mg mgseqvkegv 4 4'?3 4'?: 4 4'46

Qugfr} febvnrq ::'32 5:'0? 54'? 6?'=2 6?'=6

Lnjgq jgf jfsjgaeq mgalufmgo gtjq 2?'0: 3'3? 2'?0 1'=? :'1?

Lnjgq jgf jfsjgaeq vn ornut anktjgmeq 66'12 6:'22 6:'21 4 4

Mgvereqv eptegqeq 55': 3?'=2 :6'15 :43'4: :?0'2: 1

Tnwer eptegqeq 4 4 4':6 4'4: 4

Orjvumv} 4 2'=2 :'65 :'65 4

Nvèrq 0'32 1'=2 4'40 4 4

Gn nc anktjgmeq :14 :63 :63 :16 ::1

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' :=


20/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Mganke # eptegfmvure

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 24


21/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Alnv`

Rq' Arnre (Gng+Jggujlmqef- Kjr+41 Kjr+46 Kjr+45 Kjr+43 Kjr+4? Kjr+

Vnvjl mganke ::016'=3 :5024'12 :1650'2 :5630'12 :326:'3= :=26=

Qjleq :4?01'? ::466'?1 ::=5?'?= :1?0='?2 :604:'=3 :02=5

Mgfuqvrmjl qjleq :4602'05 :434?'56 ::?:1':= :1600'0= :6166':1 :?160'Mganke crnk gng+cmgjgamjl qersmaeq 144'05 61?':= 266'3 144'01 65?'01 =6?'

Mganke crnk cmgjgamjl qersmaeq ?20'3 ?21'01 ?64 01?'=0 =65'46 633'

Mgvereqv ?43'3= 5=0'3= 3=6'=6 ?32'5? 0::': :=1'

Fmsmfegfq 6'=5 ::'02 ?'02 3'66 0'?0 0'

Vrejqur} nterjvmngq :5'5= ::4'1: 2='?1 56'56 ?3': 22?'

Nvèr mganke 61':0 6:'=5 32'42 ?:'40 36'33 5='

Trmnr termnf mganke # epvrjnrfmgjr} mganke 2?='60 644='0: 3=0'1= ?3='56 614'41 620'

A`jgoe mg qvnai 30'31 +:4:'3 :65'16 :34'?0 100'42 201'

Vnvjl eptegqeq :1645'43 :5501'=3 :6123'3? :55?:'6 :34:='36 :0332'

Rjw kjvermjl eptegqeq 5=11'11 5030'35 3=31'0 ?=1?'6 0304'1= :46:0

Tjaijomgo eptegqeq 15':6 61'06 5:'2: ?4 03'31 :4:'

Tura`jqe nc cmgmqèf onnfq 6=:'1= 3?3'36 6=='6: 606':= 550'53 :40:'

Tnwer, cuel # wjver a`jroeq 0:0'43 ?01'66 054'= ==1'3= :421'41 :243'

Anktegqjvmng vn ektln}eeq :206'?1 :613 :42:'5= :43?'10 013'43 =20'

Mgfmreav vjpeq 66='= 55:'0? 62='02 123'46 :?='15 :0?'

Rn}jlvmeq, vea`gmajl ignw+`nw ceeq, eva' 5'30 5'?? 5'3: 3'55 ='11 5'

Lejqe regv # nvèr regv 22'33 26'?0 1:'0: 1?'=: 36'3: :4?'

Retjmrq # kjmgvegjgae :2='3? :12'= :60'3 :36'?1 :56':1 :31'

Mgqurjgae trekmuk tjmf 12'41 1:'61 11':0 15'2 16'36 2=

Nuvqnuraef kco' hnbq (mgal' hnb wnriq, eva'- 6:4'12 135'5? 611'11 51:':= 5=6'01 3?:'

Nuvqnuraef trnceqqmngjl hnbq :0':6 2:'0? 21'=? 64'41 55'36 63'

Fmreavnrq/ ceeq 4':1 4'2: 4'26 5'16 3'2? ?'

Qellmgo # fmqvrmbuvmng eptegqeq 1?:'=2 16='?: 103':6 625 555'?= 351

Vrjsel eptegqeq 14'45 11'5: 16'6= 64'== 62':: 6:'

Ankkugmajvmng eptegqeq :2'40 :2'31 ::'61 :6'?3 :3'10 :3'

Trmgvmgo # qvjvmnger} eptegqeq :4'0? :2'3= :6':2 :6'00 :?'45 :='

Kmqaelljgenuq eptegqeq :?='=5 244'1? 241'4= 242'=0 235'6= 116'

Nvèr nterjvmngjl ept' nc mgfl' egvertrmqeq 64'16 55'51 60'?3 35'3? ?3'3 =1'

Nvèr nter' ept' nc gng+cmg' qersmae egvertrmqeq 4'?6 4 4'4: 4'03 4'= 4'

Q`jre nc lnqq mg qubqmfmjrmeq.HSq,eva' 4'51 4 4 4 4

Lejqe ezujlmqjvmng jfhuqvkegv 4':: 4 4 4 4

Lnqq ng qeaurmvmqjvmng nc jqqevq.lnjgq 4 4 4 4 4

Cee bjqef cmgjgamjl qersmae eptegqeq =4'3: ?3'= 05 0?'11 34'2: 63'

Vrejqur} nterjvmngq eptegqeq ?'?0 :40'3? ?:'1? :5'3? 3 ::'

Vnvjl trnsmqmngq 1='0= 2:0'01 01'4? 23'22 :5'56 53'

_rmve+nccq ?0'6= 1?'00 25:'50 11'?3 :3':= 24'

Leqq8 Eptegqeq ajtmvjlmqef +:'13 :'4= :'?5 2?'2 :66'4: 2:6'Leqq8 FRE # eptegqeq a`jroef vn nvèrq 4 4 4 4':= 4'3? 4'

Trmnr termnf # epvrjnrfmgjr} eptegqeq 35'03 24:0'=2 :26'?3 ::6'=2 55'05 ?4'

TBFMVJ :16:'01 235:'2 :?=0 2=:1'0 1132'0: 1625'

Mgvereqv tjmf 2462'0 :33='3? :??6'20 :05='?? :35='5: :201'

Cmgjgamjl a`jroeq ng mgqvrukegvq :'5: 4'=5 :'21 4':= 4':=

Eptegqeq mgaurref ng rjmqmgo fetnqmvq.febvq 4'41 4'4: 4'4= 4'4: 4

TBFVJ +?42'5: =04'5? 22'6 :451'01 :?41':: 2:62'

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 2:


22/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Fetreamjvmng 3=1'5: ?43'61 360'6= ?32'46 064'60 =2='

Jknrvmqjvmng 2='4= 2?'26 26'?6 ::'?1 :0'2= :6'

TBV +:625':: 263'= +354'01 204'43 066'16 ::=?'

Trnsmqmng cnr fmreav vjpeq ?3'13 ::2':6 ?2'1 222'13 216'2? 12?

TJV +:54:'6? :16'?3 +?21':1 5?'? 3:4'4? 0?4'

Gn nc anktjgmeq :14 :63 :63 :16 ::1

Mgseqvkegvq

Alnv`

Rq' Arnre (Gng+Jggujlmqef- Kjr+41 Kjr+46 Kjr+45 Kjr+43 Kjr+4? Kj

Mgseqvkegvq :1?6'31 1=?='1 10=6'6: 64=0 6:0?'4: :5?1

Mg ezumv} q`jreq :4:0'1: :4?=':3 :40='43 :206'25 :435'36 ??3

Ornut anktjgmeq =?3'6= :411'4: :46?'1= :240':3 =0=':= 35=

Nvèr v`jg ornut anktjgmeq 6:'02 63':5 6:'3? ?3'4= ?3'65 ::

Mg treceregae q`jreq ='50 ='11 :1'5= :6'?1 6='?0 =3

Ornut anktjgmeq =':0 =':0 =':6 :6'50 6='31 =

Nvèr v`jg ornut anktjgmeq 4'6 4':5 6'65 4':5 4':5 4

Mg febv mgqvrukegvq 56'?: ?0'3 ?5'6: :?6'06 :21'22 :20

Nvèr v`jg onsergekegv febegvureq.bngfq 56'32 ?0'56 ?5'15 :?6'?0 :21':3 :20

Ornut anktjgmeq 5: ?5'?5 ?1 :22'42 :4='3 :4

Nvèr v`jg ornut anktjgmeq 1'32 2'?= 2'15 52'?3 :1'53 :0

Mg bngfq.febegvureq nc onsergkegv.lnajl bnfmeq 4'4= 4'43 4'43 4'43 4'43 4

Mg kuvujl cugfq 265'0? 146':1 :=0'6= 0='15 251'22 0

Ornut anktjgmeq 4 4 4 4 4

Nvèr v`jg ornut anktjgmeq 265'0? 146':1 :=0'6= 0='15 251'22 0

Mg nvèrq 31'00 25?5'3 2505'=6 2313'5= 204='62 313

Leqq8 Trnsmqmng cnr fmkugmvmng mg sjlue nc mgseqvkegvq :?'?2 3?'52 30'40 :4:'?3 ::6'2? :65

Gng+trnsmqmngmgo nc fmkugmvmng mg mgseqvkegvq 4 4'?3 4'?: 4 4'46 4Bnni sjlue nc zunvef mgseqvkegvq :64'45 :5?'5? :02'?3 :33':1 212'3: :5:

Kjriev sjlue nc zunvef mgseqvkegvq 60'0 55'== :11'23 :==':1 :01'25 :26

Kjrievjble qeaurmvmeq 11?':= 653'=? 136'=0 251'01 64='?: 222

Mgseqvkegv lnfoef jq qeaurmv} :33'13 :?2'30 30'?0 65'=1 :21'0: :2?

Gn nc anktjgmeq :14 :63 :63 :16 ::1

VNNLQ NC JGJL]QMQ

Ejrgmgo Tnwer nc Mgfuqvr}



23/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vè ejrgmgo tnwer nc mgfuqvr} mq ajlauljvef bjqef ng(:- Nterjvmgo Tercnrkjgae'(2- Cmgjgamjl Tercnrkjgae'

Nterjvmgo Tercnrkjgae8

_èg vè angaerg mq regfermgo qnke qersmaeq rjvèr v`jg kjgucjavurmgo vèonnfq ajllef nterjvmgo anqv jgf mvq eccmamega} mq ajllef nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae'

EBMVNterjvmgo tercnrkjgae ; ++++++++++++++++++++++

Gev Jqqev

Cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae8

Cmgjgae kj} be fecmgef jq vè trnsmqmng nc knge} jv vè vmke mv mq wjgvef' Vècmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae kejgq vè trnaurekegv nc cugfq jgf vè ecceavmse uvmlmxjvmng ncknge}'

TJVCmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae ; +++++++++++++++++++++++++

Gev wnrv`

Anqv qvruavure8

Cmpef A`jroerqAnqv qvruavure; +++++++++++++++++++++++++

Sjlue Jffef

Ornwv` Rjve8

Tg ; Tn (: ) r- g

@ere T g ; Aurregv }ejrTn ;bjqe }ejrr ; ornwv` rjve

Qvjvmqvmajl Vnnlq8

Vn trefmav vè cuvure sjlueq oegerjll} we jttl} vregf jgjl}qmq' Vè cnrkuljq jrejq cnllnwq'



24/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vregf Jgjl}qmq8

Eqvmkjvmng nc qjleq Uqmgo ] ; j)bp

} ; gj ) b p

p} ; jp ) bp2

Anrreljvmng8

Anrreljvmng mq vè feoree nc jqqnamjvmng bevweeg vnw sjrmjbleq jgf mv mqretreqegvef mg verkq nc j an+eccmamegv ignw jq anrreljvmng' Vè rjgoe nc vè anrreljvmngan+eccmamegv mv mq mg bevweeg +: jgf ):' Mc vè anrreljvmng an+eccmamegv mq geojvmse, vèg vèsjrmjble jre mgserqel} trntnrvmngjl jgf kjpmkuk wèg mv mq +:, Mc vè an+eccmamegv mq 4,vère mq bm jqqnamjvmng bevweeg vè sjrmjbleq jre jqqnamjvef fmreavl} jgf mv mq kjpmkukwèg mv mq ):'

8 + +^ ^(p+ p- (}+}-

r ; +++++++++++++++++++++++++ ^ + ^

(p+ p-2 (}+}-2

ANQV QVRUAVURE8

Anqv qvruavure q`nwq vè teraegvjoe nc anqv mgaurref vn trnfuae j trnfuav' Mv mq vè

reljvmngq`mt bevweeg cmpef a`jroeq jgf sjlue jffef' @ere cmpef a`jroeq kejgq (wjoeq

)mgvereqv ) fetreamjvmng-, sjlue jffef kejgq qjleq+(rjw kjvermjl ) tnwer # cuel-'



25/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Cmpef a`jroeqAnqv qvruavure ; ++++++++++++++++++++++

Sjlue jffef

Vjble gn : q`nwmgo anqv qvruavure (Rq mg arnreq-

Q'Gn

Tjrvmauljrq 2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440

: Qjleq :4?01'? ::466'?1 ::=5?'?= :1?0='?2 :604:'=3 :02=5

2 Rjw Kjvermjl,tnwer, cueljgf wjver

3143':4 3222'63 ?206'20 01:0'12 =41?':: :40=0

1 Ektln}eeanktegqjvmng

:206'?1 :613 :42:'56 :43?'10 013'43 =20'5

6 Mgvereqv tjmf 2462'0 :33='3? :??6'2 :05=':? :35='? :201'4

5 Fetreamjvmng 3=1'5: ?43'61 360'51 ?32'46 064'60 =2='5

3 Sjlue jffef(:+(2)1--

1:=2'0? 1103'11 135:'=2 6646'42 6=20'?= 3630'?

? Cmpef a`jroeq(6-)(5-)(3-

5=2=':0 5?32'61 34?6'35 ?425'21 ?620'=? 030:'2

0 Anqv qvruavure :'05 :'55 :'33 :'5= :'54 :'16

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

B} nbqersmgo jbnse vjble mv mq alejr v`jv anqv qvruavure nc vè alnv` mgfuqvr} fearejqeqangvmgunuql} epaetv mg vè }ejr 2445, beajuqe nc cmpef a`jroeq trntnrvmng vn sjlue jffef

mq angvmgunuql} fearejqef' Mv wjq kjmgl} fue vn j ljroe mgarejqe mg qjleq wèg anktjref

vn cmpef a`jroeq' Mv `jq ecceavef ng vè eccmamega} nc alnv` mgfuqvr} jgf mv geef vn mktrnse

mvq eccmamega} b} refuamgo cmpef a`jroeq'

NTERJVMGO TERCNRKJGAE8

Nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae q`nwq vè reljvmngq`mt bevweeg TBMV jgf gev jqqevq'

EBMVNterjvmgo tercnrkjgae ; +++++++++++++++++

Gev Jqqevq



26/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vjble gn' 2 q`nwmgo nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae (Rq mg arnreq-

]EJR EBMV GEV JQQEVQ NTERJVMGO

TERCNRKJGAE

2441 3:='21 26:5?'=0 4'425

2446 :=:?'51 26553'1? 4'4?0

2445 ::26'?? 1?130'? 4'414

2443 2:64'41 1:36='02 4'43?

244? 2546'46 136=?'02 4'430

2440 260:'45 1:50='60 4'4?0

Orjt`8 :

4'425

4'4?0

4'41

4'43? 4'430

4'4?0

4

4'4:

4'42

4'41

4'46

4'45

4'43

4'4?

4'40

RJVMN

2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440

]EJRQ

Nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

Crnk vè jbnse vjble mv mq alejr v`jv vè nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae nc alnv` mgfuqvr} `jq

mktrnsef crnk }ejr vn }ejr epteav 2446' Mv wjq kjmgl} beajuqe j trntnrvmngjve mgarejqe

mg EBMV, mq knre v`jv nc gev jqqevq' Vè knre sjlue nc vè trntnrvmng q`nwq vè bevver

nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae vè mgfuqvr} mq ser} onnf'

CMGJGAMJL TERCNRKJGAE8

Cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae q`nwq vè reljvmngq`mt bevweeg trncmv jcver vjp jgf gev wnrv`'

TJVCmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae; ++++++++++++++

Gev wnrv`



27/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Vjble gn' 1 q`nwmgo cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae (Rq mg arnreq-

Y]EJR TJV GEV _NRV@ CMGJGAMJL

TERCNRKJGAE

2441 +:54:'6? +1061'35 4'41=

2446 :16'?3 603':: 4'2??

2445 +?21':1 651':1 +:'5=1

2443 5?'? :05?'30 4'41:

244? 3:4'4? ?016'0: 4'4??

2440 0?4'4? 30?0'21 4':23

Orjt`8 2

4'41=4'2??

+:'5=1

4'41: 4'4??4':23

+2

+:'5

+:

+4'5

4

4'5

RJVMN

2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440

]EJRQ

Cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

Crnk vè jbnse vjble mv mq alejr v`jv vè cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae nc alnv`q mgfuqvr} mq sjrmef

knre' Mg vè }ejr 2445 mv onv knre fecmamvq beajuqe mv onv knre lnqqeq mg v`jv }ejr' Jcver

2445 vè anktjg}q TJV mgarejqef' V`jv mgfmajveq vè anktjg} mq mg bevver tnqmvmng'

ORN_V@ JGJL]QMQ

Vè cnllnwmgo vjble q`nwq vè ornwv` teraegvjoe nc qjleq mgaurref mg eser} }ejr b}vjimgo 2441 jq bjqe }ejr

Vjble gn' 6 q`nwmgo ornwv` jgjl}qmq

]EJRQ QJLEQ ORN_V@ %

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 2?


28/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

2441 :4?01'? ++

2446 ::466'?1 2'62

2445 ::?:1':= 3'45

2443 :1600'0= :5':5

244? :6166':1 3'16

2440 :?160':? 24'=6

Orjt`8 1

ORN_V@ JGJL]QMQ

:4?01'? ::466'?1::?:1':=

:1600'0=:6166':1

:?160':?

4

5444

:4444

:5444

24444

2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440

]EJRQ

QJLEQ

QJLEQ

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

Ornwv` teraegvjoe nc qjleq q`nwq kjhnr sjrmjvmngq mg vè }ejrq 2443 jgf 2440' Alnv`q

mgfuqvr} q`nwmgo onnf requlvq quaaeqqmsel} mg qjleq mg jll }ejrq'

VREGF JGJL]QMQ

Vregf jgjl}qmq nc mganke8

Vè cnllnwmgo vjble q`nwq vè epteavef sjlueq cnr vè gepv ankmgo }ejrq8

Vjble gn 5' q`nwmgo vregf jgjl}qmq]EJRQ MGANKE



29/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

2441 ::016'=3

2446 :5024'12

2445 :1650'2

2443 :5630'12

244? :326:'3=

2440 :=26='6

Eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 244= 210?3'53

Eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 24:4 2??36':2

Orjt`8 6

::016'=3

:5024'12

:1650'2:5630'12:326:'3=

:=26='6

210?3'53

2??36':2

4

5444

:4444

:5444

24444

25444

14444

RJVMN

2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440 244= 24:4

]EJRQ

VREGF JGJL]QMQ

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

B} uqmgo vregf jgjl}qmq vea`gmzue, we eqvmkjvef vè cuvure mganke nc alnv`

mgfuqvr} cnr 244= kj} be 210?3'53 jgf cnr 24:4 wmll be 2??36':2

Vregf jgjl}qmq nc qjleq8

Vè cnllnwmgo vjble q`nwq vè epteavef sjlueq cnr vè gepv ankmgo }ejrq8

Vjble gn 3' Q`nwmgo vregf jgjl}qmq]EJRQ qjleq

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 2=


30/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

2441 :4?01'?

2446 ::466'?

2445 ::=5?'?

2443 :1?0='?2

244? :604:'=3

2440 :02=5'=

Eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 244= :05:2'42

Eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 24:4 :==5='55

Orjt`85

:4?01'? ::466'?::=5?'?

:1?0='?2:604:'=3

:02=5'=:05:2'42:==5='55

4

2444

6444

3444

0444

:4444

:2444

:6444

:3444

:0444

24444

RJVMN

2441 2446 2445 2443 244? 2440 244= 24:4

]EJRQ

VREGF JGJL]QMQ

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

V`e eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 244= mq :05:2'42

V`e eqvmkjvef qjleq cnr 244= mq :==5='55

ANRRELJVMNG BEV_EEG QJLEQ JGF MGSEQVKEGVQ8

Vjble gn' ? q`nwmgo anrreljvmng bevweeg qjleq jgf mgseqvkegvq

]EJR QJLEQ MGSEQVKEGVQ



31/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

2441 :4?01'? :1?6'31

2446 ::466'?1 1=?='1

2445 ::=5?'?= 10=6'6:

2443 :1?0='?2 64=0':244? :604:'=3 6:0?'4:

2440 :02=5'= :5?1'56

Anrreljvmng bevweeg QJLEQ Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq ; +4'533:

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

V`e aneccmamegv nc anrreljvmng bevweeg QJLEQ Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq +4'533:' V`mq

mgfmajveq bnv` `jse geojvmse anrreljvmng' Bnv` mgseqvkegv jgf qjleq jre mg nttnqmve

fmreavmng'

ANRRELJVMNG BEV_EEG MGANKE JGF MGSEQVKEGVQ8

Vjble gn' 0 q`nwmgo anrreljvmng bevweeg mganke jgf mgseqvkegvq

JTOAKQ, RJHJKTEV' 1:


32/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

]EJR MGANKE MGSEQVKEGVQ

2441 ::016'=3 :1?6'31

2446 :5024'12 1=?='1

2445 :1650'2 10=6'6:2443 :5630'12 64=0':

244? :326:'3= 6:0?'4:

2440 :=26='6 :5?1'56

Anrreljvmng bevweeg MGANKE Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq ; +4'3400:

MGVERTREVJVMNG8

V`e aneccmamegv nc anrreljvmng bevweeg MGANKE Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq +4'3400' V`mq

mgfmajveq bnv` `jse geojvmse anrreljvmng' Bnv` mganke jgf mgseqvkegvq jre mg v`e nttnqmve

fmreavmng'

Q_NV JGJL]QMQ

Qvregov`q8



33/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Mgfmj `jsmgo sjrmnuq vrjfmvmngq, eja` nge `jsmgo vère nwg qv}le nc aulvure mg

alnv`mgo èltq feselntkegv nc alnv` mgfuqvr}'

A`jgoeq mg vregf jlqn èlt mg feselntkegv mg alnv` mgfuqvr}'

Mgarejqmgo tntuljvmng èltq v`mq mgfuqvr}'

Onsergkegv trnsmfmgo eser} mgcrjqvruavure vn alnv` mgfuqvrmeq'

Mv `jq `mo` quttl} a`jmg kjgjoekegv mg Mgfmj m'e' `jsmgo knre revjmlerq mg eser}

qkjll vnwg'

_ejigeqqeq8

Anktevmvmng jrmqmgo crnk cnremog mktnrvq nc cjq`mng vregfq'

Cjqv a`jgoeq vregf mg kjriev''

Geef vn mktlekegv utfjvef vea`gnlno} vn refuae anqv nc trnfuavmng'

Uglmaegqef mgfuqvrmeq jre vère'

Nttnrvugmvmeq8

Angqmferjble tnvegvmjl epmqvq cnr qevvmgo ut kjgucjavurmgo ugmvq cnr sjlue jffef

trnfuavq'

Vère mq j a`jgae vn mktlekegv knferg vea`gnlno} jgf qeaure knre requlvq'

Ljai nc fnkmgjgv anktevmvmng' Jsjmljbmlmv} nr gew vea`gnlno} cnr kjqq trnfuavmng'

V`rejvq8

Jlv`nuo` cjq`mng vregf mq onmgo vn a`jgoe cnr fj} vn fj} onsergkegv geef vn omse

quttnrv cnr alnv` mgfuqvr}'



34/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

Ljai nc terceav alnv` quttl} vnwjrfq egf uqer'

Qjleq jre bjqef ng vregf, aulvurjl jgf ceqvmsjl'

Mgarejqef anktevmvmng'

NBQERSJVMNGQ

Vè anqv qvruavure nc vè alnv` mgfuqvr} fearejqeq angvmgunuql} epaetv mg vè }ejr

2445, beajuqe nc cmpef a`jroeq trntnrvmng vn sjlue jffef mq angvmgunuql}



35/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

fearejqef' Mg nrfer vn oev knre trncmvq we `jse vn fearejqe cmpef a`jroeq b}

mgarejqmgo trnfuavmng'

B} nbqersmgo cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae we nbqersef v`jv mg vè }ejr 2445 mv onv knre

fecmamvq beajuqe mv onv knre lnqqeq mg v`jv }ejr' Jcver 2445 vè anktjg}q TJVmgarejqef' B} angqmfermgo vè nserjll cmgjgamjl tercnrkjgae nc alnv` anktjg}, mvq

mq mg bevver tnqmvmng'

Mv mq alejr v`jv vè nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae nc alnv` mgfuqvr} `jq mktrnsef crnk }ejr

vn }ejr epteav 2446' Mv wjq kjmgl} beajuqe j trntnrvmngjve mgarejqe mg EBMV, mq

knre v`jv nc gev jqqevq' Vè knre sjlue nc vè trntnrvmng q`nwq vè bevver

nterjvmgo tercnrkjgae nser jll vè mgfuqvr} mq ser} onnf'

Ornwv` teraegvjoe nc qjleq q`nwq kjhnr sjrmjvmngq mg vè }ejrq 2443 jgf 2440'

Alnv`q mgfuqvr} q`nwmgo onnf requlvq quaaeqqmsel} mg qjleq mg jll }ejrq'

B} uqmgo vregf jgjl}qmq vea`gmzue, we eqvmkjvef vè cuvure mganke nc ALNV@

MGFUQVR] cnr 244= mq :=?33'== jgf cnr 24:4 mq be 21=0?' @ere anktjg} mq

ornwmgo mg tnqmvmse kjgger' _e eqvmkjvef vè cuvure qjleq nc alnv` mgfuqvr} cnr

244= mq :05:2'42 jgf cnr 24:4 jre :==5='55' @ere anktjg} mq ornwmgo mg

tnqmvmse kjgger'

Vè aneccmamegv nc anrreljvmng bevweeg QJLEQ Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq +4'533 jgf

bevweeg MGANKE Sq MGSEQVKEGVQ mq +4'3400' Mv mgfmajveq bnv` `jsmgo

tnqmvmse anrreljvmng' Bnv` jre knsmgo mg qjke fmreavmng' Mv mgfmajveq bnv` `jsmgo

tnqmvmse anrreljvmng' Bnv` qjleq jgf mgseqvkegv jre knsmgo mg qjke fmreavmng'

ANGALUQMNG8



36/36

ALNV@Q MGFUQVR]

B} jgjl}xmgo vè anqv qvruavure, cmgjgamjl jgf nterjvmngjl tercnrkjgae, ornwv` jgjl}qmq,

vregf jgjl}qmq jgf aneccmamegv nc anrreljvmng, we angalufe v`jv alnv` mgfuqvr} `jsmgo bevver

tercnrkjgae b} anktjref wmv` nvèr mgfuqvrmeq' Vè ornwv` rjve mgfmajvmgo v`jv alnv`

mgfuqvr} kj} revjmg mvq bevver tercnrkjgae mg cuvure jlqn'

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