influence of anthropogenic factor and topography on forest ... · reclassification and converting...
TRANSCRIPT
Influence of anthropogenic factor
and topography on forest fires on
example of Brandenburg and
northern Portugal
Martin Fimiarz
Overview
I. Project areas
II. Fire Basics
III. Forest Fires in Brandenburg
IV. The MODIS Sensor
V. Methodology & Results
VI. Examples of RS-Applications
VII. Conclusion
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.1: Location of Brandenburg Source: Fimiarz 2011
Project
areas
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Source: Fimiarz 2011Fig.2 Forest and Forest Fires 2005-2008*
Project
areas
* Darstellung auf der Grundlage von Daten der unteren Forstbehörde des Landes Brandenburg
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Source: Fimiarz 2011Fig.3 Location of research area in Northern Portugal
Project
areas
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Source: Fimiarz 2011Fig.4 Forest Fires in Northern Portugal, 2003 - 2005
Project
areas
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fire behaviour: influencing factors
Fig.5: Fire Enviroment Triangle Source: Pyne et al. 1996: 49
Fire Basics
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig. 6: Topography
Topography
Source: Fuller 1991: 39
Fire Basics
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Slope (C), Aspect (D), Elevation (A)
Fire Basics
Source: Fimiarz 2011Fig.7 Slope, Aspect, Elevation
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
• After Poland Germany is the most endangered area to forestfires in Central Europe
• Endangered are particularly the eastern federal states
From 858 FF in Germany 2009 there were 470 cases in East G.
• Particularly affected by forest fires is the federal state of Brandenburg
• Reasons are climatic conditions (driest state), associated with sandy soils which store very little precipitation
• In addition there is a high proportion of pine (70 %) which is particularly vulnerable concerning fires
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.8: Endangered areas for forest fires Source: Hirschberger 2010
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.9 Fig.10
Quelle: http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov/grafics/
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
• Carrier platform Terra: 18.12.1999 (Fig.8)
• Carrier platform Aqua: 04.05.2001 (Fig.9)
MODIS
Sensor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Terra-Platform and their Sensors
Fig.11 Source: http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov/grafics/terralounch.gif
MODIS
Sensor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Technical Data of the MODIS-Sensor
• Flight height: 705 km
• Strip width: 2330 km
• Spatial Resolution: 250m /500m /1000m
• Radiometric Resolution: 12 bit (4096 grayscales)
• Spectral Resolution: 36 bands
(0,405µm -14,385µm)
• Temporal Resolution: 1 day
• Passing time at Equator : 10:30 (Terra), 13:30 (Aqua)
• Orbit: Terra (north to south), Aqua (south to north)
MODIS
Sensor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
ResultsMODIS
Sensor
Fig.12: Available Data Source: https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/api/
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
• MOD/MYD 09 Surface Reflectance
• MOD/MCD 43 BRDF / Albedo
• MOD/MYD 11 Land Surface Temperature
• MOD/MYD 14 Fire
• MOD/MYD 12 Land Cover / Change
• MOD/MYD 13 Vegetation Indices
• MOD/MYD 15 Leaf Area Index / FPAR
• MOD/MYD 17 Veg.Net Primary Production
• MOD 44 Vegetation Cov. Conv/Cont. Fields
Selected MODIS Data Products
MODIS
Sensor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
MODIS Fire Products
MOD14A1 or MYD14A1
• daily Fire Product
MOD14A2 bzw. MYD14A2
• 8-day Fire Product
Both possibilities are free on internet
Spatial resolution: 1000m
There are 2 possibilities to get the data
1. Data Format: HDF 2. Shapefile
• 48 hours
• 7 day
MODIS
Sensor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.13: Corine Raster Data Converting to Vektor Source: Fimiarz 2011
Methodology &
Results
Corine Raster Data Converting to Vektor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.14: Selection by location Source: Fimiarz 2011
Selection by location
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.15: Aspect created on base of ASTER elevation data Source: Fimiarz 2011
Aspect
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.16: Reclassification and Converting to Vektor Source: Fimiarz 2011
Reclassification and Converting to Vektor
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.17: Intersection with Corine forest mask Source: Fimiarz 2011
Intersection with Corine forest mask
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.18: Result after intersection Source: Fimiarz 2011
Result after intersection
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig.19: Selection by location Source: Fimiarz 2011
Selection by location
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Methodology &
Results
Fig. 20: Selection by location Buffer roads 500m Source: Fimiarz 2011
Selection by location Buffer roads 500m
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Brandenburg
Methodology &
Results
Fig.21: Results Brandenburg depending on Aspect Source: Fimiarz 2011
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Brandenburg
Methodology &
Results
Fig.22: Results Brandenburg depending to 500m road buffer Source: Fimiarz 2011
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Northern Portugal: Aspect
Methodology &
Results
Fig.23: Results Northern Portugal depending on Aspect Source: Fimiarz 2011
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Research Area: Arhangay Mountains
Fig. 24: Entire fire spreading from12.08.02 to 02.10.02
Examples of
RS-Applications
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Research Area: Arhangay Mountains
Fig. 25: Accuracy of MODIS Fire Detection
Examples of
RS-Applications
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
17.05.06 17.05.06
MODIS Surface reflectance Product
500m 250m
Examples of
RS-Applications
Fig. 26 Fig. 27
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
25.05.06 25.05.06
MODIS Surface reflectance Product
500m 250m
Examples of
RS-Applications
Fig. 28 Fig. 29
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.30: Land surface temperature product one week before the fire
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Examples of
RS-Applications
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.31: Forest before fire in Bugant area (Mongolia)
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Landsat NDVI
Examples of
RS-Applications
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.32: Forest after fire in Bugant area (Mongolia)
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Examples of
RS-Applications
Project
areas
MODIS
Sensor
Forest Fires
in Brandenburg
Examples of
RS-ApplicationsFire Basics
Methodology &
Results
Fig.33: Forest area compared with MODIS Fire Product
Source: Fimiarz 2006
Examples of
RS-Applications
• MODIS Active Fire Data is not suitable for a fire monitoring in
Germany
• According to aspect, there is influence visible to forest fires in
Brandenburg and Northern Portugal
• According to the infrastructure (road buffers) a influence could be also confirmed
• Remote Sensing Data, especially MODIS, is very suitable for
research particulary on global scale
Conclusion
References
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