industry’s first qos- enhanced mpls te solution -...

1© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Industry’s First QoSIndustry’s First QoS--Enhanced MPLS TE Enhanced MPLS TE

SolutionSolution

Azhar SayeedAzhar SayeedManager, IOS Product Management, Manager, IOS Product Management, [email protected]

Contact Info: Kim Gibbons, Contact Info: Kim Gibbons, [email protected], 408, 408--525525--49094909


AgendaAgenda

• MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)Technology and Applications

• Why Extend QoS into MPLS TE

• Guaranteed Bandwidth ServicesQoS-enhanced MPLS Traffic Engineering

• The Cisco IOS Advantage

• Summary, Comments & Questions


MPLS Is The Key Technology for MPLS Is The Key Technology for IP Service DeliveryIP Service Delivery

IP+ATM SwitchIP+ATM Switch

PNNIPNNI MPLSMPLS

IPIP

IP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM TogetherIP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM Together

Network-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundationfor Value Added Service DeliveryNetwork-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundationfor Value Added Service Delivery• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN• Transport independent• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services

• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN• Transport independent• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services

• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport

ATMServices

ATMServices

IPServices

IPServices


Key MessagesKey Messages

• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful solution for improving network resource management

• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services

Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution

• Cisco: Leading the industry and market with advanced, integrated MPLS and QoS solutions


What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?

• Process of routing data traffic in order to balance the traffic load on the various links, routers, and switches in the network

• Key in most networks where multiple parallel or alternate paths are available


Why Traffic Engineering?Why Traffic Engineering?

• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patternsElection news, online trading, major sports events

• Better utilization of available bandwidthRoute on the non-shortest path

• Route around failed links/nodesFast rerouting around failures, transparently to users

Like SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)

• Virtual IP leased line servicesVoIP Toll-Bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees

• Capacity planningTE improves aggregate availability of the network


R8

R2

R6

R3

R4

R7

R5

R1

IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost RoutingFlows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become IndistinguishableFrom R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route

IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost RoutingFlows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become IndistinguishableFrom R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route

Alternate Path Under-UtilizedAlternate Path Under-Utilized

IP Routing and The FishIP Routing and The Fish


MPLS TE ApplicationMPLS TE Application

• Protection solutionSimilar to SONET’s automatic protection switching

• Fast re-routeGoal is to match SONET restoral times—50 ms

Locally patch around lost facilitiesLocally re-route around failed links/nodes

StrategiesAlternate tunnel (1->1 mapping) ortunnel within tunnel (n->1 mapping)

How is this done?Locally re-route traffic onto backup paths when informedby lower layers (SONET etc.)

The backup paths are pre-established—however,bandwidth needn’t be double counted


Node and Link ProtectionNode and Link Protection

R8

R2

R6

R3R4

R7

R1 R5

R9

• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4 expects before pushing the label for R6

• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6

• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4 expects before pushing the label for R6

• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6


Cisco MPLS AutoBandwidthCisco MPLS AutoBandwidth

• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load

Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.

• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE tunnels

• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load

Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.

• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE tunnels

CiscoCisco--unique feature!unique feature!

Minimum

Maximum

Total bandwidthfor all TE tunnelson a path

Bandwidth reserved fora TE tunnel using Cisco AutoBandwidth allocator

Bandwidthavailable to other tunnels

Tunnel resized totraffic rate Time


EndEnd--toto--End Solution End Solution via Cisco IOSvia Cisco IOS®® Software Software

5 Mbps5 Mbps

1 Mbps1 MbpsHQ1

VPN HQBack-up

VPN and Traffic Engineering Combinedto Provide End-to-End Services

VPN and Traffic Engineering Combinedto Provide End-to-End Services

MPLS VPN

MPLS TEMPLS TE


DiffServDiffServ

Industry Standard Industry Standard Differentiated ServicesDifferentiated Services


No state

Best Effort

Per-flow state

IntServ / RSVP

Aggregatedstate

DiffServ

1. The original IP service2. First efforts at IP QoS

3. Seeking simplicity and scale

Time

4. Bandwidth Optimization & End-to-End SLAs (IntServ+DiffServ+ Traffic Engineering)

The IP QoS PendulumThe IP QoS Pendulum


PR

OV

ISIO

NIN

G &

MO

NIT

OR

ING

PR

OV

ISIO

NIN

G &

MO

NIT

OR

ING

VPNsVPNsMultimediaVideo Conferencing

Collaboration

MultimediaVideo Conferencing

Collaboration

Mission Critical

Mission CriticalVoIPVoIP

HybridHybridMPLSMPLSDiffServDiffServIntServIntServ

Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))

Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)

Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)

Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)

Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)

FrameRelay

FrameRelay

PPPHDLC

PPPHDLC SDLC

SDLCATM, POSATM, POS FE,Gig.E

10GE

FE,Gig.E10GE

WirelessFixed,Mobile

WirelessFixed,Mobile

BroadBandCable,xDSL

BroadBandCable,xDSL

PO

LIC

Y-B

AS

ED

NE

TW

OR

KIN

GP

OLIC

Y-B

AS

ED

NE

TW

OR

KIN

G

Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)

The Cisco QoS FrameworkThe Cisco QoS Framework


Differentiated ServicesDifferentiated ServicesThe IETF DiffServ ModelThe IETF DiffServ Model

• Use 6 bits in IP header to sort traffic into “Behavior Aggregates”… a.k.a. Classes!

RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597, 2598

• Defines a number of “Per Hop Behaviors - PHBs”

• Two-Ingredient Recipe:Condition the Traffic at the EdgesInvoke the PHBs in the Core

• Use PHBs to Construct Services such as Virtual Leased Line!


• Cisco IOS 12.2 are fully compliant with all the Core DiffServ RFCs

• Platforms:

• C36xx, C72xx, C75xx -- Now

• More Platforms in the Near Future

Cisco IOS DiffServCisco IOS DiffServ


DiffServDiffServ--Aware TEAware TE

MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth ServicesServices

Integrating QoS and TEIntegrating QoS and TE


MPLS GuaranteedMPLS GuaranteedBandwidth ServicesBandwidth Services

• MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services are built by:– Extending MPLS traffic engineering

• Advertise available bandwidth for best-effort traffic• Also advertise available bandwidth for high-

priority traffic – DiffServ-aware TE–Using QoS features to guarantee delivery of the high-priority traffic

• Classification • Policing

5 Mbps5 Mbps

C1

C2


Guaranteed Bandwidth Services Guaranteed Bandwidth Services Target Market SegmentsTarget Market Segments

• For service providers for who lease bandwidth

Benefit: Greater utilization of relatively costly/valuable bandwidthISPs – Internet Service ProvidersICPs – Integrated Communications ProvidersOther carriers with costly bandwidth

• For service providers who offer bandwidth services

Benefits:Premium classes of service -- revenueResiliency against failures -- fast reroutingIXEs – Interexchange Carriers – offering MPLS VPNs

$$

$$


Virtual Leased Line (VLL)Virtual Leased Line (VLL)

• VLL is one example of MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services built using:

Core: GB-TEEdge:

Existing MPLS TE classification at the edgePolicing at the edge to ensure there is no theft of service

5 Mbps C1—>C35 Mbps C1—>C3C3

C1

C2

A B

10 Mbps C2—>C310 Mbps C2—>C3


Toll Bypass TrunkingToll Bypass Trunking

V V

PSTN Network

TollTrunk

MPLS Network

VoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway

GB Tunnel

Class 5legacy switches


Trunking Frame RelayTrunking Frame RelayAcross an MPLS CloudAcross an MPLS Cloud

• With CIR guarantees

• Adding full CIR support to FRoMPLS:

Admission control over CIR via creationof a GB-TE tunnel for sum of all CIRs

MPLSDLCI=177

High PriorityDLCI=215

DLCI=251

DLCI=310Low Priority

Frame RelayInterface




MPLS Guaranteed BandwidthMPLS Guaranteed BandwidthConclusionsConclusions

• Adds strict Point-to-Point QoS commitment over MPLS infrastructure

• Further step towards enabling MPLS as the multiserviceinfrastructure Other parallel steps include Fast Reroute, Admission Control of Voice, ...

• Enabler for a whole range of MPLS applications

• DiffServ-aware TE is a key Core tool for “MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth Services”

• DiffServ-aware TE allows some GB applications (Virtual Leased Line, FRoMPLS CIR, Static Voice Trunks)

• Follow-on developments for flexible Edge Behaviors and advanced GB-TE capabilities will allow additional GB apps


Cisco DifferentiationCisco Differentiation

• Extending MPLS traffic engineeringwith Guaranteed Bandwidth Services

Leverage the rich feature set Cisco IOS QoS

Cisco-unique AutoBandwidth feature

Build point-to-point bandwidth guaranteed services such as

Virtual IP leased lines

Toll bypass trunks for Voice over IP


Cisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETFCisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETF

• IETF contributions over 50• Cisco is either the author or the co-author

in key IETF MPLS drafts

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001TimeTime

Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to

StandardizeTag Switching

Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to

StandardizeTag Switching

Traffic Engineering Deployed

Traffic Engineering Deployed

MPLS VPNDeployed

MPLS VPNDeployed

Over 30 Customersin Production

Over 30 Customersin Production

Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)

Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)

Cisco ShipsMPLS TE

Cisco ShipsMPLS TE

MPLS Croup Formally Chartered

by IETF

MPLS Croup Formally Chartered

by IETF


Cisco AdvantageCisco Advantage

• Shipped MPLS in Cisco IOS softwarerelease 11.1CT - July 1998

• First to deploy MPLS in a production network

• First to deploy MPLS traffic engineering

• First to deploy MPLS VPNs

• First to deploy QoS-enhanced MPLS TE

• Broadest platform support

• Interoperable solution based in standards


Key MessagesKey Messages

• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful solution for improving network resource management

• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services

Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution

• Cisco: Leading the industry and market with advanced, integrated MPLS and QoS solutions


AppendixAppendix


MPLS Technology OverviewMPLS Technology Overview——Main IdeasMain Ideas

• Separate forwarding information (label) from the content of data (IP header)

• Single forwarding paradigm (label swapping)—multiple routing paradigms

• Multiple link-specific realizations of the label swapping forwarding paradigm

Label, VPI/VCI, Lambda (wavelength)

• Flexibility of grouping traffic into Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs)

• Forwarding hierarchy via label stacking


MPLS Technology OverviewMPLS Technology Overview

1a. Existing Routing Protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) Establish Reachability to Destination Networks

1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Establishes Label to Destination Network Mappings

4. Edge LSR at Egress Removes Label and Delivers Packet

3. LSR Switches Packets Using Label Swapping

2. Ingress Edge LSR Receives Packet, Performs Layer 3 Value-Added Services, and Labels Packets

LSPLSP


MPLS ApplicationsMPLS Applications

• MPLS a service enablerHighly-scalable network-based VPN solution

• Traffic managementIP traffic engineering solutionProtection solution with fast re-route

• Advanced IP servicesVirtual leased line using guaranteed bandwidth services

• Integration of diverse technologies

IP + ATMIP + Optical

OPTICALOPTICAL

IPIPATMATM

MPLSMPLS


Defined PHBsDefined PHBs

• Expedited Forwarding (EF): RFC2598

dedicated low delay queue

Comparable to Guaranteed B/W in IntServ

• Assured Forwarding (AF): RFC2597

n queues × m drop preferences

Comparable to Controlled Load in IntServ

• Class Selector: Compat. with IP Prec

• Default (best effort)


EQUANT ANNOUNCES PRIORITY SERVICE FOR URGENT VOICE & DATA TRAFFIC:

Real Time ClassOptimized for toll quality Voice over IP and time-sensitive applications

Interactive ClassDesigned to give quick response for business critical applications

• Standard Business ClassSuitable for day-to-day business applications, client server traffic and corporate web traffic

• General ClassIdeal for email, Internet http traffic and Notes replication

For further information see http://www.equant.com (News from June 8, 2000)

REALREAL--WORLD WORLD DiffServ!DiffServ!


Acronym GuideAcronym Guide

• AF Assured Forwarding

• APS Automatic Protection Switching

• ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

• DiffServ Differentiated Services

• EF Expedited Forwarding

• GB-TE Guaranteed Bandwidth Traffic Engineering

• IP Internet Protocol

• MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

• PHB Per Hop Behavior

• PNNI Private Network to Network Interface

• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

• QoS Quality of Service

• SONET Synchronous Optical Network

• TE Traffic Engineering

• VoIP Voice over IP

• VPN Virtual Private Network

industry’s first qos- enhanced mpls te solution -...

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