infection control. what is infection control? infection control is the practice of preventing...
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT IS INFECTION CONTROL?WHAT IS INFECTION CONTROL?
• Infection Control is the practice of Infection Control is the practice of preventing infectionpreventing infection
•Take steps to ensure that patients don’t acquire Take steps to ensure that patients don’t acquire an infection while they are here in the hospital an infection while they are here in the hospital
•TERM: Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) InfectionTERM: Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infection
FOR MORE INFORMATION, FOR MORE INFORMATION, LOOK IN THE INFECTION CONTROL MANUALLOOK IN THE INFECTION CONTROL MANUAL
LOCATED IN YOUR DEPARTMENTLOCATED IN YOUR DEPARTMENT
Breaking the Chain of Infection
THE MOST EFFECTIVE INFECTION THE MOST EFFECTIVE INFECTION CONTROL MEASURE TO PREVENT THE CONTROL MEASURE TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION IS:TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION IS:
** HAND HYGIENE
~ You can isolate a patient and wear your PPE, but if you DON’T CLEAN YOUR HANDS you will carry the infection to all the patients you touch
What’s on your hands?What’s on your hands?Hopefully not that!
Remember!
Hand hygiene prevents the spread of infection
Good hand hygiene is the most important activity you can do to keep your patients infection free
Hand Hygiene at MRCHHand Hygiene at MRCH
• Hand washing with soap and water:Hand washing with soap and water:– Antimicrobial soapAntimicrobial soap– Non antimicrobial soapNon antimicrobial soap
• Hand hygiene with alcohol gelHand hygiene with alcohol gel– Exceptions for use:Exceptions for use:
•Physical debris on handsPhysical debris on hands
•Protein matter on handsProtein matter on hands
•SporesSpores
Give Healthcare a HAND Give Healthcare a HAND by washing yours!by washing yours!
• Before you start workBefore you start work• Before patient careBefore patient care• After patient careAfter patient care• While providing care when movingWhile providing care when moving
from not clean to clean areasfrom not clean to clean areas• Before invasive proceduresBefore invasive procedures• Before sterile proceduresBefore sterile procedures• After you remove glovesAfter you remove gloves• The opportunities are endless!!!The opportunities are endless!!!
Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (PPE)
• Wear a barrier to protect against Wear a barrier to protect against blood and bodily fluids:blood and bodily fluids:– GlovesGloves– GownGown– MaskMask– Eye ProtectionEye Protection
STANDARD STANDARD PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
• Based on the principle that Based on the principle that all body fluids and excretions all body fluids and excretions may contain transmissible may contain transmissible infectious agentsinfectious agents
• Practiced for all patients, all Practiced for all patients, all the timethe time
• When you find yourself in a When you find yourself in a situation that might result in situation that might result in exposure to bodily fluids, exposure to bodily fluids, utilize a barrierutilize a barrier
Make a Partnership with SafetyMake a Partnership with Safety
• Use the appropriate personal Use the appropriate personal protective equipment every time you protective equipment every time you need it.need it.
• Utilize safety engineered devices the Utilize safety engineered devices the way they are intended to be used.way they are intended to be used.
IF YOU WAIT UNTIL YOU GET SPLASHED, SPRAYEDOR EXPOSED TO PUT YOUR PPE ON, IT IS TOO LATE!
THEY ARE INTENDED TO KEEP YOU SAFE!
TRANSMISSION BASED TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
• Used in addition to Standard Used in addition to Standard PrecautionsPrecautions
• Used when patient has organism that Used when patient has organism that we don’t want to spread to other we don’t want to spread to other patients or acquire ourselvespatients or acquire ourselves
• Prevent spread by wearing a barrier Prevent spread by wearing a barrier (Personal Protective Equipment: PPE) (Personal Protective Equipment: PPE) specific to that mode of transmissionspecific to that mode of transmission
Contact PrecautionsContact PrecautionsSignageSignage
• On the patient room door, you should On the patient room door, you should see these signs:see these signs:
Contact PrecautionsContact PrecautionsThe DetailsThe Details
• Used for organisms that are spread Used for organisms that are spread by “contact” – by body surface to by “contact” – by body surface to body surface: physical transferbody surface: physical transfer
• Contact transmission is the most Contact transmission is the most important and most frequent mode important and most frequent mode of transmission of nosocomial of transmission of nosocomial infectionsinfections KEEP ‘EM CLEAN!
KEEP ‘EM CLEAN!
Contact PrecautionsContact PrecautionsWhat Should I Wear?What Should I Wear?
• Wear GLOVES for all patient care – Wear GLOVES for all patient care – this includes hand contact with the this includes hand contact with the environment!environment!
• Wear GLOVES and GOWN for patient Wear GLOVES and GOWN for patient contact that could result in your contact that could result in your uniform coming into contact with uniform coming into contact with patient or patient’s environmentpatient or patient’s environment
Contact PrecautionsContact PrecautionsUsed for What Diseases?Used for What Diseases?
• Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)aureus (MRSA)
• Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)(VRE)
• LiceLice
• ScabiesScabies
• Clostridium difficileClostridium difficile
• E. coli 0157:H7E. coli 0157:H7
Droplet Precautions Droplet Precautions SignageSignage
• On the patient room door, you should On the patient room door, you should see these signs:see these signs:
Droplet PrecautionsDroplet PrecautionsThe DetailsThe Details
• Used for organisms that are spread by Used for organisms that are spread by respiratory dropletsrespiratory droplets
• Respiratory droplets are generated by cough, Respiratory droplets are generated by cough, sneeze, talk, laugh, suction, bronchoscopy, sneeze, talk, laugh, suction, bronchoscopy, etcetc
• Respiratory droplets spread 3 to 5 feet from Respiratory droplets spread 3 to 5 feet from the source the source
• Droplets do not remain suspended in the airDroplets do not remain suspended in the air
Droplet PrecautionsDroplet PrecautionsWhat Should I Wear?What Should I Wear?
• Wear a MASK and GLOVES for all patient Wear a MASK and GLOVES for all patient contact – this includes hand contact with contact – this includes hand contact with the environment!the environment!
• If you are providing care that will likely If you are providing care that will likely result in your uniform coming into contact result in your uniform coming into contact with the patient or the patient’s with the patient or the patient’s environment, wear a GOWNenvironment, wear a GOWN
• If you are suctioning, intubating, patient has If you are suctioning, intubating, patient has tracheostomy, etc – wear EYE PROTECTIONtracheostomy, etc – wear EYE PROTECTION
Droplet PrecautionsDroplet PrecautionsUsed for What Diseases?Used for What Diseases?
• MRSA in sputumMRSA in sputum
• InfluenzaInfluenza
• MeningitisMeningitis
• Measles (Rubella)Measles (Rubella)
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsSignageSignage
• On the patient room door, you should On the patient room door, you should see these signs:see these signs:
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsUsed for What Diseases?Used for What Diseases?
• Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis
• VaricellaVaricella
• Chicken PoxChicken Pox
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsThe DetailsThe Details
• How Airborne Precautions differ from How Airborne Precautions differ from Droplet Precautions:Droplet Precautions:– Used for diseases spread by airborne Used for diseases spread by airborne
droplet nuclei (small particles) or droplet nuclei (small particles) or evaporated droplets containing the evaporated droplets containing the microorganismmicroorganism
– The particles can remain suspended in The particles can remain suspended in the air for long periods of timethe air for long periods of time
– The particles can be inhaled by othersThe particles can be inhaled by others
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsWhat Should I Wear?What Should I Wear?
• Wear a N-95 MASK and GLOVES for Wear a N-95 MASK and GLOVES for all patient contactall patient contact
• Wear the MASK, GLOVES and GOWN Wear the MASK, GLOVES and GOWN when providing care that may result when providing care that may result in exposure to bodily fluids or your in exposure to bodily fluids or your uniform may come into contact with uniform may come into contact with the environment the environment
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsAnything Else I Should Know?Anything Else I Should Know?
• These particles are small and can These particles are small and can remain suspended on air currents for remain suspended on air currents for great distancesgreat distances
• Patients in Airborne Isolation need to Patients in Airborne Isolation need to be placed in a room with specific be placed in a room with specific ventilation:ventilation:– Negative PressureNegative Pressure
HAI Prevention: Clean HAI Prevention: Clean EquipmentEquipment
- All equipment should be wiped down - All equipment should be wiped down with a germicidal wipe (Sani Cloths)with a germicidal wipe (Sani Cloths)
•Between patient useBetween patient use
•When equipment leaves a patient room When equipment leaves a patient room (wheelchair, walkers, gurneys)(wheelchair, walkers, gurneys)
Disposal of WasteDisposal of Waste“Clear Bags”“Clear Bags”
• Diapers or incontinence pads soiled Diapers or incontinence pads soiled with urine or feces can be disposed with urine or feces can be disposed of in the “regular” garbageof in the “regular” garbage
• Dry, non-confidential waste may be Dry, non-confidential waste may be disposed of in the clear bagsdisposed of in the clear bags
Disposal of WasteDisposal of Waste“Biohazard”“Biohazard”
• Waste material saturated with blood Waste material saturated with blood or bodily fluids must be discarded in or bodily fluids must be discarded in the biohazard waste containerthe biohazard waste container
• Liquid waste material must be Liquid waste material must be solidified before disposal (Isosorb)solidified before disposal (Isosorb)
• Be sure to securely tie all biohazard Be sure to securely tie all biohazard bagsbags
Disposal of WasteDisposal of WasteSharpsSharps
• Sharps containers are for all things Sharps containers are for all things sharpsharp
• Sharp things include needles, scalpels, Sharp things include needles, scalpels, lancets, syringes, ampuleslancets, syringes, ampules
• Sharp things are considered sharp Sharp things are considered sharp even if the needle has been removed even if the needle has been removed (syringe)(syringe)
• Sharp containers are not for tape, Sharp containers are not for tape, cotton balls or random garbagecotton balls or random garbage
What is wrong with this picture?
Disposal of WasteDisposal of WastePharmaceutical WastePharmaceutical Waste
• Pharmaceutical waste containers are Pharmaceutical waste containers are for pharmaceutical waste for pharmaceutical waste – Pharmaceutical waste includes all Pharmaceutical waste includes all
medications and additives that have any medications and additives that have any ingredient other than sugar, salt or wateringredient other than sugar, salt or water
– Do not dispose of pharmaceutical waste Do not dispose of pharmaceutical waste down the sinkdown the sink