infectious reproductive diseases bvd = bovine viral diarrhea · 2018-01-22 · bvd = bovine viral...
TRANSCRIPT
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 1
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
George A. Perrya, Russell F. Dalyb, and Christopher C. Chaseb Department of Animal Science
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department
Influence of
Modified Live
Vaccines on
Reproductive
Performance in
Beef Cattle
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
EQUATION OF REPRODUCTION
1. Animals detected in heat and inseminated (%).
2. Inseminator efficiency (%). 3. Fertility level of the herd (%). 4. Semen fertility level (%).
90% x 95% x 90% x 95% = 73% 90% x 95% x 70% x 95% = 57%
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Infectious Reproductive Diseases • Bovine Viral Diarrhea
(BVD)
• Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
• Trichomoniasis
• Leptospirosis
• Vibriosis
• Neospora
! FetalinfecEon
! Pregnancyloss
! OvariandysfuncEon
! EstruscycledysfuncEon
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BVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea • a “family of viruses”, many different strains
• Reproductive symptoms:
– Dependent on dam’s stage of gestation when
infected:
• Early embryonic death; low conception rates
• Persistently infected calves
• Birth defects, stunted calves
• Congenitally infected calves
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis: “Red Nose,” IBR • Agent = herpesvirus; may lay latent within
the animal
• Symptoms
– Late term (5th-9th month) abortion
– Also causes respiratory symptoms, ocular
symptoms, vaginitis
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Vaccination for IBR and BVD reproductive infections • Combined with Vibrio + Lepto
• 30 days prior to breeding
• Modified Live Vaccines dogma – Better cell-mediated immunity (viral
infections)
– Booster requirements more flexible
– Live virus – handling and safety
• Killed Vaccines dogma – Better antibody-mediated immunity (bacterial
infections)
– Need more frequent boosters
– Safer
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 2
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Adverse Effects of MLV IBR on Reproduction – Naïve Animals 1. Live IBR injected into 8 heifers d. 1 after
estrus – Ovarian necrosis in 7 (VanderMaaten & Miller, 1985)
2. MLV IBR vaccine IV into 8 heifers d. 1 after estrus – CL and ovarian necrosis in 8 (VanderMaaten, et al, 1985)
3. MLV IBR vaccine IV into 18 heifers d. 4 after 2nd PGF – CL and ovarian necrosis, inflammation in 14 (Smith, et al, 1990)
4. MLV IBR vaccine IV – or control - into 19 heifers day of 2nd PGF (Chiang, et al, 1990) – Vaccinated heifers 3/10 calved, Control heifers 9/9 calved
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Adverse Effects of MLV IBR on Reproduction – Naïve Animals 5. MLV IBR vaccine in 8 heifers d. 14 after
breeding – Infertility, embryonic death, return to estrus in 4 (Miller et al, 1989)
6. MLV or Killed IBR vaccine in 59 heifers d. 1
of co-synch CIDR fixed time AI program (Perry et al, 2013)
– MLV vaccine: 8/21 abnormal cycles; 10/21 calved
– Killed vaccine: 3/28 abnormal cycles; 25/28 calved
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Percent abnormal cycles
0 5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Two dose Virashield
One dose Virashield
BoviShield Control
Abno
rmal
Cyc
les;
%
a
a ab
b a vs b P < 0.03
Perryetal.,2013Therio79:200-2005
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
Prog
este
rone
(ng
,mL)
Day
ViraShield 2x ViraShield 1x BoviShield 1x Control
Abnormal Progesterone
Perryetal.,2013Therio79:200-2005
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Naïve heifer - Pregnancy Rates (AI)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Two dose Virashield
One dose Virashield
BoviShield Control
Preg
nanc
y Su
cces
s; %
aa
ab*
b
a vs b P < 0.01; b* vs b P = 0.078
Perryetal.,2013Therio79:200-2005
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Second Service conception
0102030405060708090100
OneDoseVirashield TwodoseVirashield Bovishield
PregnancySuccess;%
Perryetal.,2013Therio79:200-2005
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 3
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
What does this tell us about the virus and the ovary?
Estr
us
PGd25 GnRH
d28VaccinaEon
CIDR
PGd34
AIAId36d37
SecondService~d47to52
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Effects on ovary extend past 1 estrus cycle
Don’tuseModified
Live
vaccinesatbre
edingor
synchroniza8on
innever-
vaccinatedheif
ers!
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
MLV in well vaccinated cows Animals(n=799)vaccinatedthreeEmespriortobreeding(Vista5)
Seconddose90dpriortopeakbreedingdayThirddoseeither40dor3dpriortopeakbreeding
Boltonetal.,2007VetTherap8:177-182
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Overallthroughday45
1stservice 2ndservice
ConcepEonrates
Day40 Day3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Overall 1st+2ndservice
DaystoConcepEon
Day40 Day3
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
MLV in well vaccinated cows Heifers(n=295)werevaccinatedwithaMLV(CEVAX-8)vaccineeither30dor9dpriortothestartoftheAIbreedingprogram.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Estrusexpression AIPregnant BreedingSeasonPregnant
Day30 Day9
Stormshaketal.,1997Therio47:997-1001
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MLV vs Inactivated
0102030405060708090
100
40and10dprebreeding 61and31dprebreeding
BreedingseasonPregnancyRate,
%
MLV(ExpressFP5-VL5) IVV(CitadelVL5)
20%
difference
15%
difference
n=2010 2010
Walzetal.,1995Therio83:822-831
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MLV (2x) vs Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
MLV(BoviShieldGoldFP5) Saline
BreedingSeasonPregnancy
Rate,%
20%
differe
nce
n=60 15
Walzetal.,2017Vaccine35:1046-1054
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 4
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Multi-herd Study: Design ! StudytheeffectofvaccinaEononreproducEoninwell-vaccinatedanimals–detect<10%differenceinpregnancysuccess
! 1436cows/heifers–9herdsover2years! Blockedbyageandpreviouscalvingdatewithineachherd
! Allfemalespreviouslyvaccinatedpriortoeachbreedingseason
! 1304animalswithcalvingdata(132soldpriortocalvingfornon-reproreasons)
Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
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Multi-herd Study: Design ! 3treatments
! MLVIBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV+vibriolepto
! KilledIBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV+vibriolepto
! Saline
! VaccinatedaccordingtolabeldirecEons(30d.or30+60d.pre-breeding)
Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
7
PG GnRH
0 9
GnRH
AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;heifers
52to56hours
treatment day
7
PG GnRH
0 9
GnRH
AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;heifers
52to56hours
treatment day
Vaccination
-60
ViraShield6L5HB(Killed)
Bovi-ShieldGoldFP5L5HB(MLV)
Vaccination
-30
-30
Vaccination
7
PG GnRH
0 9
GnRH
AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;heifers
52to56hours
treatment day
Control(Saline)
Saline Saline
-30 -60 Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
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Pregnancy Success
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
AI 56day Breedingseason
PregnancyRate,%
Hiefers80100120
a ab
bcc
bab ab baab a bc c abcHeifers -dpp
-dpp -dpp
Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Pregnancy Success
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
AI 56day Breedingseason
PregnancyRate,%
BoviShieldSalineViraShield
aab b
aa
b bbab
abP=0.055
abP<0.01
abP=0.01
Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Calving by Group (n=1304)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1to12 13to30 31+
CalvingRate,%
DayoftheCalving
BoviShield
Saline
ViraShield*
**P=0.09
P>0.41P>0.15
Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 5
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Multi-herd Study: Summary • AI conception rates numerically better in
KV cows vs. MLV cows (p=.055) – Saline group intermediate
• 56-day conception rates statistically better
in KV and saline cows vs. MLV cows
(p<0.01)
• Breeding season pregnancy success
statistically better in KV cows vs. MLV
cows (p<0.01)
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Which vaccine group has the best protection against IBR and BVD?
A. Modified Live vaccine pre-breeding
B. Killed vaccine pre-breeding
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Walzetal.,2017Vaccine35:1046-1054
A=MLV(BoviShieldGoldFP5)n=30B=CA/IV(CalleMasterGoldFP5)n=30C=Salinen=15
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Inactivated vs MLV preventing abortion
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
BovishieldGoldFP5
CalleMasterGoldFP5
Control
Abo
rEon
Rate;%
a
a
b
Walzetal.,2017Vaccine35:1046-1054
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Objective To evaluate whether a MLV vaccine
administered prebreeding would have
negative impacts on conception rates
compared to a combined chemically altered/
inactivated BHV-1/BVD vaccine (CA/IV) in
field conditions.
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 6
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Experimental Design • 10 herds
• 1565 animals
– Blocked by age and calving date within each herd
• 2 treatments
– MLV or Combined chemically altered/inactivated BHV-1/BVD vaccine (CA/IV)
• Pregnancy success and fetal age were determined between d 34 and 86 after AI, and >30 d after the breeding season by transrectal ultrasonography.
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
7
PG GnRH
0 9
GnRH
AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;
heifers52to56hours treatment day
7
PG GnRH
0 9
GnRH
AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;
heifers52to56hours treatment day
Vaccination
-89 to -27
CaJleMasterGoldFP5
Bovi-ShieldGoldFP5Vaccination
-89 to -27
AllheifershadreceivedasecondvaccinaEon27dayormorebeforethestartoftheprotocol
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Influence of Days Postpartum on Pregnancy Success
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AI BreedingSeason
PregnancySuccess;%
Heifers 60 80 100 120
ab
b
aa
ab
a aa
b
c
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Influence of Treatment on Pregnancy Success
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
AI BreedingSeason
PregnancySuccess;%
BoviShield CalleMaster
P=0.05
P=0.95
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Influence of Vaccination Interval on Pregnancy Success
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BoviShield CalleMaster
Concep
Eonrate,%
27to30 31to37 46to89
a aa a
b b
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
MLV in well vaccinated cows AnimalsvaccinatedthreeEmespriortobreedingseconddose90dpriortopeakbreedingday
thirddoseeither40dor3dpriortopeakbreeding
Boltonetal.,2007VetTherap8:177-182
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Overallthroughday45
1stservice 2ndservice
ConcepEonrates
Day40 Day3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Overall 1st+2ndservice
DaystoConcepEon
Day40 Day3
GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17
2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 7
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
MLV in well vaccinated cows HeiferswerevaccinatedwithaMLVvaccineeither30dor9dpriortothestartoftheAIbreedingprogram.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Estrusexpression AIPregnant BreedingSeasonPregnant
Day30 Day9
Stormshaketal.,1997Therio47:997-1001
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Influence of Vaccination Interval on Pregnancy Success
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BoviShield CalleMaster
Concep
Eonrate,%
27to30 31to37 46to89
a aa a
b b
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
CaJle:42daysfrompreantraltopreovulatorysize90daysfromac8va8ontopreovulatory
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
MLV in Well Vaccinated Dairy Cows
43.60%47%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
AICon
cepE
onRate,%
MLV(ExpressFP10) KV(Triangle10)
Vaccinated45dayspriortoAI
Walzetal.,2015JDairySci98:8753-8763
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Conclusions • MLV reproductive vaccines have the potential to
adversely affect reproduction
• Evidence for adverse effects of MLV in well-
vaccinated herds is building
– Responses may differ among herds
• Proper heifer pre-conditioning helps mitigate these
effects • Modified Live - Better cell-mediated immunity
• Killed Vaccines - Better antibody-mediated immunity
• Annual KV boosters = protection against disease
• Before changing programs: get veterinary input
– Disease prevention needs differ among herds
w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents
Questions?